CN102935276B - 一种灭火组合物 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新型灭火组合物，所述的灭火组合物包括：二茂铁45质量％-85质量％，含结晶水化合物15质量％～50质量％；所述的灭火组合物在使用时，以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源，先点燃烟火类药剂，利用烟火类药剂燃烧的高温使灭火组合物受热分解挥发或反应，产生出大量的灭火物质，随烟火类药剂一起喷出而达到灭火目的。本发明提供了一种无需压力贮存，更安全、更环保高效的气溶胶灭火组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属消防领域，涉及灭火组合物，化学灭火物质的使用。更具体的涉及一种含结晶水化合物的高效灭火组合物。
背景技术
自从1987年加拿大蒙特利尔公约对各国提出取代哈龙灭火剂的具体目标以来，各国都在致力于新的灭火技术的研究，既要灭火效率高，又要对环境无污染的灭火技术是人们努力的方向。
气体灭火***，干粉灭火***及水系灭火***等由于对环境无害被作为哈龙灭火器的替代品而得到了广泛应用。二氧化碳，IG541等惰性气体灭火***的灭火机理主要为物理灭火，通过降低着火区的氧气浓度二窒息灭火，这种灭火方式容易对人员的人身安全造成威胁，干粉灭火***是通过在加压气体作用下喷出的粉末与火焰接触，发生物理化学抑制作用而灭火，水雾灭火***是通过细水雾的冷却，窒息和隔绝热辐射的三重作用下达到控制火灾，抑制火灾和扑灭火灾的目的。
然而，这些灭火***都需要高压贮存，不仅体积较大，在贮存过程中还存在物理***的危险，文献“气体灭火***的安全性分析”分析了气体灭火***所存在的危险，并列举了贮压气体灭火***在使用中所引发的安全事故。
现有的气溶胶灭火剂主要有S型和K型灭火剂，通过综合分析其性能特点，其不足之处主要为：气溶胶灭火剂均是利用灭火剂发生氧化还原反应释放出大量气体、活性粒子的断链反应，大量气体的覆盖窒息，实现化学与物理相结合的灭火目的。氧化还原反应一般均为放热反应，在释放出气溶胶的同时，释放出大量的热，为有效降低装置和气溶胶的温度，避免发生二次火灾，需增加冷却***，导致装置结构复杂笨重，工艺流程复杂，成本高，同时由于冷却***的存在，使大量活性离子失去活性或沉积，导致灭火性能大大降低。且灭火物质释放粒子浓度小密度低，不易穿透火羽流直接到达火源根部，达到迅速有效抑制火源的目的。
发明内容：
针对现有灭火剂的现状，特别是气溶胶灭火剂的固有缺陷，本发明提供了一种无需压力贮存，更安全、更环保高效的气溶胶类灭火组合物。
本发明涉及一种灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述的灭火组合物包括：二茂铁45质量％-85质量％，优选45质量％-65质量％，含结晶水化合物15质量％-小于50质量％，优选25质量％-40质量％，性能添加剂0质量％-30质量％，优选5质量％-20质量％；所述灭火组合物是以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源，先点燃烟火类药剂，利用烟火类药剂燃烧的高温使灭火组合物受热分解或反应，产生出大量的灭火物质，随烟火类药剂一起喷出而达到灭火目的。
上述的含结晶水化合物可以为：硼砂·10水、氯化钴·6水、硫酸铜·5水、四硼酸钾·8水、偏硼酸镁·8水、四硼酸铵·4水、四硼酸锶·4水、四硼酸钠·10水、碳酸钠钾·6水、硫酸铝钾·12水、碳酸钠·10水、硫酸钠·10水、钼酸铵·4水、硫酸铁·7水、硫酸镍·7水、硫酸锌·7水、三氯化铬·6水、硅酸钠·9水、硫酸亚铁铵·6水、碱式碳酸锌·4水、磷酸锌·4水、偏硅酸钠·5水、偏硅酸钠·9水和硼酸锌·3.5水中的一种或多种。
本发明的性能添加剂为三聚氰胺、氯化铵、缩醛胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素钠、酚醛树脂中的一种或多种。
本发明的灭火组合物可以采用制丸、模压、挤压等工艺成型为球状，片状，条状，块装，蜂窝状，并且可经过表面包覆处理。进行表面包覆处理时优选加入羟甲基纤维素或羟乙基纤维素。该表面包覆剂可以改善组合物体系的表面光洁度，并提高其强度、耐磨性和抗震性，防止运输过程中灭火组合物发生粉化，掉渣并溢出灭火装置现象的出现。
本发明的灭火组合物的火焰抑制机理如下：使用时，以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源，通过点燃烟火类药剂燃烧放出的热量，灭火组合物在高温下脱水降温，进一步分解释放出灭火物质，该灭火物质可通过自由基与链式燃烧反应所必需的O·，OH·，H·自由基中的一种或几种进行反应，从而切断了链式燃烧反应，也可通过物理作用减少氧气分压而抑制火焰，或同时发生物理及化学抑制作用功能实现灭火，与此同时，与烟火药剂产生协同增效作用，进一步提高了灭火剂的灭火效能，大大缩短了有效灭火时间。与传统的灭火组合物相比，本发明可提供一种更高效、更安全的灭火组合物。
本发明的灭火组合物可以同时达到以下效果：一、在高温受热情况下，即可受热发生吸热分解，有效快速降低气溶胶灭火剂喷放物质的温度，二、瞬间释放出大量有效灭火物质，且灭火物质以固态微粒为主，还有少许液态粒子，通过多种微粒的协同作用，大大缩短了灭火时间；三、分解物质以固态微粒为主，相对密度较大，更易于穿透火羽流，迅速有效控制火源；四、固体微粒沉降于燃烧物质表面易于形成保护膜，有效阻断了链式燃烧反应，进一步提高了灭火剂的灭火效能；五、灭火组合物原料丰富，易于加工成型，且可单独使用或者与物理冷却剂配套使用；六、性能稳定、易于长期储存，七、低毒性或无毒性，对环境友好性能优良。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及的一种灭火组合物，其主要包括：二茂铁45质量％-85质量％，优选45质量％-65质量％，含结晶水化合物15质量％-小于50质量％，优选25质量％-40质量％，性能添加剂0质量％-30质量％，优选5质量％-20质量％。其中：含结晶水化合物可以为：硼砂·10水、氯化钴·6水、硫酸铜·5水、四硼酸钾·8水、偏硼酸镁·8水、四硼酸铵·4水、四硼酸锶·4水、四硼酸钠·10水、碳酸钠钾·6水、硫酸铝钾·12水、碳酸钠·10水、硫酸钠·10水、钼酸铵·4水、硫酸铁·7水、硫酸镍·7水、硫酸锌·7水、三氯化铬·6水、硅酸钠·9水、硫酸亚铁铵·6水、碱式碳酸锌·4水、磷酸锌·4水、偏硅酸钠·5水、偏硅酸钠·9水和硼酸锌·3.5水中的一种或多种。性能添加剂为三聚氰胺、氯化铵、缩醛胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素钠、酚醛树脂中的一种或多种。该灭火组合物是以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源，先点燃烟火类药剂，利用烟火类药剂燃烧的高温使灭火组合物受热分解或反应，产生出大量的灭火物质，随烟火类药剂一起喷出而达到灭火目的。
上述的性能添加剂中包含有粘合剂，粘合剂在灭火组合物中的应用属于本领域的常规技术手段，本领域技术人员都知道其性能、用途以及具体组成，其含量通常控制在15％以下。
现选取上述灭火组合物进行试验，选取其中的四个配比，与现有技术中的灭火药剂进行实验对比，试验依据BS6165：2002《Specification for small disposable fire extinguishers of the aerosoltype》。具体如下：
实施例1
将制得的片状二茂铁，硼砂·10水，磷酸锌·4水，三聚氰胺和氯化铵组合物样品50g加入装有50g K型气溶胶发生剂的手持式灭火器中，实施面积为0.1m2油盘的汽油灭火试验；试验测试结果见表1。
实施例2
将制得的片状二茂铁，硅酸钠·9水，硫酸铝钾·12水，三聚氰胺和氯化铵组合物依照实施例1进行测试，测试结果见表1。
实施例3
将制得的片状二茂铁，碱式碳酸锌·4水，磷酸锌·4水和三聚氰胺组合物依照实施例1进行测试，测试结果见表1。
实施例4
将制得的片状二茂铁、硫酸铝钾·12水和氯化铵组合物依照实施例1进行测试，测试结果见表1。
表1各种组分成分比较和试验结果对比
由上表的实验数据可得知：在同等的实验条件下，对比例1-4可以达到两发灭火甚至三发全灭，而对比例却均未灭，另外实施例1-4的喷射时间最多为12s左右，比对比例1缩短了近25s左右，因此，本发明的灭火组合物灭火性能明显优于现有技术的灭火药剂，而且其喷射时间大大缩短，由于其反应属于吸热反应，还能降低喷口的温度，避免意外伤害。
上述具体实施例仅仅是示例型的，在本发明的上述教导下，本发明领域技术人员可以在上述实施例的基础上进行各种改进和变形，而这些改进或者变形落在本发明的保护范围内。本领域技术人员应该明白，上面的具体描述只是为了解释本发明的目的，并非用于限制发明。
Claims (1)
1.一种灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述的灭火组合物包括：
二茂铁 45质量％-65质量％
含结晶水化合物 25质量％-40质量％
性能添加剂 5质量％-20质量％；
所述灭火组合物是以烟火类药剂为热力源和动力源，先点燃烟火类药剂，利用烟火类药剂燃烧的高温使灭火组合物受热分解或反应，产生出大量的灭火物质，随烟火类药剂一起喷出而达到灭火目的；
所述的含结晶水化合物选自硼砂·10水、氯化钴·6水、硫酸铜·5水、四硼酸钾·8水、偏硼酸镁·8水、四硼酸铵·4水、四硼酸锶·4水、四硼酸钠·10水、碳酸钠钾·6水、硫酸铝钾·12水、碳酸钠·10水、硫酸钠·10水、钼酸铵·4水、硫酸铁·7水、硫酸镍·7水、硫酸锌·7水、三氯化铬·6水、硅酸钠·9水、硫酸亚铁铵·6水、碱式碳酸锌·4水、磷酸锌·4水、偏硅酸钠·5水、偏硅酸钠·9水和硼酸锌·3.5水中的一种或多种；
所述的性能添加剂为三聚氰胺、氯化铵、缩醛胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素钠和酚醛树脂中的一种或多种。
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