CN102937909B - A kind of method of disposing and upgrading linux system - Google Patents
A kind of method of disposing and upgrading linux system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102937909B CN102937909B CN201210475650.2A CN201210475650A CN102937909B CN 102937909 B CN102937909 B CN 102937909B CN 201210475650 A CN201210475650 A CN 201210475650A CN 102937909 B CN102937909 B CN 102937909B
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Abstract
This application discloses a kind of method of disposing and upgrading linux system, install in first computer system and configuration linux system, and the application program required for installation targets computer system; Linux system boot disk is utilized to start target computer system; Determine the destination media in target computer system, calculate the variance data of the file of file in destination media and first computer system, and variance data is connected by the network between first computer system with target computer system is transferred to destination media from first computer system; Target computer system utilizes the start-up code on destination media to restart target computer system after closing.By application the application scheme, can concentrate, dispose the various running environment based on (SuSE) Linux OS fast, in bulk, maintenance work is alleviated greatly, improve the production efficiency of department.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to computer operating system technical field, particularly relates to a kind of method of disposing and upgrading linux system.
Background technology
Current, along with the propelling of informationization technology, be that enterprise or its hetero-organization all more and more depend on computer system.It is the pacing items ensureing that modern enterprise or organization work are carried out smoothly to the maintenance of computer system.No matter be the upgrading of computer system or otherwise reason, the technical attendant of enterprise or tissue all can be faced with the regular works such as the system of reinstalling, upgrade-system every day.Secondly, for the department of some software developments, except the maintenance work of above type, the more important thing is the consistance safeguarding all research and development departments development environment, make the product developed can ensure the unification of operation platform and stablize.
For needs such as production, exploitation, operations, batch is disposed and upgraded linux system is the item that system manager or system maintenance personnel often run into.How effectively to perform the key that these work then become department improved efficiency.
For deployment or renewal linux system, in prior art, usually there are following three kinds of methods:
First method is disposed by platform successively, is each machine and carries out separately disposing and upgrading.This method is effective for small-scale organization department.But when the computing system related to is too much, reach hundred even thousand, this method then becomes a kind of way of poor efficiency.In order to raise the efficiency, then may need the number or the workload that increase system maintenance personnel.Therefore in human cost, larger increase is had.Secondly, when many people safeguard, too increase the time of linking up with coordinating, therefore may cause increasing manpower but can not the actual problem solving production efficiency simultaneously.Because machine quantity is more, according to the requirement of system conformance, the configuration effort of new system also will be very heavy.Because redeploy every platform computing machine all to need to reconfigure.The shortcoming of this method disposes inefficiency, is not suitable for large-scale system and disposes and safeguard, be only suitable for the maintenance work of minute quantity computer system, and upgrade inconvenient.
Second method is system clone, namely uses system clone vehicle, as Ghost, Clonezilla etc.During deployment, first install on one computer and configure operating system, then using clone vehicle to make operating system mirror image, and then having reduced deployment to executive system on target machine.And when upgrading, then using clone vehicle again to make the system image upgrading rear system, the method the same according to newly-built system upgrades.Therefore clearly, this solves in first method the shortcoming needed by platform configuration device, but its efficiency safeguarded also does not have greatly improved.Clone vehicle adds the complexity of maintenance simultaneously, and each renewal system needs manufacturing system mirror image again, operates comparatively loaded down with trivial details, very inconvenient for system update.
The third is that robotization is disposed.Namely use some automatic deployment instruments, as Kickstart, Cobbler, Puppet, first install and configure robotization deployment tool, formulate automatic deployment rule, then implement to install.It is higher that this mode disposes efficiency, but this kind of automatic deployment instrument is often only applicable to specific Linux issues version, lacks versatility.And install, configuration all more complicated, be difficult to for conventional system managerial personnel use.
Above three kinds of methods carry out system dispose with when upgrading in order to not destroy existing data, also needing when safeguarding these existing data first to move to outside goal systems, waiting and safeguarding and move back original data again successfully.If data volume is huge, consumes the long time by making to dispose with renewal rewards theory, being unfavorable for the maintenance work of lot-size.
Summary of the invention
This application provides a kind of method of disposing and upgrading linux system, can concentrate, dispose the various running environment based on (SuSE) Linux OS fast, in bulk, maintenance work is alleviated greatly, improve the production efficiency of department.
A kind of method of disposing and upgrading linux system that the embodiment of the present application provides, comprising:
A, to install in first computer system and configuration linux system, and the application program required for installation targets computer system;
B, utilize linux system boot disk start target computer system;
C, the destination media determined in target computer system, calculate the variance data of the file of file in destination media and first computer system, and variance data is connected by the network between first computer system with target computer system is transferred to destination media from first computer system;
D, judge the start-up code whether destination media existing operating system, if so, directly perform step e, otherwise, on destination media installing operating system start-up code after perform step e;
E, target computer system utilize destination media to restart target computer system after closing.
Preferably, described linux system boot disk is CD or USB flash disk.
Preferably, steps A comprises further: utilize linux system that first computer system is installed and application program to produce and generate linux system boot disk.
Preferably, calculate described in step C in the step of the variance data of the file in linux system boot disk and the file in destination media and ignore catalogue in predefined Exclude Lists and file.
Preferably, described Exclude Lists comprises the file that dynamically generates and catalogue when linux system runs, and user-defined file and catalogue.
Preferably, step C comprises further: if when there is non-existent file in first computer system in destination media, deleted by described file from destination media.
Preferably, described target computer system is PC, notebook computer, server platform or virtual machine.
Preferably, comprise further after determining the destination media in target computer system described in step C: destination media is formatd and subregion.
Preferably, taking a step forward of step C comprises: be the standard time by the time synchronized of first computer system and target computer system.
As can be seen from the above technical solutions, by utilizing linux system boot disk system to start target computer system, and the file of utilization variance simultaneous techniques synchronous all root file systems from first computer system is on the destination media of target computer system.Owing to employing differential synchronization technology, during for renewal system, only need to transmit the different part of data, therefore for updating maintenance very fast efficient of system.Simultaneously when upgrading, carry out synchronously, therefore significantly reducing maintenance difficulties, accelerating renewal speed to target computer system again after only needing to upgrade first computer system, the deployment of target computer system can multiple stage be carried out with renewal simultaneously, therefore can accelerate to dispose and the efficiency upgraded.Technical scheme is not only applicable to ordinary desktop PC, notebook computer, is applicable to server platform yet, this method also can be used to carry out disposing and upgrade, therefore have good hardware and software platform adaptability for various virtual machine platform.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The deployment that Fig. 1 provides for the application and upgrade the method flow diagram of linux system;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of differential synchronization;
Fig. 3 is that the embodiment of the present application provides specific implementation process flow diagram for the step 103 in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is that system changes and synchronous schematic diagram in time.
Embodiment
The present invention starts target computer system by utilizing linux system boot disk, and the file of utilization variance simultaneous techniques synchronous all root file systems from first computer system is on the destination media of target computer system.In this application, the system of installation and deployment or renewal is needed to be goal systems.First computer system is one and has installed and configuration successful, and runs the reference computers system of the standard of real needs that is applicable to of Linux.Target computer system needs the personal computer of installation and deployment (SuSE) Linux OS, server and the virtual machine in virtual platform.Transmitted by real-time performance data between first computer system and target computer system.After system synchronization success, target computer system can be started from destination media.
The method flow of the deployment that the application provides and renewal linux system as shown in Figure 1, comprises the steps:
Step 101: Install and configure first computer system.
Determine the distribution version of Linux, and install and configure the first computer system as benchmark according to the installation procedure of corresponding distribution version, the application program then in first computer system required for installation targets computer system, and guarantee normal operation.Linux system that first computer system is installed and application program is utilized to produce and generate linux system boot disk.For ensureing the consistent of boot disk and first computer system, manufacturing process is written as computer program by us, and after renewal system, calls this computer program automatically generate linux system boot disk.
Step 102: utilize linux system boot disk to start target computer system.
As described in step 101, linux system boot disk is a kind ofly generated by first computer system and be arranged on the system on the moveable storage medium such as CD, USB flash disk, so that carry out being connected with target computer system easily when disposing and guide this computer system.
Utilizing linux system boot disk to start target computer system is to provide independently running environment to differential synchronization instrument.
Step 103: utilization variance synchronization means is installed and upgraded target computer system.
The installation of system all performs identical differential synchronization process with renewal, and in the middle of the process performing differential synchronization, can ignore the catalogue in Exclude Lists and file.Comprise following sub-step:
Sub-step 103-1: select target medium.
Before startup synchronizing process, first need the selected destination media starting target computer system.Destination media is for storing files all in Linux root file system.
Sub-step 103-2: start differential synchronization.
File data in the synchronous mother system first computer system of utilization variance synchronization means and target computing system.Differential synchronization instrument can by calculating the variance data of the file in first computer system and the file in target computer system, and these variance data to be connected with the network between target computer system by the first computing machine and to be transferred to target computer system from first computer system.When target computer system does not exist corresponding file, then the part of difference is whole file, and therefore whole file will be transferred on target computer system.
There is not certain file in another kind of showing as in first computer system of difference, and target computer system exists this file, then this file can be deleted from target computer system during differential synchronization.
As shown in Figure 2, its medium square represents file to the schematic diagram of differential synchronization, and marks hypographous grid and represent the file that first computer system and target computer system there are differences.Only transmit these differential files in synchronizing process, by synchronizing process, make the file on the destination media of target computer system consistent with the file of first computer system.
Sub-step 103-3: install start-up code.
After differential synchronization completes, make the file on the destination media of target computer system consistent with the file of first computer system.In order to destination media can start-up simulation machine system, also need the start-up code of installing operating system on destination media.If destination media exists start-up code, then without the need to this step.
Step 104: target computer system utilizes destination media to restart target computer system after closing.
After completing above all working, the linux system on first computer system has then been deployed on new target computing system.When needing renewal, the deletion of carrying out software module at all target computer systems, or when increasing new software module, first after carrying out upgrading, delete or increase on first computer system, re-execute the process of step 102 to step 104 again, can by the module synchronization of variation on target computer system.Due to what carry out in the mode of differential synchronization, namely only have the part of variation just can carry out synchronously, the process therefore upgraded can be very efficient.
No matter be the system of redeploying or renewal system, multiple stage target computer system can carry out synchronous with first computer system simultaneously, and therefore this scheme can accelerate the efficiency that system is disposed and upgraded.
For making the know-why of technical scheme, feature and technique effect clearly, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme is described in detail.
Step 101, installs and in configuration first computer system process, needs the Linux release version selecting certain concrete, selecting RedHatEnterpriseLinux to issue version in the present embodiment, and install first computer system according to Setup Wizard and explanation.And according to actual requirement, necessary system component and software module are installed.Perform corresponding configuration effort, and verify whether first computer system is installed and configured correctly, then enters step 102.
In step 102, linux system boot disk is utilized to start target computer system.Install and the required Software tool module the used during system of renewal to ensure to be included in Platform Conformance and boot disk system, linux system boot disk in the embodiment of the present application is produced and generated by first computer system, and such boot disk is generally referred to as LiveCD.
The embodiment of the present application provides specific implementation flow process for step 103, as shown in Figure 3, comprising:
Step 301: synchro system time.
Be the standard time by first computer system and goal systems time synchronized, the synchro system time can keep the system time of goal systems consistent with first computer system, avoids the interference that Time Inconsistency brings.After time synchronized completes, enter step 302.
Step 302: definition Exclude Lists.
Owing to generating when the file under some catalogue in linux system is and runs, do not exist in disk file system, therefore need these files to get rid of from synchronous list.The file and the catalogue that are arranged in this eliminating listed files can not be carried out synchronously.The catalogue that acquiescence is got rid of, comprises/proc ,/sys ,/tmp ,/mnt.Also can define the Exclude Lists of oneself simultaneously, make the independent data asynchronous computer system of having disposed generated when the system of renewal.Then these being got rid of item is written in log file, in order to using.
If first time deployment system, then enter step 303, otherwise be namely that renewal rewards theory is carried out to original system, therefore skip step 303 and directly perform step 304.
Step 303: destination media subregion and format.
The destination media of target computer system is created the division as requested, and create file system on subregion, make synchronization means can to writing in files data on destination media.Then carry out into step 304.
Step 304: select target medium subregion.
The subregion of intended target medium, this subregion will store the whole Linux file of synchronously coming.After selected media subregion, under this subregion is mounted to catalogue/mnt.Then step 305 is entered.
Step 305: synchro system file.
Utilization variance synchronization means, as rsync, source is specified to be the network address of first computer system, and the mount directory at the subregion place of the destination end carry that is step 304, be /mnt catalogue in this example, specify the file of the file got rid of when synchronous of rsync specified by step 302 and catalogue simultaneously.Differential synchronization instrument can check the difference of the system that wish upgrades and first computer system file, then the part of synchronous difference.
When multiple stage object computer needs dispose or upgrade target computer system simultaneously, only need to utilize linux system boot disk to start multiple stage target computer system, and startup differential synchronization instrument carries out synchronously simultaneously, thus reach the effect of multiple devices rapid deployment and renewal, improve system and dispose and the efficiency upgraded.
Install described in step 103-3 in the specific implementation of start-up code, the embodiment of the present application adopts Grub instrument guidance code to be write the boot sector of destination media.Only have and guidance code has been installed System guides can be made to enter (SuSE) Linux OS.If renewal target computer system, then do not need start-up code is installed.
Restart described in step 104 in the process of target computer system, need to carry out system configuration.Due to time synchronous, can be synchronized on target computer system by all deploy contents of first computer system, some configuration needs to modify according to actual conditions, as host name, IP address etc.After amendment completes these parameters, take out linux system boot disk, then restart target computer system, can guide from new deployment or renewal startup medium and enter (SuSE) Linux OS.
After system completes deployment, if first computer system has renewal, as long as according to identical step, identical step is performed to target computer system above, by data syn-chronization discrepant in first computer system to target computer system.System change in time with synchronous schematic diagram as shown in Figure 4.
By application technical scheme, following effect can be reached:
1. owing to employing differential synchronization technology, during for renewal system, only need to transmit the different part of data, therefore for updating maintenance very fast efficient of system.Simultaneously when upgrading, carry out synchronously, therefore significantly reducing maintenance difficulties, accelerating renewal speed again after only needing to upgrade first computer system to target computer system, the impact that the business of system maintenance on enterprise or tissue is caused drops to minimum.
2. the deployment of target computer system can multiple stage be carried out with renewal simultaneously, therefore can accelerate to dispose and the efficiency upgraded.When carrying out computer system maintenance on a large scale with management, this advantage clearly.
3. when disposing with renewal, only need install and configure first computer system, and after utilizing linux system boot disk to start goal systems, just can dispose target computer system and upgrade, and do not need complicated configuration and extra instrument, therefore this programme advantage of there is handled easily, maintaining easily.
4. as long as (SuSE) Linux OS, and concrete distribution version need not be concerned about, this method can be utilized to carry out disposing and upgrade, and not needing deployment tool needs and specific release version in image set to bind.Meanwhile, the present invention is not only applicable to ordinary desktop PC, notebook computer, is applicable to server platform yet, this method also can be used to carry out disposing and upgrade, therefore have good hardware and software platform adaptability for various virtual machine platform.
5. when system carries out synchronized update, due to can Exclude Lists be specified, therefore the data of depositing on the target system can be got rid of outside synchronous process, the data generated on the target system can be retained, and do not need row migration operation during these data when the system of renewal.The i.e. first system of moving out of, to wait after synchronously completing the system of moving back again.Bring great convenience can to like this maintenance of system, greatly simplify the complexity of system maintenance work.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the application; not in order to limit the protection domain of the application; within all spirit in technical scheme and principle, any amendment made, equivalent replacements, improvement etc., all should be included within scope that the application protects.
Claims (8)
1. dispose and upgrade a method for linux system, it is characterized in that, comprising:
A, to install in first computer system and configuration linux system, and the application program required for installation targets computer system;
B, utilize linux system boot disk start target computer system;
C, the destination media determined in target computer system, the variance data of the file in calculating destination media and the file of first computer system, wherein ignore the catalogue in predefined Exclude Lists and file, and variance data is connected by the network between first computer system with target computer system is transferred to destination media from first computer system;
D, judge the start-up code whether destination media existing operating system, if so, directly perform step e, otherwise, on destination media installing operating system start-up code after perform step e;
E, target computer system utilize destination media to restart target computer system after closing.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described linux system boot disk is CD or USB flash disk.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, steps A comprises further: utilize linux system that first computer system is installed and application program to produce and generate linux system boot disk.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Exclude Lists comprises the file that dynamically generates and catalogue when linux system runs, and user-defined file and catalogue.
5. the method according to any one of Claims 1-4, is characterized in that, step C comprises further: if there is non-existent file in first computer system in destination media, deleted by described file from destination media.
6. the method according to any one of Claims 1-4, is characterized in that, described target computer system is desktop PC, notebook computer, server platform or virtual machine.
7. the method according to any one of Claims 1-4, is characterized in that, comprises further after determining the destination media in target computer system described in step C: format and subregion destination media.
8. the method according to any one of Claims 1-4, is characterized in that, taking a step forward of step C comprises: be the standard time by the time synchronized of first computer system and target computer system.
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| CN103530144A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2014-01-22 | 国云科技股份有限公司 | Method for generating virtual machine images from legacy system |
| CN103530151B (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2017-04-26 | 上海爱数信息技术股份有限公司 | Customization method of Linux operating system capable of switching service software systems |
| CN103530150B (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2017-03-01 | 上海爱数信息技术股份有限公司 | A kind of long-range method updating of (SuSE) Linux OS |
| CN103678007B (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2017-03-08 | 浪潮(北京)电子信息产业有限公司 | A kind of batch dispositions method of software and system |
| CN106293819A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2017-01-04 | 浪潮(北京)电子信息产业有限公司 | A kind of batch dispositions method based on snapshot and system |
| CN110941440A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-03-31 | 北京浪潮数据技术有限公司 | Batch updating method, device and equipment for virtual machines and readable storage medium |
| CN112463232A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-09 | 张帆 | Linux training machine |
| CN113282423B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-11-16 | 中电金信软件有限公司 | Deployment method, system and computer readable storage medium |
| CN114911530A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-08-16 | 麒麟软件有限公司 | Manufacturing method of USB flash disk starting disk of linux operating system |
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