CN102976391A - Method for preparing nano zinc oxide by taking nano spherical polyelectrolyte brush as microreactor and application of nano zinc oxide - Google Patents

Method for preparing nano zinc oxide by taking nano spherical polyelectrolyte brush as microreactor and application of nano zinc oxide Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102976391A
CN102976391A CN2012105211692A CN201210521169A CN102976391A CN 102976391 A CN102976391 A CN 102976391A CN 2012105211692 A CN2012105211692 A CN 2012105211692A CN 201210521169 A CN201210521169 A CN 201210521169A CN 102976391 A CN102976391 A CN 102976391A
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nano
polyelectrolyte brush
zinc oxide
spherical polyelectrolyte
zine oxide
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郭旭虹
张锐
李文玥
李公生
许军
李莉
房鼎业
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East China University of Science and Technology
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East China University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing nano zinc oxide by taking a nano spherical polyelectrolyte brush as a microreactor and an application of the nano zinc oxide. The method comprises the following steps of: with 100-140nm polymeric microspheres as raw materials, initiating graft polymerization of monomers on the surfaces of the polymeric microspheres by adopting a thermal-control emulsion polymerization method to obtain a spherical polyelectrolyte brush with the particle diameter of 140-300nm; after adding a divalent zinc salt water solution, making divalent zinc ions enter into the polyelectrolyte brush under the electrostatic interaction, and carrying out in-situ reaction under the action of a precipitant to obtain nano zinc oxide particles uniformly distributed inside the nano spherical polyelectrolyte brush; and calcining the nano spherical polyelectrolyte brush system loaded with the zinc oxide particles to remove the polyelectrolyte brush to obtain the nano-scale pure zinc oxide particles. The nano zinc oxide particles which are synthesized by taking the spherical polyelectrolyte brush as the microreactor are smaller in particle diameter and uniform to distribute, are an ideal high-efficient nano photocatalyst and can be widely applied in the field of water purification and the like.

Description

A kind of method and application for preparing nano zine oxide take nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush as microreactor
Technical field
The present invention relates to preparation method and the application thereof of nano zine oxide, specifically utilize first the thermal control emulsion polymerisation process to prepare spherical polyelectrolyte brush, prepare the nano zine oxide composite particles take spherical polyelectrolyte brush as nano-reactor by in-situ synthetic method again, to remove as the spherical polyelectrolyte brush of nano-reactor at last, obtain that particle diameter is little, the uniform nano zinc oxide particles of size distribution.The nano zinc oxide particles that obtains can be used as photocatalyst, is applied to the fields such as water purification.
Background technology
When an end of polyelectrolyte molecules is connected in spherical substrate surface or interface with high grafting density, because the volume between the polyelectrolyte chain is got rid of and the Coulomb repulsion effect, thereby their free end just can do one's utmost outwards to stretch the polymer assembling nanostructure that forms a kind of nucleocapsid structure, i.e. so-called spherical polyelectrolyte brush.The structure-reinforced Donnan effect of polyelectrolyte chain enrichment gegenion of this uniqueness, thus can adsorb and concentrated gegenion.And this specific character also just is the controlled nano-device of preparation, and nano metal composite particle has been opened up a new way.Therefore, we can utilize nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush to adopt in-situ synthetic method to prepare nano zinc oxide particles as nanometer microreactor.
The first contriver of the application in 1999 has realized that the light letex polymerization prepares nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush, be about to that light trigger overlays on the nuclear surface and under UV-irradiation the trigger monomer in-situ polymerization generate size (Macromolecules 1999 at the spherical polyelectrolyte brush of 100~200 nanometers, 32,6043).The applicant prepared the spherical polyelectrolyte brush (patent No. ZL 200910049103.6) of magnetic Nano by the method that coats previously prepared magnetic nano-particle in nuclear in 2008.
Nano zinc oxide particles is owing to have great specific surface area and surface energy, and in theory, it has very high catalytic activity, particularly in the Photocatalytic oxidation of Organic Pollutants in Water field good application prospect is arranged.In present correlative study, the size of the zinc oxide of nanoscale and distribute wayward.The present invention has found that a kind of suitable method can synthesize well that particle diameter is little, the nano zine oxide that is evenly distributed and improve its stability and photocatalysis performance.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem that exists at present in the synthesis of nano-zinc oxide process, i.e. the control synthesis of nano-zinc oxide take nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush as nano-reactor.Main contents of the present invention are as follows:
A kind of method for preparing nano zine oxide take nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush as microreactor comprises the steps:
(1) deionized water, nanometer polyhutadiene microballoon emulsion and initiator potassium persulfate or Ammonium Persulfate 98.5 are added abundant stirring and dissolving in the reactor, the rotating speed of stirring is controlled at 300~500 rev/mins; Take out inflated with nitrogen 3~5 times, rising temperature to 70~80 ℃, continue to react half an hour, then water-soluble monomer vinylformic acid is added dropwise in the reactor under nitrogen protection, react after 1~2 hour and finish, can obtain particle diameter is the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush emulsion with nucleocapsid structure of 140~300 nanometers;
(2) be that 10000~15000 g/mols dialysis tubing is dialysed with the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush emulsion molecular weight cut-off with nucleocapsid structure that obtains in the step (1), until the water conductivity that gives no longer changes;
(3) add mineral alkali potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution in the polyelectrolyte brush emulsion after the dialysis that in step (2), obtains, stirred 0.5~1 hour, so that the carboxyl that polyelectrolyte brushes fully dissociates; The add-on of described mineral alkali be in the described nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush with nucleocapsid structure the carboxyl molar weight 15~20%;
The nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush emulsion of (4) carboxyl that obtains in the step (3) fully being dissociated is that the zinc acetate of 0.001~0.002 mol/L or the aqueous solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate fully mix and adds in the reactor with concentration, take out inflated with nitrogen 3~5 times, rising temperature to 70~80 ℃, the rotating speed that stirs is controlled at 300~500 rev/mins, continue to stir 0.5~1 hour to guarantee that zine ion fully enters and is adsorbed in the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush, afterwards the precipitation agent vulkacit H is added dropwise in the reactor under nitrogen protection, rate of addition is controlled at 1~2 drops/sec; After dropwising, keep reaction conditions constant, continue reaction 2~3 hours, can obtain loading on the nano zinc oxide particles on the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush;
(5) load that obtains in the step (4) being had the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush emulsion molecular weight cut-off of nano zinc oxide particles is that 10000~15000 g/mols dialysis tubing is dialysed, remove wherein unreacted divalent zinc ion and precipitation agent molecule, until the water conductivity that gives no longer changes;
(6) product that obtains in the step (5) revolved boil off except wherein as the water of solvent, again with the pressed powder of gained after the drying 500~600 ℃ of lower calcinings 2~3 hours, namely obtain described nano zinc oxide particles.
The particle diameter of described nano zine oxide is 20 nanometers, and the standard deviation of size is less than 3 nanometers.
The application of the described nano zine oxide that obtains according to aforesaid method, described nano zine oxide is as the application of photocatalyst in the reaction of catalyzed oxidation tropeolin-D, the key step of described catalyzed oxidation tropeolin-D reaction is: at first the powder with described nano zine oxide adds in the aqueous solution of tropeolin-D, ultrasonic mixing obtains dispersion liquid, then described dispersion liquid was in the dark left standstill 20~40 minutes so that form absorption/desorption balance as the methyl orange molecule of simulating organic pollutant at the microsphere surface of described nano zine oxide, then this dispersion liquid is shone under UV-light, make described nano zine oxide under the irradiation of UV-light, absorb photon energy and excite the formation electron-hole pair, thereby direct and water molecule reaction forms hydroxyl free radical, the methyl orange molecule that is adsorbed on described nano zinc oxide particles surface is oxidized into inorganics, reaches the effect of purifying water body.
The whole process of described catalyzed oxidation tropeolin-D reaction adopts ultraviolet spectrophotometer to carry out Real-Time Monitoring; Wherein, the concentration of the aqueous solution of described tropeolin-D is 0.01~0.02 mM/l, and total add-on of described nano zine oxide is 0.5~1.0 grams per liter.
Load on the application of nano zine oxide in catalyzed reaction on the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush, it is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described nano zine oxide is 20 nanometers, and the standard deviation of size uses as a kind of efficient photocatalyst for the treatment of organic pollutants in water body less than 3 nanometers.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows: utilize nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush as nano-reactor synthesis of nano zinc oxide particle, can be in a large number and adsorb equably gegenion, and so have excellent dispersiveness by the nano zine oxide of in-situ synthesis preparation.Simultaneously, by can control well size and the distribution of nano zine oxide take nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush as the microreactor synthesis of nano-zinc oxide, make the nano zine oxide with outstanding catalytic performance.The nano zinc oxide particles that the application also will synthesize take nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte as microreactor is applied to the reaction that photochemical catalysis organic pollutant tropeolin-D is oxidized to inorganic carbon dioxide and water as a kind of effective catalyst, shows excellent photocatalytic activity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the high resolving power transmission electron microscope picture that the load of synthesizing has the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush of nano zine oxide;
Fig. 2 is the nano zine oxide of the preparation take nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush as microreactor is oxidized to the reaction of carbonic acid gas and water as catalyzer photochemical catalysis tropeolin-D under UV-irradiation UV spectrum Real-Time Monitoring curve;
Fig. 3 is that the load of synthesizing has the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush of nano zine oxide and the XRD spectra of calcining the rear pure nano zine oxide that forms.
Embodiment
Below, further specify content of the present invention with embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in embodiment.Other changes and modifications to those skilled in the art makes in the situation that does not deviate from the present invention's spirit and protection domain still are included within the protection domain of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The hot emulsion polymerization prepares nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush
With 22.3 milliliters of polyhutadiene microballoon emulsions (polymer microballoon content is 3.0 grams), 180 ml deionized water, 0.06 the gram Potassium Persulphate is packed in 500 milliliters of there-necked flasks, wherein, dynamic light scattering (DLS) test result shows that the hydromeehanics diameter of this polyhutadiene microballoon is 130 nanometers, and emulsion solid content is about 13.4%.After under agitation fully dissolving, take out inflated with nitrogen 3~5 times, rotating speed is controlled at 300 rev/mins.Behind temperature-stable to 80 ℃, keep this temperature and rotating speed and continue to stir half an hour.3.0 gram Acrylic Acid Monomers are dissolved in 90 ml deionized water, under nitrogen, be added dropwise to fast in the there-necked flask, sustained reaction 1 hour, namely obtain the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush emulsion, be after 14000 g/mols dialysis tubing is dialysed in deionized water with molecular weight cut-off, the DLS test result shows that this nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush is that 8 o'clock its hydromeehanics diameters are 250 nanometers in the pH value.The transmission electron microscope picture of product as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 2
Prepare nano zine oxide take nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush as nano-reactor
Get 100 milliliters of the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush emulsions of embodiment 1 gained in 250 milliliters of there-necked flasks, 0.125 gram zinc nitrate hexahydrate is dissolved in 20 ml deionized water, and slowly is added drop-wise in the flask, rate of addition is 1 second/, continue to stir one hour, stirring velocity is 300 rev/mins.Take out inflated with nitrogen 3~5 times, behind temperature-stable to 80 ℃, 0.13 gram vulkacit H is dissolved in 20 ml deionized water, under nitrogen atmosphere, be added dropwise to there-necked flask, rate of addition is 2 seconds/, keep this temperature and rotating speed and continue reaction 2 hours, the final nano zine oxide that obtains to load on the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush, be 14000 g/mols the dialysis tubing small molecular weight impurity of in deionized water, dialysing away with molecular weight cut-off, after the specific conductivity of dialyzate is constant, obtain the emulsion behind the purifying.Synthetic load is had after the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush emulsion drying of nano zine oxide 600 ℃ of lower calcinings 3 hours, namely obtain pure nano zine oxide.Fig. 3 is that the load of synthesizing has the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush of nano zine oxide and the XRD spectra of calcining the rear pure nano zine oxide that forms.
Embodiment 3
Prepare the high-content nano zine oxide take nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush as nano-reactor
The load of getting embodiment 2 gained has in 100 milliliters and 250 milliliters there-necked flasks of nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush emulsion of nano zine oxide, again 0.125 gram zinc nitrate hexahydrate is dissolved in 20 ml deionized water, and slowly be added dropwise to flask, rate of addition is 1 second/, continue to stir one hour, stirring velocity is constant to be 300 rev/mins.Take out inflated with nitrogen 3~5 times, behind temperature-stable to 80 ℃, 0.13 gram vulkacit H is dissolved in 20 ml deionized water, under nitrogen atmosphere, be added dropwise to there-necked flask, rate of addition is 2 seconds/, keep this temperature and rotating speed and continue reaction 2 hours, the final nano zine oxide that obtains to load on the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush.Continue to repeat aforesaid operations twice, obtain the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush emulsion that load has the high-content nano zine oxide.Be 14000 g/mols the dialysis tubing small molecular weight impurity of in deionized water, dialysing away with molecular weight cut-off, after the specific conductivity of dialyzate is constant, obtain the emulsion behind the purifying.With under 600 ℃, calcining 3 hours after the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush emulsion drying of synthetic load high-content nano zine oxide, namely obtain pure nano zine oxide.
Embodiment 4
The synthetic application of nano zine oxide in the catalyzed oxidation organic pollutant
0.00655 gram tropeolin-D is dissolved in 1000 ml deionized water, and obtaining concentration is 2 * 10 -5The methyl orange solution of M, with this methyl orange solution simulation organic pollutant, get 20 milliliters, nano zine oxide 0.1 gram that adds example 2 gained, ultra-sonic dispersion is even, this dispersion liquid was in the dark left standstill 30 minutes, so that form absorption/desorption balance as the methyl orange molecule of simulation organic pollutant at the nano zine oxide microsphere surface.This dispersion liquid is shone under UV-light, and every about 3 milliliters of sampling in 30 minutes, supernatant liquid is got in centrifugation, adopts tropeolin-D content in the ultraviolet spectrophotometer monitoring solution.As shown in Figure 2, the charateristic avsorption band of tropeolin-D is in 465 nanometers.

Claims (4)

1. a method for preparing nano zine oxide take nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush as microreactor is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) deionized water, nanometer polyhutadiene microballoon emulsion and initiator potassium persulfate or Ammonium Persulfate 98.5 are added abundant stirring and dissolving in the reactor, the rotating speed of stirring is controlled at 300~500 rev/mins; Take out inflated with nitrogen 3~5 times, rising temperature to 70~80 ℃, continue to react half an hour, then water-soluble monomer vinylformic acid is added dropwise in the reactor under nitrogen protection, react after 1~2 hour and finish, can obtain particle diameter is the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush emulsion with nucleocapsid structure of 140~300 nanometers;
(2) be that 10000~15000 g/mols dialysis tubing is dialysed with the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush emulsion molecular weight cut-off with nucleocapsid structure that obtains in the step (1), until the water conductivity that gives no longer changes;
(3) add mineral alkali potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution in the polyelectrolyte brush emulsion after the dialysis that in step (2), obtains, stirred 0.5~1 hour, so that the carboxyl that polyelectrolyte brushes fully dissociates; The add-on of described mineral alkali be in the described nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush with nucleocapsid structure the carboxyl molar weight 15~20%;
The nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush emulsion of (4) carboxyl that obtains in the step (3) fully being dissociated is that the zinc acetate of 0.001~0.002 mol/L or the aqueous solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate fully mix and adds in the reactor with concentration, take out inflated with nitrogen 3~5 times, rising temperature to 70~80 ℃, the rotating speed that stirs is controlled at 300~500 rev/mins, continue to stir 0.5~1 hour to guarantee that zine ion fully enters and is adsorbed in the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush, afterwards the precipitation agent vulkacit H is added dropwise in the reactor under nitrogen protection, rate of addition is controlled at 1~2 drops/sec; After dropwising, keep reaction conditions constant, continue reaction 2~3 hours, can obtain loading on the nano zinc oxide particles on the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush;
(5) load that obtains in the step (4) being had the nanometer spherical polyelectrolyte brush emulsion molecular weight cut-off of nano zinc oxide particles is that 10000~15000 g/mols dialysis tubing is dialysed, remove wherein unreacted divalent zinc ion and precipitation agent molecule, until the water conductivity that gives no longer changes;
(6) product that obtains in the step (5) revolved boil off except wherein as the water of solvent, again with the pressed powder of gained after the drying 500~600 ℃ of lower calcinings 2~3 hours, namely obtain described nano zinc oxide particles.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described nano zine oxide is 20 nanometers, and the standard deviation of size is less than 3 nanometers.
3. the application of the described nano zine oxide that obtains of the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, described nano zine oxide is as the application of catalyzer in the reaction of catalyzed oxidation tropeolin-D, the key step of described catalyzed oxidation tropeolin-D reaction is: at first the powder with described nano zine oxide adds in the aqueous solution of tropeolin-D, ultrasonic mixing obtains dispersion liquid, then described dispersion liquid was in the dark left standstill 20~40 minutes so that form absorption/desorption balance as the methyl orange molecule of simulating organic pollutant at the microsphere surface of described nano zine oxide, then this dispersion liquid is shone under UV-light, make described nano zine oxide under the irradiation of UV-light, absorb photon energy and excite the formation electron-hole pair, thereby direct and water molecule reaction forms hydroxyl free radical, the methyl orange molecule that is adsorbed on described nano zinc oxide particles surface is oxidized into inorganics, reaches the effect of purifying water body.
4. application according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the whole process of described catalyzed oxidation tropeolin-D reaction adopts ultraviolet spectrophotometer to carry out Real-Time Monitoring; Wherein, the concentration of the aqueous solution of described tropeolin-D is 0.01~0.02 mM/l, and total add-on of described nano zine oxide is 0.5~1.0 grams per liter.
CN2012105211692A 2012-12-07 2012-12-07 Method for preparing nano zinc oxide by taking nano spherical polyelectrolyte brush as microreactor and application of nano zinc oxide Pending CN102976391A (en)

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CN111704157A (en) * 2020-05-30 2020-09-25 上海应用技术大学 Preparation method of microchannel of nano zinc oxide

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Application publication date: 20130320