CN102504957A - Method for preparing essential oils - Google Patents
Method for preparing essential oils Download PDFInfo
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- CN102504957A CN102504957A CN2011103747376A CN201110374737A CN102504957A CN 102504957 A CN102504957 A CN 102504957A CN 2011103747376 A CN2011103747376 A CN 2011103747376A CN 201110374737 A CN201110374737 A CN 201110374737A CN 102504957 A CN102504957 A CN 102504957A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing essential oils. The method comprises the following steps: taking and smashing raw materials; placing the smashed raw materials in an extraction kettle; carrying out supercritical extraction by taking a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as an extractive solvent and taking alcohol with the volume concentration of 55 to 65 percent as an entrainer, wherein the extraction temperature is 25 to 38 DEG C, the extraction pressure is 15 to 22 MPa, the extraction time is 1.5 to 3 h, the ratio between the quality (Kg) of the raw materials and the volume (L) of the extraction kettle is 0.2 to 0.5 : 1, and the ratio between dose (L) of the entrainer and the volume (L) of the extraction kettle is 0.05 to 0.07 : 1; separating with a separation kettle to obtain an extract; placing the extract obtained through extraction in a molecular still; carrying out molecular distillation under the conditions of 0.3 to 0.5 Pa, 160 to 180 DEG C; and collecting to obtain a corresponding essential oil. The method can be used for extracting essential oils from various plants, so that compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of high essential oil yield and high contents.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for preparing plants essential oil, specifically is with supercritical CO
2Technology extraction binding molecule distills and prepares plants essential oil.
Background technology
Plants essential oil is the plant specific aromatoising substance, is taken from herbal flower, leaf, root, bark, fruit, seed, resin etc. and extract with distillation, squeezing mode.Plants essential oil is to be made up of the one-tenth branch more than the kind more than 100, and some more constitutes up to hundreds of extremely thousands of kinds of compositions certainly, and generally speaking plants essential oil contains alcohols, aldehydes, acids, phenols, acetone class, terpenes.With the Flos Rosae Rugosae quintessence oil is that example 86% is to be become to be grouped into by kind more than 300, the 14%th, to form by many minor compounds, and this two-part composition ratio is different, also can influence taste and curative effect.Contain Mang geraniol and the vernol of geraniol, the 3-40% of 33-55%, the stearopten of 16-22%, the phenylethyl alcohol of 1.5-2%, the sesquiterpene cycloalcohol of 0.2-2% in the Bulgarian Rose, and some micro-syntheticss.
At present, supercritical CO is mainly adopted in the preparation of plants essential oil
2The lixiviate of technology extraction or chemical solvents.Supercritical fluid extraction (Supercritical Fluid Extraction; SFE) be to utilize the special property that fluid had and the emerging abstraction technique that forms near stagnation point; Its principle is to utilize the dissolving power of supercutical fluid and the relation of its density, promptly utilizes pressure and temperature that the influence of supercutical fluid dissolving power is carried out.Supercritical CO
2Be a kind of fluid that the most often uses, it is neither liquid, neither gas; But possesses the high-density of liquid and the low viscous character of gas; Therefore higher dissolving power and higher diffusion are arranged, can mix fully, contact, bring into play its dissolving power to greatest extent with sample.
Traditional plant essential oil purification process adopts the problem that methods such as low temperature crystallization, fractionation by adsorption, urea clathration all exist needs to use a large amount of organic solvents more, and residual organic solvent can produce detrimentally affect to human body.Remove organic solvent and mainly adopt methods such as rotary distillation, washing, and these all will cause production cost to increase or remove not thorough.Adopt chemical solvents lixiviate plants essential oil, add ethanol again after for example adopting the sherwood oil lixiviate, cold filtration is removed insoluble wax, and cold filtration is removed secondary wax again, and the ethanolic soln concentrating under reduced pressure gets essential oil.Not only use a large amount of organic solvents, and the essential oil fragrance that obtains is relatively poor, color is darker, and yield is lower.
Short-path distillation is a kind of distillating method of under high vacuum, operating, and at this moment the mfp of vapour molecule is greater than the distance between water surface of evaporation and the condensing surface, thereby the difference of each component vaporator rate in the feed liquid capable of using is separated liquid mixture.
Complicated in view of plant-derived essential oil, pufas is prone to oxidation in leaching process, and how the process for extracting of plants essential oil adopts supercritical COs separately at present
2Extraction, the essential oil content that obtains is low, and yield is low, is the method for the Chinese invention patent hypercritical CO 2 extracting Jasmine oil of CN1173531 like publication number, and the time is long, and the essential oil content that obtains is low.For example publication number is a kind of supercritical CO of Chinese invention patent of CN1380380 again
2The method of natural essence oil also is that yield is low in the fluid extraction purification sophora flower, and the essential oil content that obtains is low.Most methods can only be directed against single plant extract plants essential oil at present, extract and develop a kind of various plants essential oil that can both be applicable to fast, and the method that the yield of essential oil is high, content is high is extremely necessary.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fast, the method for extraction plants essential oil that efficient is high.
The present invention provides a kind of method for preparing plants essential oil, and concrete steps comprise:
1) gets raw material, pulverize, place extraction kettle, with supercritical CO
2Fluid is an extraction solvent, and the ethanol that with the volumetric concentration is 55-65% is that entrainment agent carries out supercritical extraction, separates obtaining medicinal extract through separating still; Wherein extraction temperature is 25-38 ℃; Extracting pressure is 15-22Mpa; The extraction time is 1.5-3 hour, and the quality of said raw material (Kg) is 0.2-0.5 with volume (L) ratio of extraction kettle: 1, and the consumption of said entrainment agent (L) is 0.05-0.07 with volume (L) ratio of extraction kettle: 1;
2) medicinal extract of getting step 1) extraction gained places molecular still, under 0.3-0.5Pa, 160-180 ℃ condition, carries out short-path distillation, collects and obtains corresponding plants essential oil.
Raw material described in the step 1) of the present invention is: sweet osmanthus, Flower of Arabian Jasmine, Lysimachia foenum-graecum, the bark of official magnolia, Grosvenor Momordica or passion fruit.
Raw material described in the step 1) of the present invention is drying, described drying specifically can be to dry or other existing method is carried out; The granularity of pulverizing is the 20-60 order.
In the step 1) of the present invention, described extraction temperature is 35 ℃, and extracting pressure is 18Mpa, and the extraction time is 2 hours.
In the step 1) of the present invention, the volume (L) of quality of described raw material (Kg) and extraction kettle is than being preferably 0.3: 1; The volume (L) of consumption of said entrainment agent (L) and extraction kettle is than being preferably 0.05: 1.
Pressure during short-path distillation step 2 of the present invention) is preferably 0.4Pa, temperature is preferably 170 ℃.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
1, the present invention can extract essential oil to various plants;
2, the present invention begins from purification process, reduces or avoid the use of organic solvent;
3, adopt supercritical extraction and short-path distillation to have easy to operate; Have pollution-free, characteristics such as service temperature is low, selectivity good, one step of separation accomplishes, extraction noresidue; Wherein molecular distillation technique still is a kind of efficient, safe liquid-liquid stripping technique, and the combination of these two kinds of technology is fit to suitability for industrialized production; Cost is low, safety;
4, at present a lot of supercritical COs
2The temperature that the fluid extraction plants essential oil adopts is hided at 45-70 ℃, and temperature is high, causes oxidation of fatty acids in the essential oil easily, reduces the quality of essential oil, and the present invention adopts lower temperature operation, can effectively prevent fragrance component oxidation and degraded, keeps the aroma component of plant;
5, adopt method of the present invention, the yield of essential oil is high, and content is high: the essential oil yield of prior art is below 3.5%, and yield of the present invention is more than 7%, and the essential oil content of prior art is about 50%, and essential oil content of the present invention is more than 80%.
Embodiment
With embodiment the present invention is described further below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Supercritical CO
2The method of technology extraction osmanthus essential oil, concrete steps comprise:
1) gets sweet osmanthus after drying, pulverize, cross 60 mesh sieves, place extraction kettle, with supercritical CO
2Fluid is an extraction solvent, is that 55% ethanol is that entrainment agent carries out supercritical extraction with volumetric concentration, separates obtaining medicinal extract through separating still; Wherein extraction temperature is 25 ℃, and extracting pressure is 20Mpa, and the extraction time is 3 hours, and the volume (L) of the quality of said raw material (Kg) and extraction kettle is than being 0.2: 1, and the volume (L) of consumption of said entrainment agent (L) and extraction kettle is than being 0.07: 1;
2) medicinal extract of getting step 1) extraction gained places molecular still, under 0.3Pa, 180 ℃ of conditions, carries out short-path distillation, collect osmanthus essential oil, through gas chromatographic analysis, essential oil content is 82.1%.
Embodiment 2:
Supercritical CO
2The method of technology extraction Flower of Arabian Jasmine essential oil, concrete steps comprise:
1) gets Flower of Arabian Jasmine after drying, pulverize, cross 40 mesh sieves, place extraction kettle, with supercritical CO
2Fluid is an extraction solvent, is that 60% ethanol is that entrainment agent carries out supercritical extraction with volumetric concentration, separates obtaining medicinal extract through separating still; Wherein extraction temperature is 38 ℃, and extracting pressure is 18Mpa, and the extraction time is 2 hours, and the volume (L) of the quality of said raw material (Kg) and extraction kettle is than being 0.5: 1, and the volume (L) of consumption of said entrainment agent (L) and extraction kettle is than being 0.05: 1;
2) medicinal extract of getting step 1) extraction gained places molecular still, under 0.4Pa, 170 ℃ of conditions, carries out short-path distillation, collects and obtains the Flower of Arabian Jasmine essential oil, and through gas chromatographic analysis, essential oil content is 83.5%.
Embodiment 3:
Supercritical CO
2The method of technology extraction Lysimachia foenum-graecum essential oil, concrete steps comprise:
1) gets Lysimachia foenum-graecum after drying, pulverize, cross 40 mesh sieves, place extraction kettle, with supercritical CO
2Fluid is an extraction solvent, is that 65% ethanol is that entrainment agent carries out supercritical extraction with volumetric concentration, separates obtaining medicinal extract through separating still; Wherein extraction temperature is 30 ℃, and extracting pressure is 22Mpa, and the extraction time is 1.5 hours, and the volume (L) of the quality of said raw material (Kg) and extraction kettle is than being 0.4: 1, and the volume (L) of consumption of said entrainment agent (L) and extraction kettle is than being 0.06: 1;
2) medicinal extract of getting step 1) extraction gained places molecular still, under 0.5Pa, 160 ℃ of conditions, carries out short-path distillation, collects and obtains the Lysimachia foenum-graecum essential oil, and through gas chromatographic analysis, essential oil content is 85.0%.
Embodiment 4,
Supercritical CO
2The method of technology extraction bark of official magnolia essential oil, concrete steps comprise:
1) gets the bark of official magnolia after drying, pulverize, cross 40 mesh sieves, place extraction kettle, with supercritical CO
2Fluid is an extraction solvent, is that 60% ethanol is that entrainment agent carries out supercritical extraction with volumetric concentration, separates obtaining medicinal extract through separating still; Wherein extraction temperature is 30 ℃, and extracting pressure is 22Mpa, and the extraction time is 2 hours, and the volume (L) of the quality of said raw material (Kg) and extraction kettle is than being 0.3: 1, and the volume (L) of consumption of said entrainment agent (L) and extraction kettle is than being 0.05: 1;
2) medicinal extract of getting step 1) extraction gained places molecular still, under 0.4Pa, 180 ℃ of conditions, carries out short-path distillation, collects and obtains bark of official magnolia essential oil, and through gas chromatographic analysis, essential oil content is 90.0%.
Embodiment 5,
Supercritical CO
2The method of technology extraction Grosvenor Momordica essential oil, concrete steps comprise:
1) gets Grosvenor Momordica after drying, pulverize, cross 20 mesh sieves, place extraction kettle, with supercritical CO
2Fluid is an extraction solvent, is that 60% ethanol is that entrainment agent carries out supercritical extraction with volumetric concentration, separates obtaining medicinal extract through separating still; Wherein extraction temperature is 35 ℃, and extracting pressure is 22Mpa, and the extraction time is 3 hours, and the volume (L) of the quality of said raw material (Kg) and extraction kettle is than being 0.2: 1, and the volume (L) of consumption of said entrainment agent (L) and extraction kettle is than being 0.05: 1;
2) medicinal extract of getting step 1) extraction gained places molecular still, under 0.4Pa, 180 ℃ of conditions, carries out short-path distillation, collects and obtains the Grosvenor Momordica essential oil, and through gas chromatographic analysis, essential oil content is 88.0%.
Embodiment 6,
Supercritical CO
2The method of technology extraction passion fruit essential oil, concrete steps comprise:
1) gets passion fruit after drying, pulverize, cross 20 mesh sieves, place extraction kettle, with supercritical CO
2Fluid is an extraction solvent, is that 65% ethanol is that entrainment agent carries out supercritical extraction with volumetric concentration, separates obtaining medicinal extract through separating still; Wherein extraction temperature is 25 ℃, and extracting pressure is 22Mpa, and the extraction time is 2.5 hours, and the volume (L) of the quality of said raw material (Kg) and extraction kettle is than being 0.3: 1, and the volume (L) of consumption of said entrainment agent (L) and extraction kettle is than being 0.06: 1;
2) medicinal extract of getting step 1) extraction gained places molecular still, under 0.3Pa, 180 ℃ of conditions, carries out short-path distillation, collects and obtains the passion fruit essential oil, and through gas chromatographic analysis, essential oil content is 83.2%.
Claims (6)
1. method for preparing plants essential oil, concrete steps comprise:
1) gets raw material, pulverize, place extraction kettle, with supercritical CO
2Fluid is an extraction solvent, and the ethanol that with the volumetric concentration is 55-65% is that entrainment agent carries out supercritical extraction, separates obtaining medicinal extract through separating still; Wherein extraction temperature is 25-38 ℃, and extracting pressure is 15-22Mpa, and the extraction time is 1.5-3 hour, and the quality Kg of said raw material is 0.2-0.5 with the volume L ratio of extraction kettle: 1, and the consumption L of said entrainment agent is 0.05-0.07 with the volume L of extraction kettle ratio: 1;
2) medicinal extract of getting step 1) extraction gained places molecular still, under 0.3-0.5Pa, 160-180 ℃ condition, carries out short-path distillation, collects and obtains corresponding plants essential oil.
2. the method for preparing plants essential oil according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 1), described raw material is sweet osmanthus, Flower of Arabian Jasmine, Lysimachia foenum-graecum, the bark of official magnolia, Grosvenor Momordica or passion fruit.
3. the method for preparing plants essential oil according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 1), raw material pulverizing is to the 20-60 order.
4. the method for preparing plants essential oil according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 1), extraction temperature is 35 ℃, and extracting pressure is 18Mpa, and the extraction time is 2 hours.
5. the method for preparing plants essential oil according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 1), the quality Kg of said raw material is 0.3: 1 with the volume L ratio of extraction kettle, and the consumption L of said entrainment agent is 0.05: 1 with the volume L ratio of extraction kettle.
6. the method for preparing plants essential oil according to claim 1 is characterized in that: step 2) in, the pressure when carrying out short-path distillation is that 0.4Pa, temperature are 170 ℃.
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