CN102969938B - A kind of nuclear power station signal injection system utilizing temperature difference sensing - Google Patents
A kind of nuclear power station signal injection system utilizing temperature difference sensing Download PDFInfo
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- CN102969938B CN102969938B CN201210421158.7A CN201210421158A CN102969938B CN 102969938 B CN102969938 B CN 102969938B CN 201210421158 A CN201210421158 A CN 201210421158A CN 102969938 B CN102969938 B CN 102969938B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of nuclear power station signal injection system utilizing temperature difference sensing belonging to Nuclear Safety and heat energy utilization field.Reactor pressure vessel, semi-conductor thermo-electric generation module, heat transfer device are fixed together and form semiconductor temperature difference battery; The output of semiconductor temperature difference battery is connected with pressurizer, signal processing system and engineered safeguards features.The temperature difference that the present invention utilizes reactor pressure vessel wall and containment internal environment to produce, drives the generating of semiconductor temperature difference battery, and is applied to nuclear power station injecting systems as voltage signal.The advantages such as this system has the running of non-enabling fashion, it is convenient to implement, it is simple to control, reliability is high, noiselessness, pollution-free, long service life; More effectively ensure Nuclear Safety, and facilitate low-grade energy utilization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Nuclear Safety and heat energy utilization field, particularly a kind of nuclear power station signal injection system utilizing temperature difference sensing.
Background technology
21 century, energy scarcity, environmental pollution have become the significant problem that the whole world faces.Along with the development of human society, the quantity of the industrial requirement energy is more and more huger, and then the consumption of conventional energy resource is also more and swifter and more violent, causes the situation of energy scarcity today, and in numerous alternative energy sources, nuclear energy is the most potential industrial energy that can use on a large scale beyond doubt.Since the 50's of 20th century, 16% of the electricity Yi Zhan world gross generation that nuclear power station sends.International experience proves, nuclear power is a kind of economy, safety, reliable, clean new forms of energy.But along with the development of nuclear power, the mankind also more and more pay close attention to for the safety problem of nuclear power, especially after Fukushima, Japan nuclear plant severe accident occurs, the fear that the world treats nuclear power is deepened further.The frequency of the generation of nuclear plant severe accident is extremely low, is about 10
-5in/heap year, three generations's heap reaches 10
-7/ heap year.But once there is nuclear plant severe accident, destroy all safety curtains of nuclear power station possibly, discharge radioactive substance on a large scale to environment, produce serious Radiological Consequences, nuclear power station and social safety are formed and threatens greatly.Say from consequence, serious accident is the hidden danger that nuclear power station may cause to the public and the most serious harm of environment, so be very necessary and important to the research of nuclear plant severe accident accident measure.
Therefore; for guaranteeing reactor sudden closure before serious accident, the discharge of residual heat of nuclear core and the integrality of containment; thus the development of restriction accident and alleviate the consequence of accident; except normal Control protection system; set up a lot of Special safety facility in nuclear power station, having comprised: safety injection system, containment spray system, auxiliary feedwater system, Containment Isolation System etc.The pressure signal that wherein safety injection system, containment spray system, Containment Isolation System are all sent by RPR system (reactor protection system) triggers and starts, and the signal (residual heat removal system) that auxiliary feedwater system is transmitted by RRA system triggers and starts.
In order to improve the accuracy of triggering signal, ensure the fail safe of reactor, the present invention is by the Appropriate application to low-grade heat source, according to thermo-electric generation principle, the voltage signal that the temperature difference produces is connected to signal processing module, and then carry out Treatment Analysis by signal processing module, make action, the generation of prevention serious accident.
The research early start of thermoelectric generation is the forties in 20th century.Borrow in its significant advantage, thermo-electric generation is widely used in the field such as aviation, military affairs, and the U.S., the former Soviet Union successively have developed thousands of radioisotope or the nuclear reactor thermoelectric generator power supply as space, marine device.Along with the exhaustion increasingly of fossil energy, the developed countries such as the U.S., Japan, European Union pay attention to the research of thermoelectric generation at civil area more, and make some progress.But directly utilize the nuclear power station signal injection system of thermo-electric generation sensing not relate to.
China has certain strength in the research of semiconductor temperature differential generating, many researchers are devoted to the research how utilizing low-grade heat source, all achieve some achievements separately, as utilized the solid adsorption type air conditioner of vehicle exhaust, and for example utilize the water heater-refrigeration air-conditioner compounding machine of solar energy, but utilize thermoelectric effect directly the research of low-grade thermal power transfer for Nuclear Safety signal but seldom to be mentioned at home.Domesticly still be in the starting stage in thermoelectric application aspect, therefore the present invention utilizes thermo-electric generation to have very real meaning as nuclear power station guard signal.
In the invention, system is run by non-enabling fashion, and it is convenient to implement, and control simple, reliability is high, safe and reliable; Temperature difference sensing is a kind of novel Electric signal processing mode, has clean, and noiselessness pollutes, and unharmful substance discharges, and efficiently, the life-span is long, sturdy and durable, the series of advantages such as reliability is high, simple and stable.This system meets environment protection requirement, has important strategic importance to the sustainable development of national economy.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of nuclear power station signal injection system utilizing temperature difference sensing, it is characterized in that, hot junction aluminium sheet 7.1 and the reactor pressure vessel wall 1 of semiconductor electricity generation module 2 weld together, the cold junction aluminium sheet 7.2 of semiconductor electricity generation module 2 is connected with heat transfer device 3, the input of pressurizer 4 is connected with the output of semiconductor electricity generation module 2, signal processing module 5 is connected with engineered safeguards features 6 and pressurizer 4 respectively, thus forms nuclear power station signal injection system.
Thermal insulation layer silicone grease 8, electric conductor copper 9, N-P semiconductor 10 form as a whole by fastening bolt 11 by cold junction aluminium sheet 7.2 and hot junction aluminium sheet 7.1 by described this semiconductor electricity generation module 2, described thermal insulation layer silicone grease 8 is arranged at cold junction aluminium sheet 7.2 and between hot junction aluminium sheet 7.1 and electric conductor copper 9, except insulating heat-conductive, also mechanical stress can be alleviated; Described electric conductor copper 9 is between thermal insulation layer silicone grease 8 and N-P semiconductor 10, M P type semiconductor and M N type semiconductor are got up with the sequential series of P type semiconductor, N type semiconductor, and the P type semiconductor at two ends and N type semiconductor are also connected to the input of pressurizer 4 by wire.
Described reactor pressure vessel wall 1 and heat transfer device 3 carry the suction heat release task of thermal source and low-temperature receiver, thus are conducted to rapidly by heat on the hot junction aluminium sheet 7.1 of semiconductor electricity generation module 2; Heat transfer device 3 is cooled by the free convection of containment inner ventilation system in containment, semiconductor electricity generation module 2 cold junction aluminium sheet 7.2 temperature is reduced in below containment internal temperature or remains on containment internal temperature, ensures that the thermo-electric generation of semiconductor electricity generation module 2 normally runs.
Described heat transfer device 3 is by heat pipe or superconductor manufacture.
M in described semiconductor electricity generation module is the positive integer of 50-1000.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows and utilize Seebeck effect principle, optimal design semiconductor temperature difference battery; Utilize pressure vessel and containment environment thermo-electric generation, produce direct current; And using direct current directly as voltage signal, access signal processing module carries out analyzing and processing, and finally ensure that nuclear plant safety adds strong barrier together as safety signal.The present invention makes full use of low grade heat energy, can save conventional fuel, protection of the environment.This device is simple, without the need to chemical reaction and mechanical movable part, there is the running of non-enabling fashion, implement convenient, control the advantages such as simple, reliability is high, noiselessness, pollution-free, long service life.Compared with current common method, realize low cost, the advantage that reliability is strong; Be easy to promote, market prospects are fine.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the nuclear power station signal injection system schematic diagram utilizing temperature difference sensing.
Fig. 2 is that a kind of semiconductor temperature difference battery is optimized structure figure.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of nuclear power station signal injection system utilizing temperature difference sensing.Be explained below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the nuclear power station signal injection system figure utilizing temperature difference sensing.As seen from the figure, hot junction aluminium sheet 7.1 and the reactor pressure vessel wall 1 of semiconductor electricity generation module 2 weld together, the cold junction aluminium sheet 7.2 of semiconductor electricity generation module 2 is connected with heat transfer device 3, the input of pressurizer 4 is connected with the output of semiconductor electricity generation module 2, signal processing module 5 is connected with engineered safeguards features 6 and pressurizer 4 respectively, thus forms nuclear power station signal injection system.
In fig. 2, thermal insulation layer silicone grease 8, electric conductor copper 9, N-P semiconductor 10 form as a whole by fastening bolt 11 by cold junction aluminium sheet 7.2 and hot junction aluminium sheet 7.1 by described this semiconductor electricity generation module 2, described thermal insulation layer silicone grease 8 is arranged at cold junction aluminium sheet 7.2 and between hot junction aluminium sheet 7.1 and electric conductor copper 9, except insulating heat-conductive, also mechanical stress can be alleviated; Described electric conductor copper 9 is between thermal insulation layer silicone grease 8 and N-P semiconductor 10, M P type semiconductor and M N type semiconductor are got up with the sequential series of P type semiconductor, N type semiconductor, and the P type semiconductor at two ends and N type semiconductor are also connected to the input of pressurizer 4 by wire.Its specific works flow process is as follows: reactor pressure vessel wall 1 and semiconductor electricity generation module 2 hot junction aluminium sheet compact siro spinning technology, can ensure that reactor has an accident in early days, when reactor pressure vessel wall temperature raises rapidly, heat is conducted to quickly and efficiently on semiconductor electricity generation module 2 hot junction aluminium sheet 7.1; Heat transfer device 3 is cooled by the free convection of containment inner ventilation system in containment, and aluminium sheet 7.2 temperature of semiconductor electricity generation module 2 cold junction is reduced in below containment internal temperature or remains on containment internal temperature; Direct current is generated by semiconductor thermoelectric electricity generation module 2; For improving direct current quality, be imported into pressurizer 4, thus stable output voltage signal; If output signal is greater than 48V, then voltage signal is again by signal processing module 5 Treatment Analysis; And be ultimately delivered to engineered safeguards features 6, control safety injection signal system, spray system and auxiliary feedwater system in engineered safeguards features 6 and make action.
In involved semiconductor temperature difference battery, Bi elected as by semi-conducting material
2te
3, its Seebeck coefficient α=530 μ v/k, gets 500 μ v/k.Containment interior environment temperature should be limited within 70 DEG C, and reactor pressure vessel wall should ensure lower than 900 DEG C.By efficient heat transfer, cold junction aluminium sheet and hot junction aluminium sheet 7 temperature difference can be made to reach 830 DEG C.The specified input signal of signal processing system is 48V.As calculated, the battery that 116 pairs of N-P semiconductors are formed is needed in thermoelectric cell altogether.Consider to compensate, application 120 is right in practice.
Involved semiconductor temperature difference battery is the thermoelectric pile formed by 120 pairs of semiconductor thermocouples.Its fabrication scheme is as follows: a. reactor pressure vessel wall 1 should weld or bind together with the hot junction aluminium sheet of semiconductor electricity generation module 2, makes both compact siro spinning technology, thus is conducted to by heat on the hot junction aluminium sheet of semiconductor electricity generation module quickly and efficiently; B. thermoelectric material Bi
2te
3and the cut direction of alloy material, the direction of growth of length direction along material of thermoelectric couple should be made, thus ensure that thermoelectric couple is in the maximum direction of the figure of merit.
Involved semiconductor electricity generation module 2 needs safety, reliable, stable operation, the present invention adopts following scheme when manufacturing thermoelectric cell: a. considers from the improvement of galvanic couple structure, to eliminate the mechanical stress of expanding with heat and contract with cold and producing as far as possible, ameliorative way of the present invention has: 1. separate a breach at the pars intermedia of conduction body piece 9 or bend to arc, thus make brace have certain shrinkage, thus the mechanical stress that reduction acts in P-N electric arm; 2. metallized ceramic sheet hardness is large, very easily causes P-N electric arm to fracture.So design employing has certain flexibility and the passive insulating heat conductive silicon grease 8 of energy.B. in order to improve joint conduction and the thermal conduction characteristic of thermoelectric pile to a certain extent, the good transition solder of contact performance should be selected between cold junction aluminium sheet and hot junction aluminium sheet, thermal insulation layer silicone grease 8, electric conductor copper 9, each contact-making surface of N-P semiconductor 10.C. except transition solder, before also needing suitable technique-welding, preferably chemical cleaning (etch) is carried out to each face of weld, then need during welding to select suitable welding temperature and time.
Claims (2)
1. one kind utilizes the nuclear power station signal injection system of temperature difference sensing, it is characterized in that, hot junction aluminium sheet (7.1) and the reactor pressure vessel wall (1) of semiconductor electricity generation module (2) weld together, the cold junction aluminium sheet (7.2) of semiconductor electricity generation module (2) is connected with heat transfer device (3), the input of pressurizer (4) is connected with the output of semiconductor electricity generation module (2), signal processing module (5) is connected with engineered safeguards features (6) and pressurizer (4) respectively, thus formation nuclear power station signal injection system
Described reactor pressure vessel wall (1) and heat transfer device (3) carry the suction heat release task of thermal source and low-temperature receiver, thus are conducted to rapidly by heat on the hot junction aluminium sheet (7.1) of semiconductor electricity generation module (2); Heat transfer device (3) is cooled by the free convection of containment inner ventilation system in containment, semiconductor electricity generation module (2) cold junction aluminium sheet (7.2) temperature be reduced in below containment internal temperature or remain on containment internal temperature, ensureing that the thermo-electric generation of semiconductor electricity generation module (2) normally runs;
Described heat transfer device is by heat pipe or superconductor manufacture;
Direct current is generated by semiconductor thermoelectric electricity generation module (2); For improving direct current quality, be imported into pressurizer (4), thus stable output voltage signal; If output signal is greater than 48V, then voltage signal is again by signal processing module (5) Treatment Analysis; And be ultimately delivered to engineered safeguards features (6), control safety injection signal system, spray system and auxiliary feedwater system in engineered safeguards features (6) and make action.
2. utilize the nuclear power station signal injection system of temperature difference sensing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described this semiconductor electricity generation module (2) be by cold junction aluminium sheet (7.2) and hot junction aluminium sheet (7.1) by fastening bolt (11) by thermal insulation layer silicone grease (8), electric conductor copper (9), the entirety that the fastening clamping of N-P semiconductor (10) is formed, described thermal insulation layer silicone grease (8) is arranged between cold junction aluminium sheet (7.2) and electric conductor copper (9) and between hot junction aluminium sheet (7.1) and electric conductor copper (9) respectively, except insulating heat-conductive, also mechanical stress can be alleviated, described electric conductor copper (9) is between thermal insulation layer silicone grease (8) and N-P semiconductor (10), M P type semiconductor and M N type semiconductor are got up with the sequential series of P type semiconductor, N type semiconductor, the P type semiconductor at two ends and N type semiconductor are also connected to the input of pressurizer (4) by wire
M in described semiconductor electricity generation module is the positive integer of 50-1000.
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| CN103174872A (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2013-06-26 | 华北电力大学 | Passive valve system driven by temperature difference |
| CN104767265A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-07-08 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Nuclear power plant emergency storage battery system conducting charging by means of temperature differences |
| CN105225705A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-01-06 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | There is the non-active hydrogen recombiner and uses thereof of wind-powered electricity generation, thermoelectricity translation function |
| WO2017152393A1 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-14 | Chengdu Science And Technology Development Center Of Caep | Thermoelectric generator based residual heat removal system and method of the same |
| CN114592940A (en) * | 2022-02-08 | 2022-06-07 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Passive emergency power generation system and nuclear power station |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1667935A (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2005-09-14 | 清华大学 | Thermoelectric generator for monitoring instrument power supply after high temperature gas cooled reactor accident |
| CN102739115A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2012-10-17 | 华北电力大学 | Power generating system utilizing internal and external environmental temperature difference of building |
| CN202939986U (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-05-15 | 华北电力大学 | Nuclear power station safety injection signal device based on temperature difference sensing |
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| JP2001284663A (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-12 | Tokyo Yogyo Co Ltd | Thermoelectric generating element device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1667935A (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2005-09-14 | 清华大学 | Thermoelectric generator for monitoring instrument power supply after high temperature gas cooled reactor accident |
| CN102739115A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2012-10-17 | 华北电力大学 | Power generating system utilizing internal and external environmental temperature difference of building |
| CN202939986U (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-05-15 | 华北电力大学 | Nuclear power station safety injection signal device based on temperature difference sensing |
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Granted publication date: 20151014 Termination date: 20211029 |