CN102965197A - Method for extracting and separating ginger essential oil and ginger oil resin enriched in gingerol - Google Patents
Method for extracting and separating ginger essential oil and ginger oil resin enriched in gingerol Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a biochemical engineering separating method of natural active products, and especially relates to a method for simultaneously extracting and separating ginger essential oil and ginger oil resin enriched in gingerol in ginger by a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. The method is characterized in that the pressure and temperature of an extraction kettle is changed, the ginger essential oil containing little 6-gingerol and 6-gingerol-enriched ginger oil resin with large appearance and property difference can be obtained in a separation kettle in different extraction and separation phases. The method uses a separation kettle, the process flow is simple, two important extraction products such as ginger essential oil and ginger oil resin in ginger can be used in the fields of food, cosmetic, medicine and the like and clearly obtained at a time, the investment for equipments and workshops is small, and the large scale production can be carried out.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to biological chemical field, specifically, is a kind of technology of separating the ginger essential oil and being rich in the gingerol oleoresin ginger of extracting from the medicine food dual purpose plant ginger.
Two, technical background
Ginger is the rhizome of Zingiber ginger ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), and Chinese materia medica is thought Jiang Xin, heat; Return spleen, stomach, the heart, lung channel; has warming spleen and stomach for dispelling cold; Hui Yang promotes blood circulation; the effect of eliminating dampness dissolving phlegm is used for coldness and pain in the epigastrium, and vomiting is had loose bowels; the cold weak pulse of limb; the phlegm and retained fluid disease such as breath with cough, modern pharmacological research show, that ginger has is analgesic, analgesia, anti-inflammatory, anti-heart failure, antibacterial, town tell, promote choleresis, protection Myocytes Anoxia to lack the pharmacologically actives such as sugar damage, platelet aggregation-against.Ginger also be a kind ofly deeply liked, widely used natural hot Fragrant food food flavouring, be typical medicine food dual purpose plant.
Most important chemical constitution is volatile oil-Jiang essential oil (Essential oil of ginger) and gingerol class-oleoresin ginger (Oleoresin of ginger) in the ginger.
The ginger essential oil typically refers to the volatility oil content that the steam distilled method of water extracts from the ginger rhizome, contains hardly the high boiling point composition, has strong aromatic odour, is mainly used in perfuming and the seasoning of food and beverage.The ginger essential oil is transparent, pale yellow to orange flowable liquid, is a kind of mixture of complexity.Because the ginger essential oil gives off a strong fragrance, the fragrance of the tool fresh flower feature of pleasant, lemon are slightly arranged, taste is warm,, fragrant hot, not pungent, be mainly used in food and makeup.As being used for food, beverage, the perfuming without pure refreshment drink and special sweet wine, seasoning, it is natural food spice; Be used for the particularly desirable natural essence raw material of man's usefulness perfume of makeup.The ginger essential oil also has long history as medicinal, and dispelling cold and dehumidification is arranged, the wind dispelling pain relieving, and warming channel to dredge meridian, the motion sicknesses such as prevent and cure Car-sickness, ship, aircraft also have anti-aging effects.Nearest studies show that, the terpene compound in the ginger essential oil has protection stomach mucous membrane and antiulcer action, and the ginger essential oil has restraining effect to central nervous system, and the ginger essential oil also has preferably anti-inflammatory action.
Oleoresin ginger refers to then reclaim organic solvent with organic solvent extraction ginger rhizome, and the semi-fluid substance of remaining comparison thickness contains nonvolatile fatty ingredient that essential oil does not possess.Oleoresin ginger contains very important volatility oil content, gingerol composition and fatty oil, brown eleostearic acid, resin and carbohydrate on the sense organ as ginger food flavouring intensely processed products, and wherein gingerol is to determine the flavour of ginger and the main composition of oleoresin ginger local flavor.Oleoresin ginger is a kind of dark amber to the brown color thick liquid, and mobile relatively poor, water-soluble hardly, pure solubility is also lower, can produce granular precipitation after leaving standstill.Make food flavouring, oleoresin ginger contains whole fragrance and the taste of ginger, therefore can be used as the alternative traditional natural spicy materials of high-quality concentrated food flavouring and be applied to food-processing and the cooking, particularly it contains main flavor compound-gingerol of ginger, gingerol is that oleoresin ginger is one of main ingredient of gingerol, studies confirm that gingerol has the widely pharmacological actions such as cardiac stimulant, step-down, reducing blood-fat, hypoglycemic, antiplatelet, anti-oxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory analgesic.Wherein 6-gingerol particularly, main ingredient as gingerol or gingerol, it is the characteristic constituents of ginger, has important biological action, at field of medicaments important use is arranged, all mention or disclosed the medicinal use of gingerol such as Chinese patent CN1616391, CN1651383, CN101862312, CN101972239.
Volatile oil or essential oil obtain with steam distillation traditionally, put down in writing such as Chinese Pharmacopoeia, China granted patent CN1027955 discloses the preparation method of a kind of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens volatile oil or ginger essential oil, adding ginger oil that cold press obtains through wet distillation is 0.2%～0.8% to the total yield of ginger, yield is low, length consuming time, and wet distillation portion temperature high (about 100 ℃) causes side reaction easily, thereby may produce certain influence to fragrance, similarly also have Chinese patent CN1027954C.Use the organic solvent extraction oleoresin ginger, dissolvent residual is arranged, in reclaiming dissolving agent process, solvent loss is arranged, excess Temperature also can produce certain influence to product property, and along with the rising of petroleum resources price, extraction cost also can increase.
Supercritical fluid extraction, particularly supercritical CO
2Fluid extraction technology is a kind of new chemical separating monotechnics, integrates to extract sepn process, technical process is short, and extraction temperature is low, and extraction efficiency is high, no solvent residue is particularly suitable for nonpolar in the natural product or low-pole material-separate such as the extraction of fat-soluble volatile effective component.Chinese patent CN1212273, CN1251367, CN1762956, CN1692924, CN1857701, CN101955423, CN102061128, CN1698591, CN101032323, CN101347607, CN101735030 have mentioned in extraction process, raw material preparation and embodiment and have used supercritical CO
2Fluid extraction technology extracts preparation ginger oil or oleoresin ginger, although CN1404856 is that to prepare water-soluble ginger-root extract be main, for removing fat-soluble ginger oil or oleoresin ginger, has still mentioned in embodiment 3 and has used supercritical CO
2Fluid extraction technology.Supercritical CO
2Fluid is except the dissolution characteristics that itself has, because it is low to extract separation temperature, and at CO
2Under the inert fluid atmosphere, more be conducive to the reservation of the strong gingerol class material of biology and chemically reactive in ginger and the extract thereof, this shows supercritical CO
2Fluid extraction technology is used for ginger oil or oleoresin ginger and extracts to separate to compare with other correlation technique and have greater advantages.
Chinese patent CN1212273, CN1762956, CN1692924, CN101955423 have mentioned and have used supercritical CO
2Extract ginger oil or contain the higher oleoresin ginger of gingerol, but all be that disposable extraction separates, in an extraction-container or separating still, obtain extracting product, fail to demonstrate fully supercritical CO
2Fluid extraction technology can be by changing supercritical CO simply individually or simultaneously
2The pressure of fluid and temperature (extraction or separation) are to change supercritical CO
2The density of fluid and affect the wherein volatility of solute, thus solute affected at supercritical CO
2Solvability in the fluid reaches that selective extraction separates or technical superiority or the characteristics of enrichment.Although Chinese patent CN1857701 has mentioned the second-order separation parsing, from its claim, the narration of embodiment is with aforementioned several patent difference and little; Chinese patent CN1251367 understanding has also been used supercritical CO
2The These characteristics of fluid extraction technology, by using more than the secondary separator to level Four, adjust temperature or the pressure of each separator, reach the order ground that in different separators, obtains different Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens extracts, such as the ginger essential oil, gingerol and wax etc., but the difference of proterties and principal character composition between the not clear and definite different extracts of this patent, be unfavorable for extracting the practical application of product, the more important thing is owing to be high-pressure process, the use of secondary or the above separator of secondary increases and complicated operational path flow process, has greatly increased the floor space of facility investment and equipment factory building.
Three, summary of the invention
Provide a kind of more succinct effectively supercritical CO order of the present invention
2Fluid extraction, technique or the method for separating two kinds of most important compositions in the ginger, stage by stage extraction, disposable ginger essential oil, two kinds of extracts of oleoresin ginger of obtaining, wherein gingerol is that the representative-6-gingerol of gingerol compounds mainly is present in the oleoresin ginger.
Method cardinal principle of the present invention is to utilize supercritical CO
2Fluid is with the change of temperature, pressure, its density changes, and solubility property changes thereupon, and the change of temperature has influence on the wherein volatility of solute simultaneously, thereby change or affect solute solubleness therein, reach extract is carried out selective extraction, separation or enrichment.Different from patent CN1251367 is, the present invention is pressure and the temperature that changes extractor at different time phases, correspondingly disposable in the different time stage, in a separator, obtain different extracts-6-gingerol content seldom the ginger essential oil and be rich in the oleoresin ginger of 6-gingerol.The present invention compared with the prior art; do not use a plurality of separator situations; shortened technical process; disposablely comparatively clear and definite different Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens extracts have been obtained; be conducive to extract the practical application of product; reduce equipment investment and factory building takies, greatly saved investment, more be conducive to mass-producing, industrialization production.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1. be supercritical CO
2Fluid extraction tripping device and process flow diagram
Fig. 2. be 6-gingerol reference substance and supercritical CO
2The high-efficient liquid phase chromatogram of fluid extraction sample determination.
Fig. 3. be supercritical CO
2The fluid extraction different steps obtains ginger essential oil, oleoresin ginger gas chromatography-mass spectrum total ion current figure.
Five, embodiment
Supercritical CO by reference to the accompanying drawings
2Fluid extraction tripping device and process flow diagram further specify specific implementation method of the present invention: get the oven dry ginger splices, be positioned among the extraction kettle E CO after being crushed to about 20-40 order
2CO among the storage tank A
2After condenser B condensation, rise to very first time section through force (forcing) pump C and subscribe extracting pressure (7-19MPa), be heated to stage very first time reservation extraction temperature (32-80 ℃) through heat exchanger D, enter extraction kettle E and extract, be dissolved in supercritical CO this moment
2In the fluid is the ginger essential oil, enters separating still F through decompression valve 3 and separates, and separating pressure is 5-7MPa, and separation temperature is 20-70 ℃, separates out from separating still F bottom stopping valve 5 to contain gingerol ginger essential oil seldom.After for some time, shut-off valve 5 is regulated force (forcing) pump C, 3 to second time periods of reducing valve reservation extracting pressure (20-35MPa), and extraction temperature (30-80 ℃), enters the extraction of the second time period, is dissolved in supercritical CO this moment
2In the fluid is oleoresin ginger, and pressure, the temperature of separating still F remain unchanged, and separates out the oleoresin ginger that is rich in gingerol from separating still F bottom valve 5.Through high-performance liquid chromatogram determination, the ginger essential oil that fs extraction obtains contains seldom representative compounds 6-gingerol in the gingerol and oleoresin ginger, the 6-gingerol that then contains larger content in the subordinate phase extraction product oleoresin ginger, face shaping also have larger difference with the ginger essential oil; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis has also illustrated this point, in the ionic current color atlas of the extraction ginger essential oil that obtains of fs, represent the high material of boiling point after 30 minutes, and the peak that gingerol or gingerol class material go out seldom, very little, and the peak shape that the oleoresin ginger that subordinate phase obtains goes out and ginger essential oil have obviously difference particularly after 30 minutes, the peak that went out in the time of about 47 minutes is through being accredited as 6-gingerol, peak height difference is just larger, phenols or the gingerol class material of explanation take 6-gingerol as representative mainly is present in the oleoresin ginger, obtained in the present invention larger separation.
Below describe the present invention in detail with specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1
The ginger powder after 10 kilograms of pulverizing of in 25 liters of extraction kettles, packing into, the fs extraction, extracting pressure 9MPa, 40 ℃ of extraction temperature, separating pressure 5.5MPa, 45 ℃ of separation temperatures, extract after 45 minutes, from separating still F valve 5, emit the ginger essential oil, after processed, get 310 grams, be yellow transparent oily liquids, good fluidity.Adjust extraction kettle pressure to 22MPa, 50 ℃ of extraction temperature keep same separating still pressure and temperature, continue extraction 50 minutes, emit oleoresin ginger from separating still F valve 5, get 182 grams after processed, are brown color smectic thing, and are mobile relatively poor.Through high-performance liquid chromatogram determination, 6-gingerol content is 0.8% in the ginger essential oil, and 6-gingerol content is 13.9% in the oleoresin ginger.
The ginger powder after 10 kilograms of pulverizing of in 25 liters of extraction kettles, packing into, the fs extraction, extracting pressure 12MPa, 50 ℃ of extraction temperature, separating pressure 6MPa, 55 ℃ of separation temperatures, extract after 60 minutes, from separating still F valve 5, emit the ginger essential oil, after processed, get 351 grams, be yellowish red color transparent oily liquid, good fluidity.Adjust extraction kettle pressure to 26MPa, 60 ℃ of extraction temperature keep same separating still pressure and temperature, continue extraction 50 minutes, emit oleoresin ginger from separating still F valve 5, get 163 grams after processed, are brown color thickness smectic thing, and are mobile relatively poor.Through high-performance liquid chromatogram determination, 6-gingerol content is 1.9% in the ginger essential oil, and 6-gingerol content is 25.1% in the oleoresin ginger.
Embodiment 3
The ginger powder after 10 kilograms of pulverizing of in 25 liters of extraction kettles, packing into, the fs extraction, extracting pressure 16MPa, 65 ℃ of extraction temperature, separating pressure 6.5MPa, 60 ℃ of separation temperatures, extract after 50 minutes, from separating still F valve 5, emit the ginger essential oil, after processed, get 297 grams, be yellowish red color transparent oily liquid, good fluidity.Adjust extraction kettle pressure to 32MPa, 70 ℃ of extraction temperature keep same separating still pressure and temperature, continue extraction 50 minutes, emit oleoresin ginger from separating still F valve 5, get 115 grams after processed, are brown color thickness smectic thing, poor fluidity.Through high-performance liquid chromatogram determination, 6-gingerol content is 2.6% in the ginger essential oil, and 6-gingerol content is 38.6% in the oleoresin ginger.
Claims (4)
1. supercritical CO
2Ginger essential oil and the method that is rich in the oleoresin ginger of gingerol in the fluid while extracting and separating ginger is characterized in that in two stages of different extraction times, by changing temperature and the pressure of extraction kettle, used a separating still, obtained respectively ginger essential oil and oleoresin ginger; Extraction kettle pressure 7-35MPa, temperature 32-80 ℃; Separating still pressure 5-7MPa, temperature is 20-70 ℃.
2. ginger essential oil and be rich in the method for the oleoresin ginger of gingerol in the extracting and separating ginger according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that the fs of extracting and separating, extraction kettle pressure 7-19MPa, temperature 32-80 ℃, separating still pressure 5-7MPa, temperature is 20-70 ℃, it is the ginger essential oil that separating still obtains product, extracting and separating is subordinate phase after for some time, change extraction kettle pressure to 20-35MPa, temperature 32-80 ℃, keep the temperature, pressure of separating still to continue extracting and separating, it is oleoresin ginger that separating still obtains product.
3. ginger essential oil and be rich in the method for the oleoresin ginger of gingerol in the extracting and separating ginger according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that the fs of extracting and separating, extraction kettle pressure 10MPa, 40 ℃ of extraction temperature, separating still pressure 5.5MPa, 45 ℃ of separation temperatures, the product that separating still obtains is the ginger essential oil, extracting and separating is subordinate phase after for some time, change extraction kettle pressure to 22MPa, 50 ℃ of extraction temperature keep the temperature, pressure of separating still to continue extracting and separating, and the product that separating still obtains is oleoresin ginger.
4. ginger essential oil and be rich in the method for the oleoresin ginger of gingerol in the extracting and separating ginger according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that the fs of extracting and separating, extraction kettle pressure 18MPa, 65 ℃ of extraction temperature, separating pressure 6.5MPa, 65 ℃ of separation temperatures, the product that separating still obtains is the ginger essential oil, extracting and separating is subordinate phase after for some time, change extraction kettle pressure to 32MPa, 70 ℃ of extraction temperature keep the temperature, pressure of separating still to continue extracting and separating, and the product that separating still obtains is oleoresin ginger.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103505706A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-01-15 | 三金集团湖南三金制药有限责任公司 | Preparation method of fresh ginger total phenols bulk drug of medicine for preventing motion sicknesses |
| CN104745081A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-07-01 | 贵州航天乌江机电设备有限责任公司 | Method for extracting ginger oleoresin |
| CN106398874A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-02-15 | 江西中医药大学 | Volatile oil multi-effect separation device |
| CN106433985A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-02-22 | 广东聿津食品有限公司 | Fresh ginger essential oil and preparation method thereof |
| CN107778158A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-09 | 天津中新药业研究中心 | A kind of high-purity general gingerol, preparation method and the usage |
| CN108175717A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2018-06-19 | 广州栋方生物科技股份有限公司 | The industrialized utilization of ginger and the antiallergic composition of structure |
| CN109762662A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-05-17 | 陈世湘 | A kind of physical method of use and plant same type natural essential oil to be extracted substitution chemical solvent extraction oleoresin |
| CN112457920A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-09 | 江西一森正气生物科技有限公司 | Extraction processing system of essential oil |
| CN114507126A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2022-05-17 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Preparation process and application of 6-gingerol |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103505706A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-01-15 | 三金集团湖南三金制药有限责任公司 | Preparation method of fresh ginger total phenols bulk drug of medicine for preventing motion sicknesses |
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| CN106398874A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-02-15 | 江西中医药大学 | Volatile oil multi-effect separation device |
| CN109762662A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-05-17 | 陈世湘 | A kind of physical method of use and plant same type natural essential oil to be extracted substitution chemical solvent extraction oleoresin |
| CN109762662B (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2021-12-28 | 陈世湘 | Physical method for extracting oleoresin by using natural essential oil of the same type as plant to be extracted to replace chemical solvent |
| CN112457920A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-09 | 江西一森正气生物科技有限公司 | Extraction processing system of essential oil |
| CN114507126A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2022-05-17 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Preparation process and application of 6-gingerol |
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Application publication date: 20130313 |