CN102944764A - Device for measuring dynamic change of friction static electricity and friction property of insulating material - Google Patents
Device for measuring dynamic change of friction static electricity and friction property of insulating material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102944764A CN102944764A CN2012105089046A CN201210508904A CN102944764A CN 102944764 A CN102944764 A CN 102944764A CN 2012105089046 A CN2012105089046 A CN 2012105089046A CN 201210508904 A CN201210508904 A CN 201210508904A CN 102944764 A CN102944764 A CN 102944764A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring dynamic change of friction static electricity and friction property of an insulating material. An electrostatic potential sensing head (1) of a vibration capacitance type electrometer (4) is horizontally placed on a friction abrasion test machine (27) which rotates horizontally, so as to monitor the dynamic change of the friction electrostatic potential of a working surface of a sample (18) to be tested, and lay a signal into a computer; a friction sensor (12) is connected in the tangential direction of a loading sleeve rod (11), and is used for inputting an obtained friction signal of the sample (18) to be tested into the computer through a friction transmission line (13); the temperature change of the working surface of the sample (18) to be tested can be monitored; a glass sealing shade (37) is installed on a base disc (35) through a sealing groove (36); and the sealing groove (36) ensures that the good air tightness between the glass shade (37) and the base disc (35) is achieved. A test platform for accurate measurement is provided for revealing the principle of electrification by friction and analyzing the influencing factor of the friction electrostatic potential of the insulating material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to can be (such as sliding friction or rolling friction under the differentiated friction form of friction pair or contact form; Point contact, face contact or line contact), (P is plus load under the different PV value, V is speed), measure the device of frictional static gesture, friction factor and the in time dynamic change of friction surface temperature of insulating material, the in particular a kind of device that can under the Various Complex condition, measure insulating material frictional static and the variation of frictional behaviour dynamic state of parameters in different humidity and different temperatures atmosphere and the varying environment medium under the Various Complex coupling conditions such as (atmosphere, vacuum, oxygen, inert gases etc.).
Background technology
When bi-material after contact, friction and again separating, will be with than just (or negative) electric charge excessive before contact, the friction on each material, thisly object is called with the process of electric charge electrify.Electrification by friction and contact electrification are the electrostatic phenomenons that people know, and be especially common for insulating material.In production, processing and the use procedure of insulating material, the contact of identical or different material and friction are very general.Because the resistivity of insulating material is generally higher, in case be with static, just be difficult to eliminate.Gathering of these electric charges may cause very large harm, as pharmaceutically drawing dirt, drawing bacterium; Cause the electricity accident of quivering on the medical operating; Cause fire, blast on mine, the petrochemical complex; Cause that in electronics industry integrated circuit destroys; Cause fibril aggregation etc. in weaving.It is reported that U.S.'s electronics industry every year just reaches more than 10,000,000,000 dollars because of the loss that electrostatic charging or discharge cause, the annual growth of the market demand of antistatic product reaches 15%～20%.The loss that the petrochemical enterprise in China electrostatic accident produces is up to more than 1,000,000 yuan, so the control of static has caused people's generally attention.
Yet things always has its dual character, and static is not only the important cause that causes disaster, also can be used for promoting the well-being of mankind.Restricted its application although play easily this specific character of static such as the very high polymeric material of resistivity in a lot of occasions, if but can reasonably utilize these electrostatic interactions and physical phenomenon, then can make multiple product according to electrostatic principle, utilize static to promote the well-being of mankind.
Although at present people done the lot of experiments attempt the essence of electrostatic electrification with by touching or physics, the chemical property of the object that rubs connect, the explanation that so far object is played electrical phenomena is imperfection very still.This is because electrification by friction is relevant with many factors, all can bring impact to electron work functon such as the distance between the rubbing surface and state (roughness, impurity, contain wet layer thickness etc.), the character (such as impurity, free charge and external electric field etc. in humidity, temperature, the air) that is in contact with one another character, friction factor, friction velocity, pressure and surrounding medium between object.And electrification by friction is not only relevant with the structure of insulating material, and is still relevant with remaining monomer, catalyzer, impurity etc.In the face of so complicated influence factor, the research of insulating material frictional static is necessary the dynamic change situation in more concern experimentations very much, and the conditioning each other and affect of the frictional static of research material and its process of friction and wear, therefore, the most important condition of research insulating material frictional static is to possess a kind of dynamic change that can measure its frictional static, and the device that extraneous experiment condition (controlled such as impurity, free charge and external electric field etc. in humidity, temperature, the air, the contact form of friction pair, speed and plus load are adjustable) can change.
According to the principle of friction generation static, can reflect two rear the most direct methods of institute's static electrification size of objects friction, be exactly to measure electrostatic charge or the electrostatic potential that the rear body surface of friction is stored.But the testing apparatus of domestic goods can only be accomplished the single measurement quantities of charge at present, owing to there is the saturated shortcoming of quantities of charge, need again just can again measure after the discharge, can't realize the requirement of continuous coverage quantities of charge, therefore can not be directly used in the detection of dynamic of electrostatic charge quantity behind the electrification by friction, such as: the Faraday cylinder instrument is each measure before the charge quantity measuring device must zero clearing.Also not yet search out in the world at present other applicable professional equipment, only have the people such as R.J.K.Wood (monitoring of the static charge of bearing steel under dry sliding friction. wearing and tearing, 2003,255:430-443. and the feasibility study of the constellation of diesel fuel lubricity adjuvant and oil smoke is identified in the monitoring that utilizes static charge. International Tribology, 2006,39:1564-1575.) utilizing static charge to detect the electrostatic charge dynamic monitoring equipment of mentioning their autonomous Design in the research report of initial wear of prediction metal.The people such as Tang Jun (patent of invention number 03117847.2) disclose a kind of method of utilizing frictional static measuring metallic materials polishing machine.Yet, the frictional static gesture signal that produces between the metallic rubbing pairs is very faint, usually only have several microvolt sizes, and between the insulating material or the frictional static gesture that produces between insulating material and the metal up to several hectovolts and even volt up to ten thousand, so the less kinetic measurement that is not suitable for insulating material frictional static gesture of this equipment range.The people such as Ai Dongliang (patent of invention number 200820213813.9) have designed a kind of automatic friction electrostatic voltage tester, but this equipment is straight reciprocating motion, the voltage induced head can only be with the in the same way displacement of identical track with friction head, this just means the electromotive force of the fresh friction surface of induction that the voltage induced head can only be interrupted in motion process, when the voltage induced head is in the motion of the direction of back in front when friction head, the voltage induced head can be sensed the electromotive force on the fresh friction surface of sample, but during subsequently reverse direction motion, what the voltage induced head was corresponding is the sample surfaces (not having charge accumulated) that does not rub, in such alternation process, certainly will affect the measurement of frictional static voltage, and we test in the process of designing apparatus on this question, discovery is when the friction cut, and the instantaneous frictional static gesture that records descends to some extent.Therefore, we think in the measurement of frictional static gesture, select the to-and-fro movement meeting to affect the accuracy of frictional static gesture test result, flat circle ring type movement locus is selected in recommendation, what make that the static voltage inductive head continues to sense is the fresh friction surface of detected materials, and this mode of motion is convenient to set the experiment condition of Various Complex.Also have, the device rate of this patent selects to only have two grades, scope is on the low side, therefore measurement and the research of the wide scope under can't carrying out from the temperate condition to harsh conditions or the frictional static gesture of complex condition are investigated extraneous experiment condition the impact research of material friction electrostatic potential are had certain limitation.That select during the electrostatic test of state's inner evaluation textile at present in addition, is GB GB/T 12703-91.Although GB/T 12703-91 can tentatively investigate maximum friction static voltage and the static charge of weaving face fabric, but exist equally the voltage induced electrode can only sense the shortcoming of interrupted friction static voltage, this alternation induction has a strong impact on the accuracy that friction static voltage is measured; Thereby also exist in addition because the simple and easy research that can't realize that friction pair contact form, PV value and surrounding medium intersect of device.Therefore, utilize the frictional static mechanism of this equipment research material obviously to be difficult to be competent at.Other standard such as SJ/T 10694-1996 and FZ/T 01061-1999 not only exist the shortcoming same with the said equipment, and SJ/T 10694-1996 adopts artificial unidirectional friction and artificial reading, can't realize especially the purpose of Obtaining Accurate friction static voltage.The people such as Zhang Guozhen have designed a kind of friction wear testing machine that can be used for the contact of ball-disc type (patent of invention number 200720104137.7) and a kind of friction and wear tester that can be used for vacuum and low temperature environment (patent of invention number 200720149289.9), but this equipment is not measured the function of friction static voltage or static charge, only have the single a kind of fricting movement mode of steel ball-dish sliding friction, also do not measure the function that the friction surface temperature dynamic changes.As everyone knows, the friction factor of rolling friction and rate of wear are extremely low, and compare with sliding friction, and rolling friction has its singularity, but still do not have at present both at home and abroad to measure the equipment of dynamic change of the frictional static gesture of material under the rolling friction, not have to find relevant Research Literature report yet.And no matter be rolling friction or sliding friction, speed and load (PV value), humidity and temperature atmosphere and surrounding medium (atmosphere, vacuum, oxygen, inert gas etc.) variation will be to the chemical constitution of material, physicochemical property and electronics are overflowed and are impacted, this also will be reflected in the variation of the frictional static gesture of material and tribological property, but still do not find both at home and abroad at present under different PV values and surrounding medium, to measure the equipment of the dynamic change of insulating material frictional static gesture, and the frictional static gesture of material and its tribological property are closely bound up, therefore, must associate with its tribological property when the electrification by friction mechanism of research material and analyze, this just has higher requirement to the multifunction of equipment.In addition, at present commercially available conventional frictional testing machine, not only can't realize the transition experiment of the ball-contact slide friction of making an inventory, bolt-card contact slide friction, rolling friction, the more important thing is the function of not measuring friction static voltage or static charge, also do not measure the function that the friction surface temperature dynamic changes.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of can be (such as sliding friction or rolling friction under the differentiated friction form of friction pair or contact form; Point contact, face contact or line contact), (P is plus load under the different PV value, V is speed), measure device and the design concept thereof of frictional static gesture, friction factor and the in time dynamic change of friction surface temperature of insulating material, the problems referred to above that exist to overcome existing testing machine in different humidity and different temperatures atmosphere and the varying environment medium under the Various Complex coupling conditions such as (atmosphere, vacuum, oxygen, inert gases etc.).
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of device of measuring insulating material frictional static and the variation of frictional behaviour dynamic state of parameters is at the electrostatic potential inductive head (1) of the upper horizontal positioned capacitance-type vibration formula electrometer (4) of the friction wear testing machine that horizontally rotates (27); Friction force sensor (12) is connected on the tangential direction that loads loop bar (11), and the friction force signal input computing machine of the testing sample (18) that friction force sensor (12) is obtained by friction force transmission line (13), through the conversion of A/D data collecting card (5) the friction force signal is obtained the friction factor change curve by computing; Glass capsulation cover (37) is installed in the upper seal groove (36) in chassis (35) by seal groove (36) and guarantees that cloche (37) and chassis (35) reach good airtight; The upper junction block (38) of installing in chassis (35); Also have air hole (39) on the chassis (35), be used for being connected 40 with vacuum-pumping tube), adscititious gases snorkel (41), water flowing steam pipe (42) directly connect, thereby realization is to the control of different humidity and varying environment medium; Steel ball (16) is put into steel ball fixture (15), compresses and fixing by fixing loop bar (14), and fixedly loop bar (14) with load loop bar (11) and be threaded connection; Until the temperature variation of steel ball (16) in the sliding friction process measured on the surface of steel ball (16), the signal that thermopair (9) obtains is by thermopair transmission line (10) input computing machine in the loading loop bar (11) that thermopair (9) insertion is hollow.
Described device, fixedly be replaced by steel bolt anchor clamps (19) after the dismounting of loop bar (14) and steel ball fixture (15), an end that steel bolt (21) is processed into the conical surface inserts in the steel bolt anchor clamps (19), by the first clamp nut on the steel bolt anchor clamps ((20)) steel bolt (21) is compressed and fixes, steel bolt anchor clamps (19) are threaded connection with loading loop bar (11); Thermopair (9) is inserted in the hollow loading loop bar (11) until the upper surface of steel bolt (21) is measured the temperature variation of steel bolt (21) in the sliding friction process.
Described device, fixedly be replaced by retainer anchor clamps (22), the second clamp nut (23) and ball-bearing retainer (24) after the dismounting of loop bar (14) and steel ball fixture (15), ball bearing (25) is installed in the ball-bearing retainer (24), use again the second clamp nut (23) that retainer (24) and retainer anchor clamps (22) are fixed up, then retainer anchor clamps (22) are installed on the loading loop bar (11); Measure the temperature variation of ball bearing (25) in the sliding friction process in the axis with thermopair (9) insertion ball bearing (25), the signal that thermopair (9) obtains is processed temperature signal through the conversion of A/D data collecting card (5) by transmission line (10) input computing machine and is obtained Excel file, Word document and JPEG picture by software.
Described device, the diameter of described electrostatic potential inductive head (1) are Φ 10～40 mm, and the diameter range of described steel ball (16) is Φ 1～10mm, and the diameter of electrostatic potential inductive head (1) is more than 1 times of testing sample polishing scratch (17) track width.
Described device, but by the distance that the anchor clamps (2) on the Magnetic gauge stand (6) that is installed in folding are regulated electrostatic potential inductive head (1) and friction wear testing machine workbench (26), the signal that electrostatic potential inductive head (1) obtains is processed the electrostatic potential signal through the conversion of A/D data collecting card (5) by transmission line (3) input computing machine and is obtained Excel file, Word document and JPEG picture by software.
Described device, the measurement range of described capacitance-type vibration formula electrometer (4) be 0～± 1999V, display resolution ± 1/2000, minimum display resolution can reach 1V, and accuracy is better than 2% reading ± 1.
Described device, weight tray (7) is fixed together by screw thread and nut with loading loop bar (11), and plus load is realized counterweight loading range: 10g～2000g, precision 0.1g by loading counterweight (8) at weight tray (7).
Described device, at testing sample polishing scratch (17) top of testing sample parallel placement electrostatic potential inductive head (1), characterize relative size and the electrically charged polarity of the rear institute of object friction static electrification amount by the frictional static gesture of instant measurement testing sample polishing scratch (17) at the fixed range place.
Described device, testing sample (18) is fixed on the workbench (26), the rotational speed of friction wear testing machine (27) control testing sample (18), the range of speeds be 1 turn/min～3000 turn/min, precision ± 1 turns, and test operation adopts keyboard operation and microcomputer control.
Described device, select to tighten radius of turn gib screw (32) behind the grinding defect diameter by radius of turn adjusting knob (31), testing sample (18) then is installed, can make loading beam (30) move up and down to guarantee that the working surface of the bottom of steel ball (16) and testing sample (18) is on same surface level by rotating loading beam lift adjustment runner (33), tighten loading beam lifting gib screw (34) and loading beam dog screw (28) to guarantee the stationarity of frictional wear experiment, fixedly behind the loading beam (30), loading beam counterpoise (29) is regulated in rotation does not have contact between steel ball (16) and the testing sample (18) before to guarantee to add counterweight (8).
The present invention is at the movement characteristic that has taken into full account various frictional testing machines, guarantee Measurement accuracy and control on the basis of its test environment medium, selected frictional testing machine that desk-type small horizontally rotates as the basic test machine, design has increased the monitoring function of the frictional static gesture dynamic change of insulating material, the measurement function that the friction surface temperature dynamic changes, detachable and the conversion of the anchor clamps of sliding friction and rolling friction and chuck, the conversion of the different contact forms of friction pair, (atmosphere in varying environment humidity and different temperatures atmosphere and the different medium, vacuum, oxygen, inert gas etc.) selection, the combination of these contents and function is that domestic and international any testing machine does not possess at present, nor can just simply transform and can realize at existing commodity frictional testing machine.Especially significant is, wherein the monitoring function of frictional static gesture dynamic change is proposed first by the present invention, not yet sees any have other commodity machine of this function or the report of model machine at present.And the dynamic change of the material friction electrostatic potential under different friction mode (sliding friction and rolling friction) of deriving thus, different contact forms (some contact at friction pair, face contact or line contact) under the dynamic change of material friction electrostatic potential, and varying environment atmosphere (atmosphere, vacuum, oxygen, the dynamic change of the material friction electrostatic potential inert gas etc.), the present invention can realize the purpose of its monitoring, and the present report of not yet seeing correlative study and equipment at home and abroad, this is the maximum characteristics that the present invention is different from miscellaneous equipment fully.
Different humidity and different temperatures atmosphere and varying environment Media Ratio such as atmosphere, vacuum, oxygen, inert gas etc., that the frictional static of material or friction factor and rate of wear and friction surface temperature are all had significant impact, tracing it to its cause is that electron emission, electric charge effusion and the ion-transfer that these external environment factors will cause material surface in the friction process changes, thereby has caused the obvious change of above-mentioned macro property.Therefore, the present invention's design is installed in the small friction testing machine in the seal glass cover that can remove, the chassis is the aluminium sheet that has seal groove, seal groove guarantees that cloche and chassis reach good airtight, interface is housed so that the access of various transmission line and power lead at aluminium sheet, realizes control to different humidity and varying environment medium thereby also have gas port on the aluminium sheet in order to the four-way air valve is installed.Such design can not only guarantee that the researchist can freely select the combination of multiple environment and guarantee good impermeability, therefore, can be used for investigating different humidity atmosphere and varying environment medium to the frictional static gesture of material and the impact of frictional behaviour dynamic state of parameters variation.Consider that in addition humidity is on the impact of the accessory of frictional testing machine in the experimentation, we advise adopting stainless steel processing accessory.Therefore, this function of the present invention also is that commodity or the model machine of at present other frictional testing machine and electrostatic test equipment is not available.
The present invention is according to principle and the method for electrostatic measurement, and the frictional static gesture signal of capacitance-type vibration formula electrometer acquisition and processing insulating material is adopted in design, and range reaches as high as volts up to ten thousand.Because in the world advanced person's the capacitance-type vibration modulation technique that this equipment adopts has overcome present direct current and has amplified the accumulative total drifting problem of electrometer in long-time measuring process; The unique prime amplifying technique that adopts, also can be accurately in the charged ion environment long on-line continuous monitoring electrostatic potential, even also can work at large, the dusty environment of air humidity.Therefore, the collection that capacitance-type vibration formula electrometer can be continuous or detect the measured material surface frictional static gesture signal and without zero clearing.It is the frictional static gesture signal of the capacitance-type vibration formula electrometer acquisition and processing sample of EST120 that the present invention adopts model, and the input computing machine is converted to the frictional static signal change curve of frictional static gesture by computing through the A/D data collecting card.
Consider the kind of drive of tester for friction between and the contact form of friction pair, in order to guarantee frictional static gesture, friction factor and the heat of friction Stability and veracity in the actual measurement process of material, the present invention is chosen in just a distance, the fresh frictional plane top parallel placement electrostatic potential sensor after rubbing, and characterizes relative size and the electrically charged polarity of institute's static electrification amount after the object friction by the frictional static gesture of instant measurement sample friction surface at the fixed range place.Select flat circle ring type movement locus, what make that the static voltage inductive head senses all the time is the fresh friction surface of detected materials, and can set the experiment condition of Various Complex.
The device that can under the Various Complex condition, measure insulating material frictional static and the variation of frictional behaviour dynamic state of parameters of the present invention.Advantage of the present invention is: 1. this equipment is the device that can monitor simultaneously insulating material frictional static and the variation of frictional behaviour dynamic state of parameters under the Various Complex condition of at present first design both at home and abroad.2. the selectable range of extraneous experiment condition is wide, and can carry out different combinations according to real needs, can carry out the experiment under the Various Complex coupling condition.3. the measurement range of friction static voltage is wide in range, from zero volt to volts up to ten thousand, with the electrification by friction monitoring and measuring application that is applicable to carry out from insulating material-conductive material wide region.4. the electrostatic potential sensor is corresponding all the time is the fresh friction track of test material, has guaranteed the Measurement accuracy of frictional static gesture signal and obtains.
The present invention will for the electrification by friction mechanism that discloses insulating material and the influence factor of analyzing its frictional static gesture provide one can Measurement accuracy experiment porch.Result of study is not only so that electric field and electron emission that continuation exploration friction process is induced have had good theory and practice point of penetration, also will expand the tribology research space of insulating material, and can for the foundation of the electrification by friction theoretical frame of polymeric material and frictional static prevent and utilization provides some significant job guides.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the device synoptic diagram of monitoring insulating material frictional static gesture and the variation of tribological property dynamic state of parameters under the ball-contact slide friction type of making an inventory;
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the device synoptic diagram of monitoring insulating material frictional static gesture and the variation of tribological property dynamic state of parameters under bolt-card contact slide friction type;
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the device synoptic diagram of monitoring insulating material frictional static gesture and the variation of tribological property dynamic state of parameters under ball bearing-dish line touch scrolling friction type;
Fig. 6 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 5.
1 electrostatic potential inductive head, 2 anchor clamps, 3 transmission lines, 4 capacitance-type vibration formula electrometers, 5 A/D data collecting cards (being installed in the main frame), 6 Magnetic gauge stands, 7 weight trays, 8 counterweights, 9 thermopairs, 10 thermopair transmission lines, 11 load loop bar (interpolation thermopair), 12 friction force sensors, 13 friction force transmission lines, 14 fixing loop bars (interpolation thermopair), 15 steel ball fixtures, 16 steel balls, 17 testing sample polishing scratch, 18 testing samples, 19 steel bolt anchor clamps (interpolation thermopair), 20 first clamp nuts, 21 steel bolts, 22 retainer anchor clamps, 23 second clamp nuts, 24 ball-bearing retainers, 25 ball bearing, 26 workbenches, 27 friction wear testing machines, 28 loading beam dog screws, 29 loading beam counterpoises, 30 loading beams, 31 radius of turn adjusting knobs, 32 radius of turn gib screws, 33 loading beam lift adjustment runners, 34 loading beam lifting gib screws, 35 chassis, 36 seal grooves, 37 glass capsulation covers, 38 junction blocks, 39 chassis air holes, 40 vacuum-pumping tubes, 41 adscititious gases snorkels (logical oxygen, inert gas etc.), 42 water flowing steam pipes.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the electrostatic potential inductive head 1 of this example horizontal positioned capacitance-type vibration formula electrometer 4 on the friction wear testing machine 27 that horizontally rotates, but by the distance that the anchor clamps 2 on the Magnetic gauge stand 6 that is installed in folding are arbitrarily regulated electrostatic potential inductive head 1 and friction wear testing machine workbench 26, the signal that electrostatic potential inductive head 1 obtains is processed the electrostatic potential signal through the conversion of A/D data collecting card 5 by transmission line 3 input computing machines and is obtained Excel file, Word document and JPEG picture by software.
The measurement range of capacitance-type vibration formula electrometer 4 is 0～± 1999V, display resolution ± 1/2000, minimum display resolution can reach 1V, and accuracy is better than 2% reading ± 1.In the world advanced person's the capacitance-type vibration modulation technique that capacitance-type vibration formula electrometer 4 adopts has overcome present direct current and has amplified the accumulative total drifting problem of electrometer in long-time measuring process; The unique prime amplifying technique that adopts, also can be accurately in the charged ion environment long on-line continuous monitoring electrostatic potential, even also can work at large, the dusty environment of air humidity.Therefore, this example can gather continuously or detect testing sample polishing scratch 17(wearing and tearing an object and another solid, mating plate liquid or gas come in contact with relative motion in, the process that the surfacing that causes owing to mechanical effect constantly loses, and wearing and tearing are the progressive dynamic processes with time varying characteristic, and polishing scratch is exactly the wear track that the working surface of testing sample forms in friction process) the frictional static gesture signal on surface and without zero clearing.
This example is chosen in testing sample polishing scratch 17 tops parallel placement electrostatic potential inductive head 1, characterizes relative size and the electrically charged polarity of the rear institute of object friction static electrification amount by the frictional static gesture of instant measurement testing sample polishing scratch 17 at the fixed range place.The diameter of this example electrostatic potential inductive head 1 is Φ 10～40 mm, the diameter range of steel ball 16 is Φ 1～10mm, the diameter of electrostatic potential inductive head 1 should be more than 1 times of testing sample polishing scratch 17 track widths, and this will be of value to and reduce between polishing scratch track and the electrostatic potential inductive head in charge transfer process because the measuring error that edge effect causes.Testing sample polishing scratch 17 tracks are planar circulars, and the annulus width is relevant with wear extent, and the wear extent of the wider then testing sample of annulus width is larger.
This example testing sample 18 is fixed on the workbench 26, the rotational speed of friction wear testing machine 27 control testing samples 18, the range of speeds be 1 turn/min～3000 turn/min, precision ± 1 turns, test operation adopts keyboard operation and microcomputer control.
Select to tighten radius of turn gib screw 32 behind the grinding defect diameter by radius of turn adjusting knob 31, then testing sample 18 is installed, can make loading beam 30 move up and down to guarantee that the working surface of the bottom of steel ball 16 and testing sample 18 is on same surface level by rotating loading beam lift adjustment runner 33, tighten loading beam lifting gib screw 34 and loading beam dog screw 28 to guarantee the stationarity of frictional wear experiment, fixedly behind the loading beam 30, loading beam counterpoise 29 is regulated in rotation does not have contact to guarantee to add before the counterweight 8 between the steel ball 16 and testing sample 18.
Measurement mechanism shown in Figure 1 is installed in the glass capsulation cover 37 that can remove, and chassis 35 is the aluminium sheets that have seal groove 36, and seal groove 36 guarantees that cloches 37 and chassis 35 reach good airtight.35 junction blocks 38 of installing not only can make things convenient for the access of various transmission lines and power lead on the chassis, and can guarantee that glass capsulation cover 37 interior impermeability are good.Also have air hole 39 on the chassis 35 so as to be connected with vacuum-pumping tube, adscititious gases snorkel 41, water flowing steam pipe 42 directly connect, thereby realize the control to different humidity and varying environment medium.Such design can not only guarantee that the researchist can freely select the combination of multiple environment, and has guaranteed good impermeability.Therefore, can be used for investigating different humidity atmosphere and varying environment medium (such as atmosphere, vacuum, oxygen, inert gas, methane, hydrogen etc.) to the frictional static gesture of material and the impact of frictional behaviour dynamic state of parameters variation, the humidity of experimental situation can be regulated by adding drying agent or pass into water vapor in seal glass cover 37.Consider that in addition humidity is on the impact of the accessory of frictional testing machine in the experimentation, stainless steel processing accessory is adopted in suggestion.
Using method and the working specification of this example apparatus are as follows:
1, checks and all attaching plugs and the transmission line that are connected instrument.Respectively power lead and the transmission line 13 of friction force, the transmission line 3 of electrostatic potential, the transmission line 10 of thermopair of friction wear testing machine 27 are connected to outside the glass capsulation cover by the junction block 38 on the chassis 35, transmission line 3, thermopair transmission line 10 and friction force transmission line are connected with main frame in A/D data collecting card 5 be connected.
2, start: open the power control switch of computer cabinet rear panel, open computer power supply, enter the WINDOWS interface, preheating 20 minutes.Then click desktop testing software icon, enter MS-T3000 friction and wear tester master interface.Click required method of testing and can enter the test operation interface, comprise spin friction test, static friction test, spin friction humid test, four method of testings of static friction temperature test, these four method of testings can freely be selected according to actual needs.What below describe in detail is the concrete operations rules of clicking after " static friction temperature ", and the user can delete corresponding operation steps as required.
3, friction temperature test: thermopair 9 is inserted in the hollow loading loop bar 11 until the temperature variation of steel ball 16 in the sliding friction process measured on the surface of steel ball 16, the signal that thermopair 9 obtains is processed temperature signal through the conversion of A/D data collecting card 5 by thermopair transmission line 10 input computing machines and is obtained Excel file, Word document and JPEG picture by software, and on the display interfaces of computing machine the real-time time dependent curve of displays temperature.
4, frictional static test: connecting line one end of capacitance-type vibration formula electrometer 4 is inserted the Probe input end of electrometer, and it is interior that the other end and the A/D data collecting card 5(of computing machine are installed in main frame) be connected, power lead connects the 220V socket.Electrostatic potential inductive head 1 usefulness anchor clamps 2 are fixed on the Magnetic gauge stand 6, be positioned at workbench 26 sides of friction wear testing machine 27, electrostatic potential inductive head 1 is adjusted to testing sample polishing scratch 17 tops, the distance of the working surface of electrostatic potential inductive head 1 bottom and testing sample 18 is determined as required, General Requirements is greater than 10mm, otherwise breakdown current gesture inductive head 1 causes damage easily.
5, frictional wear experiment:
5.1 steel ball 16 is put into steel ball fixture 15, by fixing loop bar 14(interpolation thermopair) compress and fixing, and fixedly loop bar (interpolation thermopair) 14 with load loop bar 11 and be threaded connection.Select to tighten radius of turn gib screw 32 behind the grinding defect diameter by radius of turn adjusting knob 31, then testing sample 18 is installed, can make loading beam 30 move up and down to guarantee that the working surface of the bottom of steel ball 16 and testing sample 18 is on same surface level by rotating loading beam lift adjustment runner 33, tighten loading beam lifting gib screw 34 and loading beam dog screw 28 to guarantee the stationarity of frictional wear experiment, fixedly behind the loading beam 30, loading beam counterpoise 29 is regulated in rotation does not have contact to guarantee to add before the counterweight 8 between the steel ball 16 and testing sample 18.
5.2 turn on loading beam dog screw 28 and loading beam lifting gib screw 34, loading beam 30 is rotated counterclockwise about 45 °, testing sample 18 is screwed on workbench 26, by rotating working surface that loading beam lift adjustment runner 33 makes bottom that loading beam 30 moves up and down to guarantee steel ball 16 and testing sample 18 on same surface level, tighten loading beam lifting gib screw 34 and loading beam dog screw 28 with the stationarity of assurance frictional wear experiment.The diameter range of testing sample 18 is 20mm-140mm.
5.3 as need to change the measurement radius of testing sample polishing scratch 17, can select grinding defect diameters by radius of turn adjusting knob 31, be transferred to required radius after, tighten radius of turn gib screw 32.
5.4 loading beam 30 is turned to initial position, be adjusted to by loading beam counterpoise 29 that to load loop bar 11 unsettled, there is not contact to guarantee to add before the counterweight 8 between the steel ball 16 and testing sample 18.Then 29 pairs of loading beam counterpoises are revolved lockedly, tighten loading beam dog screw 28 and loading beam gib screw 31.
5.5 manual rotation testing sample 18 or set rotating speed at 10 rev/mins is gently executed tangential force, below electrostatic potential inductive head 1, whether frictional experiment is steady for the pressure head that checks steel ball 16.Then, use absolute ethyl alcohol that the removing surface of testing sample 18 is clean.
5.6 under light condition, the working surface of testing sample 18 is separated with the pressure head of steel ball 16, setting rotating speed is 10 rev/mins, and friction force is adjusted to zero, the friction force zeroing knob of computer host front panel is accurate to behind the radix point three.If need repeatedly measure the test specimen of this testing sample 18, then adopt automatic zero set (AZS) from the first time behind the hand reset, can click " friction force zeroing " button of software interface.
5.7 add counterweight 8 at weight tray 7; then in the software interface of graphoscope, input successively sample number into spectrum, title material, test load, test period, measurement radius, speed setting (the required rotating speed of input test in " speed setting " hurdle with keyboard; get final product by " determining "), friction factor protection value setting (double-click " setting of friction factor protection value ", the numerical value of inputting required protection gets final product).
6, change experimental situation condition (vacuum or other atmospheric conditions): after in the seal groove 36 on chassis 35, smearing vacuum grease packing ring is put into seal groove 36, smear vacuum grease in one week of washer face again, after guaranteeing covering glass capsulation cover 37, can guarantee good impermeability.Then add a cover glass capsulation cover 37, close the air valve of adscititious gases snorkel 41 and the air valve of water flowing steam pipe 42, open the air valve of vacuum-pumping tube 40, vacuum pump connects electricity, begins to vacuumize.When treating that vacuum meter is shown as 0.7 ~ 0.8MPa or tests required vacuum tightness, can carry out the vacuum frictional wear experiment or close vacuum-pumping tube 40 air valves, pass into desired gas (oxygen, inert gas, methane, hydrogen etc.) from adscititious gases snorkel 41.Aforesaid operations one is to twice repeatedly.If need to increase humidity, can introduce water vapor from water flowing steam pipe 42, humidity can be regulated in experimental requirement.
7, above operation determine errorless after, by " restarting ", press again START button, instrument enters experimental test, status bar demonstration " on-test ".
8, preservation data: after test period arrived, instrument can stop automatically, and that clicks the interface jumps out " off-test " frame, by " determining ".As want save data by " save data ", and jump out data store path frame, the Selective storage path, newly-built corresponding folder stores data under the selected path into.
9, print: as want selection result to print, to click " printing ", printer will print test result.
10, reading out data: click " reading out data ", jump out the data routing frame, data routing and Data Filename that selection will be read are double-clicked or by " determining ", screen namely accesses the data and curves of storing.
11, restart: by " cls ", screen begins new operation with cls.
12, automatically preserve: choosing check box, during non-artificial stopping, according to priority be sample number into spectrum, title material preservation test figure in the middle of process of the test.
13, withdraw from: as not carrying out any operation, press " withdrawing from " key, then be withdrawn into the WINDOWS master menu.
14, " ↑ " key on the keypad, curve is seen in segmentation; Press " ↓ " key and see that curve is whole; By " ← " screen that moves to right; By " → " screen that moves to left.
15, after the off-test, at first close capacitance-type vibration formula electrometer, in order to avoid in the process of materialsing, cause the electrostatic potential inductive head breakdown.Next turns on loading beam dog screw 28 and loading beam gib screw 31, and loading beam 30 is rotated counterclockwise about 45 °, and testing sample 18 is taken off from workbench 26, and steel ball 16 is taken off from steel ball fixture 15.Then with loading beam 30 playback, tighten loading beam dog screw 28 and loading beam gib screw 31.
16, close the motor switch of friction wear testing machine 27, then shut down computer, the cabinet rear panel gauge tap of shutting down computer is cut off the computing machine primary power.Finish experiment.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, this example can change to bolt-card contact slide friction type with the ball-contact slide friction type of making an inventory by dismounting and the conversion of anchor clamps.
Ball-contact slide friction type the (see figure 4) of making an inventory, this example can change to bolt-card contact slide friction type with the ball-contact slide friction type of making an inventory by fixedly being replaced by steel bolt anchor clamps (interpolation thermopair) 19 after loop bar 14 and steel ball fixture 15 dismountings.An end that steel bolt 21 is processed into the conical surface inserts in the steel bolt anchor clamps 19, by the first clamp nut 20 on the steel bolt anchor clamps steel bolt 21 is compressed and fixes, and steel bolt anchor clamps 19 are threaded connection with loading loop bar 11.Thermopair 9 is inserted in the hollow loading loop bar 11 until the upper surface of steel bolt 21 is measured the temperature variation of steel bolt 21 in the sliding friction process.
The diameter of this example electrostatic potential inductive head 1 is Φ 10～40 mm, and the diameter range of steel bolt 21 is Φ 1～10mm.
Select to tighten radius of turn gib screw 32 behind the grinding defect diameter by radius of turn adjusting knob 31, then testing sample 18 is installed, can make loading beam 30 move up and down to guarantee that the working surface of the bottom of steel bolt 21 and testing sample 18 is on same surface level by rotating loading beam lift adjustment runner 33, tighten loading beam lifting gib screw 34 and loading beam dog screw 28 to guarantee the stationarity of frictional wear experiment, fixedly behind the loading beam 30, loading beam counterpoise 29 is regulated in rotation does not have contact to guarantee to add before the counterweight 8 between the steel bolt 21 and testing sample 18.
Such as Fig. 5, Fig. 6, this example can change to the sliding friction form rolling friction form by dismounting and the conversion of anchor clamps.Fig. 6 is ball bearing-dish line touch scrolling friction type, such as Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6, this example can change to the sliding friction form ball bearing-dish line touch scrolling friction type by fixedly being replaced by retainer anchor clamps 22, the second clamp nut 23 and ball-bearing retainer 24 after loop bar (interpolation thermopair) 14 and steel ball fixture 15 or steel bolt anchor clamps (interpolation thermopair) 19 dismountings.Ball bearing 25 is installed in the ball-bearing retainer 24, with the second clamp nut 23 retainer 24 and retainer anchor clamps 22 is fixed up again, then retainer anchor clamps 22 are installed on the loading loop bar 11.Measure the temperature variation of ball bearing 25 in the sliding friction process in the axis with thermopair 9 insertion ball bearing 25, the signal that thermopair 9 obtains is processed temperature signal through the conversion of A/D data collecting card 5 by transmission line 10 input computing machines and is obtained Excel file, Word document and JPEG picture by software.
The diameter of this example electrostatic potential inductive head 1 is Φ 10～40 mm, the width of ball bearing 25＜10 mm.
Select to tighten radius of turn gib screw 32 behind the grinding defect diameter by radius of turn adjusting knob 31, then testing sample 18 is installed, can make loading beam 30 move up and down to guarantee that the working surface of the bottom of ball bearing 25 and testing sample 18 is on same surface level by rotating loading beam lift adjustment runner 33, tighten loading beam lifting gib screw 34 and loading beam dog screw 28 to guarantee the stationarity of frictional wear experiment, fixedly behind the loading beam 30, loading beam counterpoise 29 is regulated in rotation does not have contact to guarantee to add before the counterweight 8 between the ball bearing 25 and testing sample 18.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a device of measuring insulating material frictional static and the variation of frictional behaviour dynamic state of parameters is characterized in that, at the electrostatic potential inductive head (1) of the upper horizontal positioned capacitance-type vibration formula electrometer (4) of the friction wear testing machine that horizontally rotates (27); Friction force sensor (12) is connected on the tangential direction that loads loop bar (11), and the friction force signal input computing machine of the testing sample (18) that friction force sensor (12) is obtained by friction force transmission line (13), through the conversion of A/D data collecting card (5) the friction force signal is obtained the friction factor change curve by computing; Glass capsulation cover (37) is installed in the upper seal groove (36) in chassis (35) by seal groove (36) and guarantees that cloche (37) and chassis (35) reach good airtight; The upper junction block (38) of installing in chassis (35); Also have air hole (39) on the chassis (35), be used for being connected 40 with vacuum-pumping tube), adscititious gases snorkel (41), water flowing steam pipe (42) directly connect, thereby realization is to the control of different humidity and varying environment medium; Steel ball (16) is put into steel ball fixture (15), compresses and fixing by fixing loop bar (14), and fixedly loop bar (14) with load loop bar (11) and be threaded connection; Until the temperature variation of steel ball (16) in the sliding friction process measured on the surface of steel ball (16), the signal that thermopair (9) obtains is by thermopair transmission line (10) input computing machine in the loading loop bar (11) that thermopair (9) insertion is hollow.
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, fixedly be replaced by steel bolt anchor clamps (19) after the dismounting of loop bar (14) and steel ball fixture (15), an end that steel bolt (21) is processed into the conical surface inserts in the steel bolt anchor clamps (19), by the first clamp nut on the steel bolt anchor clamps ((20)) steel bolt (21) is compressed and fixes, steel bolt anchor clamps (19) are threaded connection with loading loop bar (11); Thermopair (9) is inserted in the hollow loading loop bar (11) until the upper surface of steel bolt (21) is measured the temperature variation of steel bolt (21) in the sliding friction process.
3. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, fixedly be replaced by retainer anchor clamps (22), the second clamp nut (23) and ball-bearing retainer (24) after the dismounting of loop bar (14) and steel ball fixture (15), ball bearing (25) is installed in the ball-bearing retainer (24), use again the second clamp nut (23) that retainer (24) and retainer anchor clamps (22) are fixed up, then retainer anchor clamps (22) are installed on the loading loop bar (11); Measure the temperature variation of ball bearing (25) in the sliding friction process in the axis with thermopair (9) insertion ball bearing (25), the signal that thermopair (9) obtains is processed temperature signal through the conversion of A/D data collecting card (5) by transmission line (10) input computing machine and is obtained Excel file, Word document and JPEG picture by software.
4. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the diameter of described electrostatic potential inductive head (1) is Φ 10～40 mm, the diameter range of described steel ball (16) is Φ 1～10mm, the diameter range of steel bolt (21) is Φ 1～10mm, the width of ball bearing (25)＜10 mm, the diameter of electrostatic potential inductive head (1) are more than 1 times of testing sample polishing scratch (17) track width.
5. according to claim 1 to 4 arbitrary described devices, it is characterized in that, but by the distance that the anchor clamps (2) on the Magnetic gauge stand (6) that is installed in folding are regulated electrostatic potential inductive head (1) and friction wear testing machine workbench (26), the signal that electrostatic potential inductive head (1) obtains is processed the electrostatic potential signal through the conversion of A/D data collecting card (5) by transmission line (3) input computing machine and is obtained Excel file, Word document and JPEG picture by software.
6. according to claim 1 to 4 arbitrary described devices, it is characterized in that, the measurement range of described capacitance-type vibration formula electrometer (4) is 0～± 1999V, display resolution ± 1/2000, minimum display resolution can reach 1V, and accuracy is better than 2% reading ± 1.
7. according to claim 1 to 4 arbitrary described devices, it is characterized in that, weight tray (7) is fixed together by screw thread and nut with loading loop bar (11), plus load is realized by loading counterweight (8) at weight tray (7), counterweight loading range: 10g～2000g, precision 0.1g.
8. according to claim 1 to 4 arbitrary described devices, it is characterized in that, at testing sample polishing scratch (17) top of testing sample parallel placement electrostatic potential inductive head (1), characterize relative size and the electrically charged polarity of the rear institute of object friction static electrification amount by the frictional static gesture of instant measurement testing sample polishing scratch (17) at the fixed range place.
9. according to claim 1 to 4 arbitrary described devices, it is characterized in that, testing sample (18) is fixed on the workbench (26), the rotational speed of friction wear testing machine (27) control testing sample (18), the range of speeds be 1 turn/min～3000 turn/min, precision ± 1 turns, and test operation adopts keyboard operation and microcomputer control.
10. according to claim 1 to 4 arbitrary described devices, it is characterized in that, select to tighten radius of turn gib screw (32) behind the grinding defect diameter by radius of turn adjusting knob (31), testing sample (18) then is installed, can make loading beam (30) move up and down to guarantee that the working surface of the bottom of steel ball (16) and testing sample (18) is on same surface level by rotating loading beam lift adjustment runner (33), tighten loading beam lifting gib screw (34) and loading beam dog screw (28) to guarantee the stationarity of frictional wear experiment, fixedly behind the loading beam (30), loading beam counterpoise (29) is regulated in rotation does not have contact between steel ball (16) and the testing sample (18) before to guarantee to add counterweight (8).
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| CN111458575B (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2022-05-27 | 中国兵器工业火***工程与安全技术研究院 | Automatic detection device for spiral conveying saturated electrostatic charge quantity of energetic material |
| CN115356228A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2022-11-18 | 常州艾博格电器有限公司 | Wearability and leakproofness check out test set are used in pencil production |
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