CN102937909A - Method for deploying and upgrading Linux system - Google Patents
Method for deploying and upgrading Linux system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102937909A CN102937909A CN2012104756502A CN201210475650A CN102937909A CN 102937909 A CN102937909 A CN 102937909A CN 2012104756502 A CN2012104756502 A CN 2012104756502A CN 201210475650 A CN201210475650 A CN 201210475650A CN 102937909 A CN102937909 A CN 102937909A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for deploying and upgrading a Linux system. The method comprises the steps of: arranging and configuring a Linux system in a first computer system, and installing an application program required by an objective computer system; starting the objective computer system by utilizing a staring disc of the Linux system; determining an objective medium of the objective computer system, calculating the different data between a file in the objet medium and a file in the first computer system and transmitting the different data to the objective medium from the first computer system through network connection between the first computer system and the objective computer system; and restarting the objective computer system by virtue of a starting code on the objective medium after the objective computer system is closed. Through the application scheme provided by the invention, various operation environments based on a Linux operation system can be deployed quickly in a centralized and batched manner, so that the maintaining work is greatly reduced, and the production efficiency of a department is improved.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to the computer operating system technical field, relates in particular to a kind of method of disposing and upgrading linux system.
Background technology
Current, along with the propelling of informationization technology, be that enterprise or its hetero-organization all more and more depend on computer system.Maintenance to computer system is the pacing items that guarantees that modern enterprise or organization work are carried out smoothly.No matter be upgrading or the otherwise reason of computer system, the technical attendant of enterprise or tissue all can be faced with the regular works such as the system of reinstalling, upgrade-system every day.Secondly, for the department of some software developments, except the maintenance work of above type, the more important thing is the consistance of safeguarding all research and development departments development environment, make the product developed can guarantee the unification of operation platform and stablize.
For production, exploitation, operation etc., need, disposing and upgrade linux system in batches is the item that system manager or system maintenance personnel often run into.How effectively to carry out the key that these work become the department improved efficiency.
For disposing or upgrading linux system, following three kinds of methods are arranged in prior art usually:
First method is by platform, to dispose successively, is each machine and is disposed separately and upgrade.This method is effective for small-scale organization department.But, too much when the computing system related to, reach hundred even thousand, this method becomes a kind of way of poor efficiency.In order to raise the efficiency, may need to increase system maintenance personnel's number or workload.Therefore have larger increase on human cost.Secondly, when many people safeguard, also increased and linked up and the time of coordinating, therefore may cause increasing manpower but can not the actual problem that solves production efficiency simultaneously.Because machine quantity is more, according to the requirement of system conformance, the configuration effort of new system also will be very heavy.Because redeploying every computing machine all needs to reconfigure.The shortcoming of this method is to dispose inefficiency, is not suitable for large-scale system and disposes and safeguard, only is suitable for the maintenance work of minute quantity computer system, and upgrades inconvenient.
Second method is the system clone, i.e. use system clone instrument, as Ghost, Clonezilla etc.During deployment, first on a computing machine, installs and configure operating system, then use and clone tool making operating system mirror image, and then reduced deployment to executive system on target machine.And while upgrading, the system image of system after using clone's instrument again to make to upgrade, upgraded according to the same method of newly-built system.Therefore clearly, this method has solved the shortcoming needed in the first method by the platform configuration device, but the efficiency of its maintenance does not have greatly improved yet.Clone's instrument has increased the complexity of safeguarding simultaneously, and renewal system at every turn needs manufacturing system mirror image again, operate comparatively loaded down with trivial details, very inconvenient for system update.
The third is that robotization is disposed.Use some automatic deployment instruments, as Kickstart, Cobbler, Puppet, first install and configure the robotization deployment tool, formulate the automatic deployment rule, then implement to install.It is higher that this mode is disposed efficiency, but this class automatic deployment instrument often is only applicable to specific Linux distribution version, lacks versatility.And install, configuration is all more complicated, be difficult to use for the conventional system managerial personnel.
Above three kinds of methods are disposed when upgrading in order not destroy existing data carrying out system, when being safeguarded, also need these existing data are first moved to outside goal systems, wait after safeguarding successfully and move back more original data.If data volume is huge, dispose the time long with upgrading the operation consumption by making, be unfavorable for the maintenance work of scale in batches.
Summary of the invention
The application provides a kind of method of disposing and upgrading linux system, can concentrate, dispose fast, in bulk the various running environment based on (SuSE) Linux OS, and maintenance work is alleviated greatly, improves the production efficiency of department.
A kind of method of disposing and upgrading linux system that the embodiment of the present application provides comprises:
A, in first computer system, install and the configuration linux system, and the needed application program of installation targets computer system;
B, utilize the linux system boot disk to start target computer system;
C, determine the destination media in target computer system, calculate the variance data of the file of file in destination media and first computer system, and variance data is connected from first computer system and is transferred to destination media by first computer system and network between target computer system;
D, judge the start-up code that whether has operating system on destination media, if, directly perform step E, otherwise, perform step E after the start-up code of installing operating system on destination media;
After E, target computer system are closed, utilize destination media to restart target computer system.
Preferably, described linux system boot disk is CD or USB flash disk.
Preferably, steps A further comprises: utilize linux system and the application program of installing on first computer system to produce and generate the linux system boot disk.
Preferably, ignore catalogue and the file in predefined Exclude Lists in the step of the variance data of the file in the described calculating linux system of step C boot disk and the file in destination media.
Preferably, file and catalogue that described Exclude Lists dynamically generates while comprising the linux system operation, and user-defined file and catalogue.
Preferably, step C further comprises: if, while having in first computer system non-existent file in destination media, described file is deleted from destination media.
Preferably, described target computer system is PC, notebook computer, server platform or virtual machine.
Preferably, after the destination media in the described definite target computer system of step C, further comprise: destination media is formatd and subregion.
Preferably, before step C, further comprise: by the time synchronized of first computer system and target computer system, be the standard time.
As can be seen from the above technical solutions, start target computer system by utilizing linux system boot disk system, and the file of utilization variance simultaneous techniques synchronous all root file systems from first computer system is to the destination media of target computer system.Owing to having used the difference simultaneous techniques, when upgrading system, only need the different part of transmission data, therefore very fast efficient for the updating maintenance of system.Simultaneously when upgrading, again target computer system is carried out synchronously after only needing to upgrade first computer system, therefore greatly reduced maintenance difficulties, accelerated renewal speed, the deployment of target computer system can many be carried out with upgrading simultaneously, therefore can accelerate to dispose and the efficiency of upgrading.The present techniques scheme is not only applicable to ordinary desktop PC, notebook computer, is applicable to server platform yet, for various virtual machine platforms, can use this method dispose and upgrade yet, and therefore has good hardware and software platform adaptability.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The deployment that Fig. 1 provides for the application and upgrade the method flow diagram of linux system;
Fig. 2 is the synchronous schematic diagram of difference;
Fig. 3 provides the specific implementation process flow diagram for the embodiment of the present application for the step 103 in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is that system changes and the schematic diagram of synchronizeing in time.
Embodiment
The present invention is by utilizing the linux system boot disk to start target computer system, and the file of utilization variance simultaneous techniques synchronous all root file systems from first computer system is to the destination media of target computer system.In this application, needing the system of installation and deployment or renewal is goal systems.First computer system is one have been installed and configuration successful, and the reference computers system of the standard that is applicable to real needs of operation Linux.Target computer system is personal computer, server and the virtual machine in virtual platform that needs the installation and deployment (SuSE) Linux OS.Realize data transmission by network between first computer system and target computer system.After the system synchronization success, can start target computer system from destination media.
The method flow of the deployment that the application provides and renewal linux system as shown in Figure 1, comprises the steps:
Step 101: the configuration first computer system is installed.
Determine the distribution version of Linux, and install and configure the first computer system as benchmark according to the installation procedure of corresponding distribution version, the needed application program of installation targets computer system in first computer system then, and guarantee normal operation.Utilize linux system and the application program of installing on first computer system to produce and generate the linux system boot disk.For guaranteeing the consistent of boot disk and first computer system, we are written as computer program by manufacturing process, and call this computer program automatically generate the linux system boot disk after the renewal system.
Step 102: utilize the linux system boot disk to start target computer system.
As described in step 101, the linux system boot disk is a kind ofly by first computer system, to generate and be arranged on the movably system on storage medium such as CD, USB flash disk, so that be connected with target computer system easily when disposing and guide this computer system.
Utilizing the linux system boot disk to start target computer system is in order to the difference synchronization means, to provide independently running environment.
Step 103: the utilization variance synchronization means is installed and the renewal target computer system.
The installation of system is all carried out identical difference synchronizing process with upgrading, and, carrying out in the middle of the synchronous process of difference, can ignore catalogue and file in Exclude Lists.Comprise following sub-step:
Sub-step 103-1: select target medium.
Before starting synchronizing process, at first need the selected destination media that starts target computer system.Destination media is for storing all files of Linux root file system.
Sub-step 103-2: start difference synchronous.
File data in the synchronous mother system first computer system of utilization variance synchronization means and target computing system.The difference synchronization means can be by calculating file in first computer system and the variance data of the file in target computer system, and these variance data are connected from first computer system and are transferred to target computer system by the first computing machine and network between target computer system.When there is not corresponding file in target computer system, the part of difference is whole file, and therefore whole file will be transferred on target computer system.
There is not certain file in another kind of showing as in first computer system of difference, and there is this document in target computer system, when difference is synchronous, this file can be deleted from target computer system.
As shown in Figure 2, its medium square means file to the synchronous schematic diagram of difference, and marks the file that hypographous grid means that first computer system and target computer system there are differences.Only transmit these differential files in synchronizing process, by synchronizing process, make the file on the destination media of target computer system consistent with the file of first computer system.
Sub-step 103-3: start-up code is installed.
After the similarities and differences of being on duty have walked, make the file on the destination media of target computer system consistent with the file of first computer system.For destination media can start computer system, also need to be on destination media the start-up code of installing operating system.If there has been start-up code on destination media, without this step.
Step 104: after target computer system is closed, utilize destination media to restart target computer system.
After all working more than having completed, the linux system on first computer system has been deployed on new target computing system.When carrying out at all target computer systems renewal, the deletion of software module, while perhaps increasing new software module, at first after being upgraded on first computer system, delete or increasing, re-execute again the process of step 102 to step 104, the module of change can be synchronized on target computer system.Carry out due to the mode synchronous with difference, only have the part of change just can to carry out synchronously, the process of therefore upgrading can be very efficient.
No matter be the system of redeploying or renewal system, many target computer systems can be synchronizeed with first computer system simultaneously, and therefore this scheme can the quickening system be disposed and the efficiency of upgrading.
Clearer for the know-why, characteristics and the technique effect that make the present techniques scheme, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present techniques scheme is described in detail.
In step 102, utilize the linux system boot disk to start target computer system.The required Software tool module of using while installing with the system of renewal in order to guarantee in platform consistance and boot disk system to be included in, linux system boot disk in the embodiment of the present application is produced and generated by first computer system, and such boot disk generally is referred to as LiveCD.
The embodiment of the present application provides the specific implementation flow process for step 103, as shown in Figure 3, comprising:
Step 301: synchro system time.
By first computer system and goal systems time synchronized, be the standard time, the synchro system time can keep the system time of goal systems consistent with first computer system, the interference of avoiding Time Inconsistency to bring.After time synchronized completes, enter step 302.
Step 302: definition Exclude Lists.
Generate while due to the file under some catalogue in linux system, being operation, do not exist in disk file system, therefore these files need to be got rid of from synchronous list.Being arranged in this file and catalogue of getting rid of listed files will can not carry out synchronously.The catalogue that acquiescence is got rid of, comprise/proc ,/sys ,/tmp ,/mnt.Also can define the Exclude Lists of oneself, make the independent data generated on asynchronous computer system of having disposed simultaneously when the system of renewal.Then these are got rid of to item and be written in log file, in order to using.
If deployment system for the first time enters step 303, otherwise be that original system is upgraded to operation, so skips steps 303 directly performs step 304.
Step 303: destination media subregion and format.
The destination media of target computer system is created the division as requested, and create file system on subregion, make the synchronization means can be to writing in files data on destination media.Then entered step 304.
Step 304: select target medium subregion.
The subregion of intended target medium will be stored the file that whole Linux synchronously comes on this subregion.After the selected media subregion, this subregion is mounted under catalogue/mnt.Then enter step 305.
Step 305: synchro system file.
The utilization variance synchronization means, as rsync, specify the network address that source is first computer system, and the section post of the destination end carry that is step 304 mount directory, be in this example/mnt catalogue, the file of simultaneously specifying rsync to get rid of when synchronous is the specified file of step 302 and catalogue.The difference synchronization means can check system and the difference of first computer system file, the then part of synchronous difference that wish is upgraded.
When many object computers need to be disposed simultaneously or upgrade target computer system, only need to utilize the linux system boot disk to start many target computer systems, and start the difference synchronization means simultaneously and carry out synchronously, thereby reach the effect of multiple devices rapid deployment and renewal, the raising system is disposed and the efficiency of upgrading.
In the specific implementation of the described installation start-up code of step 103-3, the embodiment of the present application adopts the Grub instrument guidance code to be write to the boot sector of destination media.Only have and guidance code has been installed can be made system guiding enter (SuSE) Linux OS.If the renewal target computer system does not need to install start-up code.
Step 104 is described restarts in the process of target computer system, need to carry out system configuration.When synchronous, all deploy contents of first computer system can be synchronized on target computer system, some configuration need to be modified according to actual conditions, as host name, IP address etc.After modification completes these parameters, take out the linux system boot disk, then restart target computer system, can or upgrade the guiding of startup medium from new deployment and enter (SuSE) Linux OS.
After system has completed deployment, if first computer system has renewal, as long as according to top identical step, target computer system is carried out to identical step, discrepant data in first computer system are synchronized to target computer system and get final product.System change in time with the schematic diagram of synchronizeing as shown in Figure 4.
By application present techniques scheme, can reach following effect:
1. owing to having used the difference simultaneous techniques, during for the system of renewal, only need the different part of transmission data, therefore very fast efficient for the updating maintenance of system.Simultaneously, when upgrading, carry out synchronously target computer system after only needing to upgrade first computer system again, so greatly reduce maintenance difficulties, accelerate renewal speed, the impact that system maintenance is caused the business of enterprise or tissue drops to minimum.
2. the deployment of target computer system can many be carried out with upgrading simultaneously, therefore can accelerate to dispose and the efficiency of upgrading.When carrying out on a large scale computer system maintenance with management, this advantage is very obvious.
3. when disposing with renewal, only need to install and configure first computer system, and after utilizing the linux system boot disk to start goal systems, just can be disposed and be upgraded target computer system, and do not need complicated configuration and extra instrument, so this programme has advantages of handled easily, maintains easily.
4. so long as (SuSE) Linux OS, and need not be concerned about concrete distribution version, can utilize this method dispose and upgrade, and not need deployment tool in image set to be bound with specific release version.Simultaneously, the present invention is not only applicable to ordinary desktop PC, notebook computer, is applicable to server platform yet, for various virtual machine platforms, can use this method dispose and upgrade yet, and therefore has good hardware and software platform adaptability.
5. when system is synchronously upgraded, owing to can specifying Exclude Lists, therefore can retain the data that generated on goal systems by existing the data on goal systems to get rid of outside synchronous the processing, and need to be when the system of renewal row migration operation during by these data.First move out of system, wait synchronously complete after the system of moving back again.Bring great convenience can to like this maintenance of system, simplify greatly the complexity of system maintenance work.
The foregoing is only the application's preferred embodiment; not in order to limit the application's protection domain; all within the spirit and principle of present techniques scheme, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in the scope of the application's protection.
Claims (9)
1. the method for disposing and upgrading linux system, is characterized in that, comprising:
A, in first computer system, install and the configuration linux system, and the needed application program of installation targets computer system;
B, utilize the linux system boot disk to start target computer system;
C, determine the destination media in target computer system, calculate the variance data of the file of file in destination media and first computer system, and variance data is connected from first computer system and is transferred to destination media by first computer system and network between target computer system;
D, judge the start-up code that whether has operating system on destination media, if, directly perform step E, otherwise, perform step E after the start-up code of installing operating system on destination media;
After E, target computer system are closed, utilize destination media to restart target computer system.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described linux system boot disk is CD or USB flash disk.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, steps A further comprises: utilize linux system and the application program of installing on first computer system to produce and generate the linux system boot disk.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Ignore catalogue and the file in predefined Exclude Lists in the step of the file in the described calculating linux system of step C boot disk and the variance data of the file in destination media.
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, file and catalogue that described Exclude Lists dynamically generates while comprising the linux system operation, and user-defined file and catalogue.
6. according to the described method of claim 1 to 5 any one, it is characterized in that, step C further comprises: if, while having in first computer system non-existent file in destination media, described file is deleted from destination media.
7. according to the described method of claim 1 to 5 any one, it is characterized in that, described target computer system is PC, notebook computer, server platform or virtual machine.
8. according to the described method of claim 1 to 5 any one, it is characterized in that, further comprise after the destination media in the described definite target computer system of step C: destination media is formatd and subregion.
9. according to the described method of claim 1 to 5 any one, it is characterized in that, further comprise before step C: be the standard time by the time synchronized of first computer system and target computer system.
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| CN103530151A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-22 | 上海爱数软件有限公司 | Customization method of Linux operating system capable of switching service software systems |
| CN103530144A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2014-01-22 | 国云科技股份有限公司 | Method for generating virtual machine images from legacy system |
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| CN110941440A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-03-31 | 北京浪潮数据技术有限公司 | Batch updating method, device and equipment for virtual machines and readable storage medium |
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| CN113282423A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-08-20 | 中电金信软件有限公司 | Deployment method, system and computer readable storage medium |
| CN114911530A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-08-16 | 麒麟软件有限公司 | Manufacturing method of USB flash disk starting disk of linux operating system |
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| CN103530150B (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2017-03-01 | 上海爱数信息技术股份有限公司 | A kind of long-range method updating of (SuSE) Linux OS |
| CN103530151A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-22 | 上海爱数软件有限公司 | Customization method of Linux operating system capable of switching service software systems |
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| CN110941440A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-03-31 | 北京浪潮数据技术有限公司 | Batch updating method, device and equipment for virtual machines and readable storage medium |
| CN112463232A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-09 | 张帆 | Linux training machine |
| CN113282423A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-08-20 | 中电金信软件有限公司 | Deployment method, system and computer readable storage medium |
| CN113282423B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-11-16 | 中电金信软件有限公司 | Deployment method, system and computer readable storage medium |
| CN114911530A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-08-16 | 麒麟软件有限公司 | Manufacturing method of USB flash disk starting disk of linux operating system |
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