CN103013374A - 仿生防粘疏水疏油贴膜 - Google Patents
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Abstract
仿生防粘疏水疏油贴膜属聚四氟乙烯产品技术领域,本发明的薄膜层表面具有第一级凸包型结构和第二级凸包型结构,凸包型结构由凸包结构单元组成,凸包结构单元底部为圆形、正三角形、正四边形或正六边形;凸包为碗型、圆柱型、圆锥型、三棱柱型、四棱柱型或六棱柱型;本发明可以任意弯曲折叠,在不规则表面使用使得原来亲水、亲油表面转变成超疏水、疏油表面,可广泛应用于汽车、厨房用具、电子产品等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属聚四氟乙烯产品技术领域,具体涉及一种仿生防粘疏水、疏油贴膜。
背景技术
日常生活中,因汽车雨刮橡胶条寿命短需要经常更换;雨雪天气车轮甩泥导致前后翼子板和车门下部易脏;电子产品不慎掉入水中;厨房用具粘满油污不易清理等等一系列问题困扰着我们。究其原因,是水滴和油滴与器件表面接触角较小,器件不能很好的疏水、疏油所致。
聚四氟乙烯的分子结构式为(-CF2-CF2-)n,是一种高度对称的非极性线性高分子材料,其表面自由能极低,表面高度憎水,目前,聚四氟乙烯薄膜的制备工艺已相对成熟,但光滑表面聚四氟乙烯薄膜与水的接触角很难达到150°,从而实现薄膜的超疏水性。在仿生非光滑表面研究这一领域,专利号01226143.2指出:按仿生学原理在部件表面规律地分布具有一定几何形状的结构单元体。但其特征尺寸较大,且为一级非光滑结构,在实际工程应用只能起到减粘的效果,但防粘效果不明显。而当尺寸缩小到纳米后虽然能达到非常完美的防粘效果,同时纳米材料给人类带来很多好处,但其也带来了许多安全隐患。纳米材料不易降解,穿透性强,纳米材料对环境和人体健康都存在一定的威胁。针对这些问题,本发明应用低表面能材料,仿照荷叶特殊的表面二级复合结构构建具有一定特征尺寸的环境友好型贴膜。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在材料本身低表面自由能的基础上,构建二级粗糙表面结构,将其粘贴于需要防水、防油工件表面,应用贴膜防粘疏水、疏油的性能,保持易污表面清洁、玻璃表面干爽,提高电子产品使用寿命。
本发明由薄膜层1和胶粘剂涂层2组成,其中薄膜层1表面具有第一级凸包型结构和第二级凸包型结构,凸包型结构由凸包结构单元组成,凸包结构单元底部为圆形、正三角形、正四边形或正六边形;凸包为碗型、圆柱型、圆锥型、三棱柱型、四棱柱型或六棱柱型;薄膜层厚度d1为0.1-0.3mm,胶粘剂涂层厚度d2为0.01-0.03mm。
所述第一级凸包型结构和第二级凸包型结构,其结构面积占有率表示各级凸包型结构底部外接圆的面积之和与基体表面积之比,由下列公式确定:
其中:P1表示第一级凸包型结构面积占有率;P2表示第二级凸包型结构面积占有率;l表示正四边形加工区域的边长;D表示第一级凸包结构单元间距离;d表示第二级凸包结构单元间距离;R表示第一级凸包底外接圆半径;r表示第二级凸包底外接圆半径。
所述第一级凸包型结构的凸包高度H和凸包底外接圆半径R为10-100um,凸包高度H为5-100um,且H≤R;第二级凸包型结构的凸包底外接圆半径r为1-10um,凸包高度h为0.5-10um,且h≤r。
所述第一级凸包型结构面积占有率P1≥30%,第二级凸包型结构面积占有率P2≥30%。
所述具有第一级凸包型结构和第二级凸包型结构的薄膜层表面由添加6%含氟表面活化剂(FS)的聚四氟乙烯树脂经模具热压而成。
所述模具具有由皮秒激光加工机或飞秒激光加工机加工而成的与第一级凸包型结构和第二级凸包型结构对应的非光滑表面。
本发明的有益效果主要有:本发明能应用于具有工件表面各种表面形态且需要防水、防油的器件。将本发明应用于车窗玻璃表面,水滴能在带走车窗表面灰尘的同时顺利滚下而不留下任何痕迹,使车窗玻璃能够超疏水自清洁,从而可在汽车车窗上省略雨刮而避免了因汽车雨刮橡胶条寿命短需要经常更换的麻烦;将本发明应用于汽车前、后翼子板,车门下部,能改善车身因雨雪天气车轮甩泥而导致前后翼子板和车门下部易脏的状况;将本发明应用于电子产品表面,能保其在不慎掉入水中的情况下也能正常工作;将本发明应用于厨房瓷砖、换气扇叶片表面,可使其避免沾染油污,从而大大减少清理的麻烦。
总而言之,本发明可以任意弯曲折叠,在不规则表面使用使得原来亲水、亲油表面转变成超疏水、疏油表面,可广泛应用于汽车、厨房用具、电子产品等领域。
附图说明
图1为碗型二级凸包结构贴膜剖面图
图2为底部为圆形的二级凸包结构贴膜俯视图
图3为碗型二级凸包单元体结构侧视图
图4为碗型二级凸包单元体结构俯视图
其中:1.薄膜层 2.胶粘剂涂层 R-第一级凸包底外接圆半径 r-第二级凸包底外接圆半径 L-正四边形加工区域的边长 H-第一级凸包型结构的凸包高度 h-第二级凸包型结构的凸包高度 d1-薄膜层厚度 d2-胶粘剂涂层厚度 D-第一级凸包结构单元间距离 d-第二级凸包结构单元间距离
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1汽车车窗免雨刮贴膜
根据本发明要求设计具有防粘功能仿生疏水、疏油的汽车车窗免雨刮贴膜。首先需要加工热压模具,材质为金属氧化铝,使用飞秒激光器在其表面进行碗型凹坑微造型形貌的加工。第一级凹坑底部圆半径为10um,凹坑深度为5um,凹坑的分布密度为100%,根据凸包结构面积占有率公式计算可得第一级凹坑各结构单元间中心间距为20um,在幅面为1mm x1mm的加工表面上第一级凹坑单元体的数量为2500个。第二级凹坑底部圆半径为1um,凹坑深度为0.5um,凹坑的分布密度为50%,根据凸包结构面积占有率公式计算可得第二级凹坑各结构单元间中心间距为2.5um,在幅面为1mm x1mm的加工表面上第二级凹坑单元体的数量为160000个。将添加6%含氟表面活化剂(FS)的聚四氟乙烯树脂进行模压成型,控制薄膜层厚度为0.2mm,经冷却剥离,得到具有非光滑表面形态的聚四氟乙烯薄膜。将已经制备的聚四氟乙烯薄膜光滑表面使用氩等离子体处理,增加聚四氟乙烯表面自由能,得到改性聚四氟乙烯薄膜。应用涂布机涂布一层无痕胶粘剂,胶层厚度为0.02mm。水滴与薄膜表面接触,水滴呈现出完整的圆球形,水滴底部与薄膜的接触面非常小。使用接触角测量仪测量薄膜与水的宏观接触角达到168°-170°,滚动角达到2°,薄膜稍有倾斜,水滴就可以在薄膜的表面自由滚动。
按本发明要求加工的汽车车窗免雨刮贴膜,在保证驾驶员视野的前提下,水滴滴落车窗玻璃表面,在带走表面灰尘的同时能完全滚落而不留痕迹,从而可省略汽车雨刮器的安装,避免了由雨刮器引起的各种问题,保证了行驶安全性,降低了汽车风阻与风噪。
实施例2汽车不粘泥贴膜
根据本发明要求设计具有防粘功能仿生疏水、疏油的汽车不粘泥贴膜。首先需要加工热压模具,材质为灰铸铁,使用皮秒激光器在其表面进行六棱柱型凹坑微造型形貌的加工。第一级凹坑底部正六边形外接圆半径为80um,凹坑深度为50um,凹坑的分布密度为50%,根据凸包结构面积占有率公式计算可得第一级凹坑各结构单元间中心间距为200um,在幅面为1mmx1mm的加工表面上凹坑单元体的数量为25个。第二级凹坑底部正六边形外接圆半径为5um,凹坑深度为3um,凹坑的分布密度为40%,根据凸包结构面积占有率公式计算可得第二级凹坑各结构单元间中心间距为14um,在幅面为1mm x1mm的加工表面上凹坑单元体的数量为5100个。将添加6%含氟表面活化剂(FS)的聚四氟乙烯树脂进行模压成型,控制薄膜层厚度为0.3mm,经冷却剥离,得到具有非光滑表面形态的聚四氟乙烯薄膜。将已经制备的聚四氟乙烯薄膜光滑表面使用氮等离子体处理,增加聚四氟乙烯表面自由能,得到改性聚四氟乙烯薄膜。应用涂布机涂布一层无痕胶粘剂,胶层厚度为0.03mm。泥浆与薄膜表面接触,泥浆液滴呈现出完整的圆球形,泥浆液滴底部与薄膜的接触面非常小。使用接触角测量仪测量薄膜与水的宏观接触角达到152°-155°,滚动角达到3°,薄膜稍有倾斜,泥浆就可以在薄膜的表面自由滚动。
按本发明要求加工的汽车不粘泥贴膜,汽车在雨雪天气行驶时,因车轮飞溅泥浆能顺畅从车身表面滑落,而不致粘挂在车身表面,保证车身的清洁,从而为车主大大减少洗车的麻烦,节约了水资源。
Claims (6)
1.一种仿生防粘疏水疏油贴膜,其特征在于由薄膜层1和胶粘剂涂层2组成,其中薄膜层1表面具有第一级凸包型结构和第二级凸包型结构,凸包型结构由凸包结构单元组成,凸包结构单元底部为圆形、正三角形、正四边形或正六边形;凸包为碗型、圆柱型、圆锥型、三棱柱型、四棱柱型或六棱柱型;薄膜层厚度d1为0.1-0.3mm,胶粘剂涂层厚度d2为0.01-0.03mm。
2.按权利要求1所述的仿生防粘疏水疏油贴膜,其特征在于所述第一级凸包型结构和第二级凸包型结构,其结构面积占有率表示各级凸包型结构底部外接圆的面积之和与基体表面积之比,由下列公式确定:
其中:P1表示第一级凸包型结构面积占有率;P2表示第二级凸包型结构面积占有率;l表示正四边形加工区域的边长;D表示第一级凸包结构单元间距离;d表示第二级凸包结构单元间距离;R表示第一级凸包底外接圆半径;r表示第二级凸包底外接圆半径。
3.按权利要求1所述的仿生防粘疏水疏油贴膜,其特征在于所述第一级凸包型结构的凸包高度H和凸包底外接圆半径R为10-100um,凸包高度H为5-100um,且H≤R;第二级凸包型结构的凸包底外接圆半径r为1-10um,凸包高度h为0.5-10um,且h≤r。
4.按权利要求1所述的仿生防粘疏水疏油贴膜,其特征在于所述第一级凸包型结构面积占有率P1≥10%,第二级凸包型结构面积占有率P2≥30%。
5.按权利要求1所述的仿生防粘疏水疏油贴膜,其特征在于所述具有第一级凸包型结构和第二级凸包型结构的薄膜层表面由添加6%含氟表面活化剂(FS)的聚四氟乙烯树脂经模具热压而成。
6.按权利要求5所述的仿生防粘疏水疏油贴膜,其特征在于所述模具具有由皮秒激光加工机或飞秒激光加工机加工而成的与第一级凸包型结构和第二级凸包型结构对应的非光滑表面。
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