CN103026958A - Facility watermelon cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Facility watermelon cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103026958A CN103026958A CN2013100097089A CN201310009708A CN103026958A CN 103026958 A CN103026958 A CN 103026958A CN 2013100097089 A CN2013100097089 A CN 2013100097089A CN 201310009708 A CN201310009708 A CN 201310009708A CN 103026958 A CN103026958 A CN 103026958A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method for a facility watermelon cultivation substrate. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) stacking and fermenting the acquired silkworm excrement and stevia rebaudiana straw residues respectively, performing biological digestion on farm excrement by earthworms, and sieving the silkworm excrement generated by earthworm treatment to obtain the silkworm excrement with the grain size of 1 to 4 mm; 2) using the fermented substances of 8 to 10 volume percent of earthworm excrement and 55 to 60 volume percent of stevia rebaudiana straw residues as basic materials, adding 25 to 28 volume percent of earthworm excrement to improve the physical and biological properties and adding 2.0 to 6.0 volume percent of mineral materials such as expanded vermiculite with the grain size of 1 mm to 3 mm to improve the physical property and the buffering performance of the substrate; and 3) adding 2 to 4 volume percent of lignin iron fertilizer to meet the nutritional requirements on growth of the watermelon at middle and later stage. By the preparation method, the yield and the quality of watermelon cultivation are improved, cultivation processes such as fertilizer application and drug use are reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of facility cultivating watermelon matrix and compound method thereof.Belong to facility culture technical field.
Background technology
Substrate culture refers in certain place or container by the fixing crop root and make it to absorb the plant cultivation method of nutriment and oxygen of matrix.Most of soilless culture forms all are substrate cultures.The somatomedin of the Lifestyle factors such as the water that soilless culture substrate refers to coordinate to provide for plant stability, fertilizer, gas, heat, it except support, fixedly the plant, the more important thing is the carrier that serves as nutrient and moisture, make from the nutrition of himself with from the nutrient in the environment and moisture and be able to effective supply and buffering, root system of plant can absorb in required ratio selectivity.
Aspect the matrix production application, China has part manufacturer production organic substrate, but quality is stable not, safety is not high.In the production still quite vast scale use import to grow seedlings and cultivation matrix, cost is higher.In recent years, research is found partly to introduce substrate products and technology, technique and is produced actual not in full conformity with China, some can cause soil compaction, penetrating bad, the problem such as nutrient loss is serious, and grow seedlings and the cultivation process in, crop is uneven to the absorption of various essential nutrient elements, and the seedling growing way is weak, Quality Down, diversity of soil microorganism reduces, and self-regulating function weakens etc.
China's growth of watermelon is very extensive, has become the principal item of local economic crops at Dongtai city growth of watermelon, and forms " East Platform watermelon " industry that has much characteristic.But the Soil-sickness Problem of facility watermelon has had a strong impact on the sustainable development of local growth of watermelon industry.
In addition, the problems such as the continuous increase of organic solid rubbish of the residue problem of China's large-scale cultivation field feces of livestock and poultry and farm and sideline product processing industry generation are increasingly outstanding.Therefore research and development not only be fit to China's watermelon production reality but also good cultivation matrix that can the harmless treatment organic solid castoff imperative.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art facility cultivating watermelon matrix and compound method thereof.
The compound method of facility cultivating watermelon matrix comprises the steps:
1) silkworm excrement that obtains and stevia stalk residue are banked up respectively fermentation.Plant's ight soil is processed through the earthworm biologically digesting, will be screened into through the earthworm excrement that dealing with earthworm produces the earthworm excrement of 1-4mm particle diameter;
2) with percent by volume be: the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed of silkworm excrement 8 ~ 10%, stevia stalk residue 55 ~ 60% is as basic material, add 25 ~ 28% wormcast and improve its physics and biological character, the mineral materials such as expansibility vermiculite that add 2.0% ~ 6.0% particle diameter again and be 1 ~ 3mm improve physical behavior and the shock-absorbing capacity of matrix.
3) add 2 ~ 4% lignin iron fertilizers, to satisfy the nutritional need of watermelon intermediary and later stages growth.
The described fermentation process of banking up is, adopts the fermentation of banking up of bar buttress formula, pile high 1.0 ~ 1.2 meters, 3.0 ~ 3.5 meters of bottom width, 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters of top widths.According to the one thousandth inoculation cellulose decomposition compound bacteria of windrow volume, to accelerate course of fermentation, shorten fermentation period during fermentation.Fermentation stockpile central temperature is carried out turning after reaching 65 degree, will pile table and center material to change place, to guarantee fermentation evenly, is total to turning 2 ~ 3 times between yeast phase.
The material that becomes thoroughly decomposed of last stevia stalk residue is major ingredient behind the silkworm excrement that the employing sericulture produces and the extraction steviol glycoside, clearing up the high-quality wormcast granule that just obtains behind the conversion manure of livestock and poultry with earthworm carries out composite, add a certain proportion of sustained-controll-release fertiliser and some other mineral auxiliary material, be mixed with a kind of economy, efficient, can coordinate to supply the needs of watermelon crop water, fertilizer, gas, heat, comprehensively strengthen the functional cultivation matrix of crop resistance, comprehensive nutrition.
Advantage of the present invention:
1. strengthen the recycling of organic solid castoff.Local flourishing silkworm aquaculture has produced a large amount of silkworm excrement discarded objects, although silkworm excrement is breeding waste, but is a kind of manure resources of high-quality, and nutritious, nutrient is comprehensive, and the content of organic matter is very high.Silkworm excrement is carried out recycling for solving local environmental pressure, efficiently utilize resource, reduce discharging, be extremely important.After silkworm excrement suitably processed, not only provide the raw material of high-quality for producing watermelon container nursery and cultivation matrix, also realized harmless treatment and the recycling of organic solid castoff.Stevia is extracted the unordered stacking of stevia stalk residue after enterprise extracts, and peripheral ecotope and human settlement are caused severe contamination and threat.Contain the abundant materials such as organic matter in the stevia stalk residue, rebaudioside wherein has increases plant resistance, increase crop yield, improve the melon or fruit type crops sugariness and improve the effect such as commodity property.The stevia residue is not only solved the residue treatment difficult problem of stevia manufacturing enterprise as producing growth of watermelon matrix, can also turn waste into wealth, improved the quality and yield of facility plantation watermelon.Utilize earthworm directly local fowl and livestock farm biomass castoff to be cleared up, transformed, can obtain the very good wormcast aggregate of physicochemical character, wherein abundant microbial diversity can suppress the generation of the soil-borne disease of various crop.Wormcast is allocated matrix into, can make the physical behavior of matrix and biological character be improved significantly, make simultaneously the reluctant ight soil of some scale fowl and livestock farms that the place to go of a safety is arranged.
2. nutrient is comprehensive, proportional balancing method.The rational formula of cultivating watermelon matrix has solved common matrix water, fertilizer, gas, heat effectively can not satisfy fully well that watermelon germinates, the problem of emergence and growth demand.This novel organic substrate not only content of organic matter is high, and nutrient component is comprehensive, proportional balancing method is coordinated, the nutrition supply that watermelon throughout the growing season can both be obtained fully and coordinate effectively promotes the growth of watermelon, also can efficiently increase production when guaranteeing the better quality of watermelon.Utilize this novel cultivation matrix cultivation watermelon, well developed root system, robust plant, strong stress resistance can enter flowering stage ahead of time; Utilize this novel cultivation matrix cultivation watermelon can prevent that watermelon is in the generation of continuous cropping soil cultivation continuous cropping obstacle.
3. simplify the process of matrix composition, improved the yield and quality of cultivating watermelon, reduced the planting techniques such as fertilising, medication, reduced cost.
4. promote the sustainable development that high-efficiency agriculture is produced.Cultivating watermelon matrix production technology is carried out integrated innovation, and the professional etiquette of going forward side by side modelling is produced, and at the garden large-scale demonstration, promotes the application in a wider context of this achievement.Can realize organic solid castoff harmless treatment and recycling on the one hand, the protection Ecological Environment; Effectively remove on the other hand the Soil-sickness Problem of facility watermelon, improved facility utilization rate, promoted better the sound development of facility growth of watermelon industry.The research of cultivating watermelon matrix, develop and promote the use of, be conducive to the sustainable development that promotes that the local characteristic high-efficiency agriculture is produced, promote the local economy progress, increase farmers' income.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
The compound method of facility cultivating watermelon matrix: 1) silkworm excrement that obtains and stevia stalk residue are carried out respectively the fermentation of banking up of bar buttress formula, pile high 1.0 ~ 1.2 meters, 3.0 ~ 3.5 meters of bottom width, 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters of top widths.According to the one thousandth inoculation cellulose decomposition compound bacteria of windrow volume, to accelerate course of fermentation, shorten fermentation period during fermentation.Fermentation stockpile central temperature is carried out turning after reaching 65 degree, will pile table and center material to change place, to guarantee fermentation evenly, is total to turning 2 ~ 3 times between yeast phase.Plant's ight soil is processed through the earthworm biologically digesting, will be screened into through the earthworm excrement that dealing with earthworm produces the earthworm excrement of 1-4mm particle diameter; 2) with percent by volume be: the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed of silkworm excrement 8 ~ 10%, stevia stalk residue 55 ~ 60% is as basic material, add 25 ~ 28% wormcast and improve its physics and biological character, the mineral materials such as expansibility vermiculite that add 2.0% ~ 6.0% particle diameter again and be 1 ~ 3mm improve physical behavior and the shock-absorbing capacity of matrix.3) adding 2 ~ 4% lignin iron fertilizers (to satisfy the nutritional need of watermelon intermediary and later stages growth) fully mixes and makes the Novel watermelon cultivation matrix.
Test:
1, test method:
Test site is due to gourd, fruit and vegetable Specialty Co-operative Organization experimental field, Fu Chun garden, five strong town, Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province, and soil is the moisture soil great soil group, desalination moisture soil subclass, and grittiness desalination moisture soil penus, soil species is grittiness desalination soil, the soil texture is light loam.Supplying the examination variety of watermelon is " 8424 ".
6 processing are established in this test, 3 repetitions, and random district group is arranged, and takes the plastic house mode to cultivate.Every mu of consumption is respectively 0,1,2,3,4,5 sides in 6 processing, represents with processing code name T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 respectively.All chemical fertilizer are all as base manure, and are disposable employed.Experimental field be 3 booths of south-north direction, every canopy arranges district's group, each zone leader 12 m, wide 4 m, area 48 m
2
On March 1st, 2012, soil is also ploughed in whole ground, and March 2, base manure (chemical fertilizer) and the cultivation matrix of experimental scheme used in the bu residential quarter, and cultivation matrix is that 0.4 m, line-spacing are that the watermelon Transplanting Density of 2m adopts the method for spreading manuer in holes to carry out according to spacing in the rows.Transplanted watermelon seedling, each residential quarter 60 strain on March 27.April 20 topdressed and the investigated number of blade and main climing length.June 20 the bu residential quarter watermelon of gathering, meter produces.
2, test results and analysis
2.1 matrix is on the impact of watermelon growing
According to the investigation data analysis of each residential quarter melon seedling, the cultivation matrix consumption has certain impact to the watermelon leaf emergence rate.Along with the increase of substrates quantity, the water melon leaf number is increase trend, when substrates quantity reaches every mu of 4 m
3When above, the number of blade no longer increases; Equally, the climing length of watermelon master also no longer increased after substrates quantity reached certain level, even also slightly descend (table 1).
Table 1 substrates quantity is on the impact of watermelon plant leaf number, main climing length
2.2 matrix is on the impact of the yield of watermelon
Each residential quarter watermelon is counted respectively and weighed, the results are shown in table 2.Data can be found out from table 2, and along with the increase of every mu of matrix amount of application, watermelon single fruit weight and per mu yield all increase to some extent.
Table 2 substrates quantity is on the impact of the yield of watermelon
2.3 matrix is on the impact of sugar of watermelon
Each residential quarter watermelon sampled respectively carry out the mensuration of sugar content, the results are shown in table 3 and table 4.Data can be found out from table, at every mu of substrates quantity 0 ~ 5 m
3In the scope, along with the increase of every mu of matrix amount of application, watermelon center sugar and limit sugar content have increase trend.
Table 3 substrates quantity is on the impact of watermelon center sugar content
Table 4 substrates quantity is on the impact of watermelon limit sugar content
3, sum up
(1) at every mu of substrates quantity 0 ~ 4 m
3In the scope, along with the increase of substrates quantity, water melon leaf number, climing long the increasing of watermelon master.
(2) at every mu of substrates quantity 0 ~ 5 m
3In the scope, along with the increase of every mu of matrix amount of application, watermelon single fruit weight and per mu yield all increase to some extent.
(3) at every mu of substrates quantity 0 ~ 5 m
3In the scope, along with the increase of matrix amount of application, watermelon center sugar and limit sugar content have increase trend.This shows, matrix all has positive facilitation to growth, output, the sugariness of watermelon within the specific limits.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the compound method of a facility cultivating watermelon matrix is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) silkworm excrement that obtains and stevia stalk residue are banked up respectively fermentation, plant's ight soil is processed through the earthworm biologically digesting, will be screened into through the earthworm excrement of dealing with earthworm generation the earthworm excrement of 1-4mm particle diameter;
2) with percent by volume be: the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed of silkworm excrement 8 ~ 10%, stevia stalk residue 55 ~ 60% is as basic material, add 25 ~ 28% wormcast and improve its physics and biological character, the expansibility vermiculite that adds 2.0% ~ 6.0% particle diameter again and be 1 ~ 3mm improves physical behavior and the shock-absorbing capacity of matrix.
3) add 2 ~ 4% lignin iron fertilizers.
2. the facility cultivating watermelon matrix that obtains of method according to claim 1.
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| CN201310009708.9A CN103026958B (en) | 2013-01-10 | 2013-01-10 | Facility watermelon cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof |
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| CN201310009708.9A CN103026958B (en) | 2013-01-10 | 2013-01-10 | Facility watermelon cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN103314737A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-09-25 | 象山县农业技术推广中心 | Method of agricultural cycle production in winter |
| CN105254386A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-01-20 | 罗继卫 | Silkworm excrement cultivation media and preparation method thereof |
| CN108293861A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-07-20 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | A kind of spring greenhouse small watermelon mixed-matrix soilless culture method |
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| CN103314737A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-09-25 | 象山县农业技术推广中心 | Method of agricultural cycle production in winter |
| CN103314737B (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2014-08-06 | 象山县农业技术推广中心 | Method of agricultural cycle production in winter |
| CN105254386A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-01-20 | 罗继卫 | Silkworm excrement cultivation media and preparation method thereof |
| CN108293861A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-07-20 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | A kind of spring greenhouse small watermelon mixed-matrix soilless culture method |
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