CN102919026B - Tea garden greenhouse gas nitrous oxide emission reduction method - Google Patents
Tea garden greenhouse gas nitrous oxide emission reduction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102919026B CN102919026B CN2012104503481A CN201210450348A CN102919026B CN 102919026 B CN102919026 B CN 102919026B CN 2012104503481 A CN2012104503481 A CN 2012104503481A CN 201210450348 A CN201210450348 A CN 201210450348A CN 102919026 B CN102919026 B CN 102919026B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tea garden greenhouse gas nitrous oxide emission reduction method which includes the following steps: step 1 is tea garden shielding, and legume deciduous trees are planted around a tea garden and between tea trees; step 2 is combined application of organic fertilizer, the method that replacing chemical fertilizer with vegetable seed fertilizer cakes is beneficial for tea product improvement, and the fact that replacing the chemical fertilizer with vegetable seed cake agriculture wastes can effectively reduce emission of tea garden greenhouse gas; step 3 is trichoderma inoculation, when base fertilizer is fertilized in the early period and middle period of September, the vegetable seed cake fertilizer is mixed with green trichoderma bio-fertilizer, the green trichoderma bio-fertilizer is mixed in the vegetable seed cake fertilizer according to a weight ratio and then fertilized evenly in the tea garden with fermented trichoderma fertilizer; and step 4 is that legume green manure is planted between tea gardens, the legume green manure is planted in empty places like space of tea garden tree lines, roadsides, ladder walls and the like, the height of legume green plants is lower than that of tea lines, white clovers are selected, the legume green manure planted in the empty places of the tea garden is used to assimilate carbon dioxide, and therefore the purpose of reducing nitrous oxide emission can be achieved. The tea garden greenhouse gas nitrous oxide emission reduction method is convenient in, convenient to operate, low in cost and beneficial to improving tea area ecological environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tree plant cultivation, tea garden management field, more specifically relate to a kind of tea place main greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N
2O) method reduced discharging, be particularly useful for vast subtropical tea district.
Background technology
Tealeaves originates from China, is one of the world's three large drinks.The distribution of tealeaves and cultivate many countries and regions in six continents all over the world. wherein with area under cultivation and the output maximum in Asia.Tea place, whole world area is more than 300 ten thousand hm
2, the tea place area reaches l0 ten thousand hm
2There are China, India, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Vietnam, Indonesia in above country, and the tea place area of China has nearly 1,500,000 hm
2Left and right, account for tea place, whole world area nearly 50%; Whole world tealeaves annual production 4000000 t left and right. wherein the Chinese tea annual production reaches 1,360,000 t left and right, accounts for whole world tea yield 34%.Tealeaves is the important economic crops of China and traditional agricultural exports simultaneously, and green tea is product with the obvious advantage in China's Tea Production, and its output and export volume account for more than 80% of world's green tea total amount, rank the first in the world.A large amount of scientific research both at home and abroad shows, green tea has fabulous anti-cancer, health care effect, and world's Tea Consumption forward is drunk the green tea future development, and world's green tea sales volume obviously rises.Along with pulling of consumption, the effect of green tea in China's Tea Industry economy is day by day great, the production of China's green tea and export volume accounted for more than 2/3rds of tealeaves gross yield in recent years, the high-grade green tea market of selling well especially, developing faster, its output value has accounted for the tealeaves main product and has economized 50～80% of the tealeaves gross output value, becomes the pillar of tea economy.The well-known tea market demand constantly enlarges, driven the development of national Tea Production, all emphasis using the production of development famous green tea as the tealeaves development in all parts of the country, famous green tea occupies considerable status in national Tea Production, and, along with the raising of people's living standard and the enhancing of health care consciousness, the market demand of famous green tea will be larger.
The tea grower is in order to obtain tealeaves high yield, high-quality, target efficiently, and the fertilizing amount in tea place is higher, good management tea place nitrogenous fertilizer year fertilizing amount at 1200kg/hm
2Above, be 2 times of left and right of double cropping rice rice field year amount of nitrogen.The high investment of nitrogenous fertilizer often causes a kind of main greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N
2O) increase of discharge, according to us to several land use patterns such as tea place, masson pine forest, rice field and vegetable field totally two years continuous field nitrous oxide (N during in January, 2010-2011 year December
2O) the emissions measurement result shows, garden nitrous oxide (N
2O) emission factor (ratio of discharge and nitrogen fertilizer application amount) is the highest in several land use pattern, and straw covers tea place nitrous oxide (N
2O) annual emissions is higher than vegetable field (as shown in table 1).
Several land type nitrous oxide of table 1 2010-2011 (N
2O) emission behaviour, Changsha County Jin Jing town
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of tea place main greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N
2O) method reduced discharging, method is easy, easy to operate, and cost is low, not affecting under tealeaves high yield and high quality and efficient productive target prerequisite, effectively reduces tea garden soil nitrous oxide (N
2O) discharge, be conducive to improve tea district ecotope, more can in tealeaves international trade from now on, avoid the carbon tariff barrier and meet with economic loss.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
A kind of tea place greenhouse gases nitrous oxide (N
2O) method reduced discharging, the steps include:
1. tea place shading: in tea place around and tea tree plant tall and big pulse family deciduous tree in the ranks, planting density is with per hectare 140-160 strain, seeding row spacing is advisable with 10m * 10m, as Acacia, white popinac, wing pod wood etc.; Between tea place, the tall and big pulse family deciduous tree shading of plantation both had been conducive to the tea leaf quality improvement, and leguminous plant root system rhizobium can be fixed as the nitrogen form that tea tree can absorb by nitrogen in atmosphere simultaneously, reduce the amount of application of tea place nitrogenous fertilizer.
Described pulse family deciduous tree is wherein a kind of of Acacia, white popinac, wing pod wood.
2. join and execute high-quality fertilizer (rapeseed cake fertilizer): test shows that the fertile cake replacing fertilizer of vegetable seed is conducive to tea leaf quality and improves, and particularly in tealeaves, amino acid (main bright refreshing and flavor component in tealeaves) increases (as shown in table 2) with the raising of substitution ratio; 100% colza cake replacing fertilizer is processed nitrous oxide (N simultaneously
2O) annual emissions only has 100% chemical fertilizer to process 50% left and right, utilizes the agricultural wastes replacing fertilizer such as colza cake can effectively reduce the discharge (as shown in table 3) of tea place greenhouse gases.
The impact of the different colza cake replacing fertilizers of table 2 on tealeaves component content (g/kg)
3. inoculate Trichoderma (Trichodermaviride), when early and middle ten days basal dressing in September (colza cake), admix trichoderma viride bio-fertilizer (this fertilizer production method " utilizes grape skin and vinasse solid state fermentation to produce Trichoderma; the patent No. 200510085465.2 " according to the Bai Zhihui of this project team patent applied for method and produces) in rapeseed cake fertilizer, according to weight ratio 3:1(rapeseed cake fertilizer: the ratio trichoderma viride bio-fertilizer) is admixed.Generally that the Trichoderma fertilizer of 2250kg rapeseed cake fertilizer and 750kg fermenting-ripening is fully mixed evenly to apply in 1 hectare of tea place and got final product.Test shows admixes the utilization ratio that appropriate trichoderma viride bio-fertilizer can improve N in fertilizer in fertilizer, and significantly reduces nitrous oxide (N
2O) discharge (as shown in table 3).
4. between tea place, plant leguminous green manure: set in the ranks in tea place, leguminous green manure is all planted on the ground, space such as road is other, terraced wall, requires the green plant height of pulse family lower than tea line height (70cm), generally selects butch clover (Trifoliumrepens).Utilize space, tea place ground plantation leguminous green manure can assimilate more carbonic acid gas, also reduce the discharge of tea place carbonic acid gas (main greenhouse gas a kind of); Leguminous green manure root system rhizobium can fixedly be converted into nitrogen in atmosphere the nitrogen form (ammoniacal nitrogen) that tea tree can absorb simultaneously, reduce the amount of application of tea place chemical state nitrogenous fertilizer, also reach the target of the discharge that reduces nitrous oxide.
Described fertilizer is specially rapeseed cake fertilizer, cow dung, chicken manure etc.;
Described bio-fertilizer is specially the trichoderma viride bio-fertilizer;
Described leguminous green manure is specially butch clover, red clover, Chinese milk vetch etc.;
The green plant of described pulse family is specially the plant of butch clover, red clover, Chinese milk vetch etc.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and effect:
1. improved the tea place illumination condition.The intensity of illumination that Common tea garden is accepted in 5～September surpasses the tea tree light saturation point, and (35～50klx) time generally has 2～6 hours, and noon usually surpasses the high light direct projection of 1001x.Due to the shaded effect of arbor, compound tea place only has respectively 40%, 60% of pure tea place apart from the per day intensity of illumination at arbor trunk 2m place and 4m place, and shading is maximum is morning during 8:00, and shading rate reaches respectively 71.1～86.7%.Though at 12 o'clock at noon, shading rate only had 15～30%, starting the micro-sprinkler irrigation system spraying can still make shading rate reach respectively more than 50%, intensity of illumination is attenuated to below 50klx, be conducive to the synthetic and accumulation of the flavor substances such as amino acid in tealeaves, time and frequency that the tea place intensity of illumination surpasses the tea tree light saturation point reduce to minimum, are conducive to the tealeaves good quality and high output.
2. improved the tea place temperature.Weakening of intensity of illumination, avoid soil strong sunlight direct irradiation, the daily mean temperature of earth's surface, 5,10,15,20cm soil layer and tea place temperature has reduced respectively 1.9 ℃, 2.2 ℃, 1.5 ℃, 1.3 ℃, 1.1 ℃ and 0.6 ℃, the number of times that harmful high temperature of tea place >=35 ℃ occurs has reduced 60～70%, the number of times of >=39 ℃ of harmful high temperature appearance in blade face has reduced 70～80%, is conducive to the tealeaves good quality and high output.
3. tea place humidity and Soil Moisture have been improved.The tea place humidity that 6-9 month hot-dry season tea place humidity improves 70 ~ 90%(hills area 10:00 ~ 16:00 is generally between 40 ~ 60%), 0 ~ 20cm soil layer soil moisture content remains on 70% left and right of field capacity for a long time, is conducive to the tealeaves good quality and high output.
4. enriched the tea place bio-diversity.Due to around in tea place and tea tree plant the deciduous trees such as Acacia, white popinac, wing pod wood in the ranks, tea tree has been planted the perennial clover of spending in vain between also in the ranks, has formed the artificial complexity system of a careless three-decker of tall filling.The complicated ecosystem improves the ecotope in tea place, strengthen the nature ability of regulation and control, to natural enemy, create the good place of perching, breed, the species quantity in tea place is than single tea place many 77.6%, the birds activities such as parus major, thrush, starling are often arranged, spider, Predatory Mites, syrphus fly, Chrysopa, ladybug, to hunt the predator individual amounts such as stinkbug and tiger beetle more 118.8% than single tea place, and the primary pest individual amounts such as false eye leafhopper, tea aphid, tea geometrid, tea bagworm only have 45.4% of single (pure) tea place.
5. tea yield and quality have been improved.Compound ecological tea garden and pure tea place relatively bud-leaf number and the output of spring tea do not have significant difference, and bud-leaf number and the output of the output of summer, autumn tea are higher by 27% ~ 34% than pure tea place.Shading of arbor arranged, diffused light be take as main in tea place, in tealeaves, the content of amino acid, chlorophyll, caffeine and water extraction is all in various degree higher than pure tea place, particularly the amino acid content of summer, autumn tea is distinguished pure tea place high 37.3% and 35.7%, and chlorophyll content is respectively than pure tea place high 31.7% and 29.1%.It is emerald green that tealeaves shows as Appearance color, and the soup look emerald green is bright, and fragrance Li Xiang is lasting, and yellowish green fresh and alive at the bottom of leaf, whole sensory evaluation is better than pure tea place, and its kind has met or exceeded the level of quality of the ad eundem tealeaves of alpineteafield same time production.
6. significantly reduce tea place nitrous oxide (N
2O) discharge (as shown in table 3).
Inferior nitrogen (the N of table 3 tea place fertilising rear oxidation
2O) emission behaviour
Annotate: high N is treated to and executes the fertile amount of N 400kg/hm
2, high N is treated to and executes the fertile amount of N 200kg/hm
2.
In a word, this cultivation method has enriched the tea place bio-diversity, has improved the tea place ecological condition, has increased tea yield, has improved tea leaf quality, has particularly significantly reduced nitrous oxide (N
2O) discharge, be conducive to improve tea district ecotope, more can in tealeaves international trade from now on, avoid the carbon tariff barrier and meet with economic loss, and fabulous popularizing application prospect is arranged.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of tea place greenhouse gases nitrous oxide (N
2O) method reduced discharging, the steps include:
1. tea place shading: in tea place around and tea tree plant tall and big pulse family deciduous tree in the ranks, planting density is with per hectare 140-160 strain, seeding row spacing is advisable with 10m * 10m, as Acacia, white popinac, wing pod wood etc.; Between tea place, the tall and big pulse family deciduous tree shading of plantation both had been conducive to the tea leaf quality improvement, and leguminous plant root system rhizobium can be fixed as the nitrogen form that tea tree can absorb by nitrogen in atmosphere simultaneously, reduce the amount of application of tea place nitrogenous fertilizer.
2. join and execute high-quality fertilizer (rapeseed cake fertilizer): test shows that the fertile cake replacing fertilizer of vegetable seed is conducive to tea leaf quality and improves, and particularly in tealeaves, amino acid (main bright refreshing and flavor component in tealeaves) increases with the raising of substitution ratio; Effectively reduce simultaneously the discharge of tea place greenhouse gases.
3. inoculate Trichoderma (Trichodermaviride), when early and middle ten days basal dressing in September (colza cake), admix the trichoderma viride bio-fertilizer in rapeseed cake fertilizer, according to weight ratio 3:1(rapeseed cake fertilizer: the ratio trichoderma viride bio-fertilizer) is admixed.Generally that the Trichoderma fertilizer of 2250kg rapeseed cake fertilizer and 750kg fermenting-ripening is fully mixed evenly to apply in 1 hectare of tea place and got final product.
4. between tea place, plant leguminous green manure: between tea place, plant leguminous green manure: set in the ranks in tea place, leguminous green manure is all planted on the ground, space such as road is other, terraced wall, require the green plant height of pulse family lower than tea line height (70cm), generally select butch clover (Trifoliumrepens).Utilize space, tea place ground plantation leguminous green manure can assimilate more carbonic acid gas, also reduce the discharge of tea place carbonic acid gas (main greenhouse gas a kind of); Leguminous green manure root system rhizobium can fixedly be converted into nitrogen in atmosphere the nitrogen form (ammoniacal nitrogen) that tea tree can absorb simultaneously, reduce the amount of application of tea place chemical state nitrogenous fertilizer, also reach the target of the discharge that reduces nitrous oxide.
Claims (1)
1. the method that tea place greenhouse gases nitrous oxide reduces discharging, the steps include:
1. tea place shading: in tea place around and tea tree plant the pulse family deciduous tree in the ranks, planting density is with per hectare 140-160 strain, seeding row spacing is 10m * 10m, the pulse family deciduous tree shading of planting between tea place is conducive to tea leaf quality and improves, leguminous plant root system rhizobium are fixed as by nitrogen in atmosphere the nitrogen form that tea tree absorbs simultaneously, reduce the amount of application of tea place nitrogenous fertilizer;
Described pulse family deciduous tree is wherein a kind of of Acacia, white popinac, wing pod wood;
2. join organic fertilizer: the rapeseed cake fertilizer replacing fertilizer is beneficial to tea leaf quality to be improved, and in tealeaves, amino acid increases with the raising of substitution ratio; 100% colza cake replacing fertilizer processing nitrous oxide annual emissions only has 100% chemical fertilizer to process 50% simultaneously, utilizes colza cake agricultural wastes replacing fertilizer effectively to reduce the discharge of tea place greenhouse gases;
3. inoculate Trichoderma, in September, in rapeseed cake fertilizer, admix the trichoderma viride bio-fertilizer during early and middle ten days basal dressing, ratio according to weight ratio 3:1 is admixed, the Trichoderma fertilizer of 2250kg rapeseed cake fertilizer and 750kg fermenting-ripening is mixed and is evenly applied in 1 hectare of tea place, in fertilizer, admix the utilization ratio that the trichoderma viride bio-fertilizer improves N in fertilizer, reduce the discharge of nitrous oxide;
4. between tea place, plant leguminous green manure: the tea place tree, other, the terraced wall of road space is all planted leguminous green manure in the ranks, the leguminous green manure plant height is lower than the tea line height, select butch clover, utilize ground, space, tea place plantation leguminous green manure assimilation carbonic acid gas, reduce the discharge of tea place carbonic acid gas; Leguminous green manure root system rhizobium fixedly are converted into by nitrogen in atmosphere the nitrogen form that tea tree absorbs simultaneously, reduce the amount of application of tea place chemical state nitrogenous fertilizer, reach the target of the discharge that reduces nitrous oxide.
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| CN103436471A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-11 | 福州大用生物应用科技有限公司 | Composite micro-ecological preparation for nursery stock planting |
| CN103975750A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-13 | 全椒贡菊园茶厂 | Planting method of tea trees |
| CN105399512A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-16 | 罗杰 | Compound fertilizer special for quercus fabri Hance and preparation method |
| CN105418224A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-23 | 罗杰 | Special compound fertilizer for lithocarpus hancei (Benth.) Rehd and preparation method |
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| CN105418226A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-23 | 罗杰 | Compound fertilizer special for lithocarpus carolinae and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105399513A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-16 | 罗杰 | Compound fertilizer special for lithocarpus amygdalifolius and preparing method thereof |
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| CN105367268A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-02 | 罗杰 | Special compound fertilizer for lithocarpus elmerrillii and preparation method |
| CN107969182A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-05-01 | 吴洪生 | It is a kind of to have ecological method that is disease-resistant and reducing the place greenhouse gas emissions such as farm and application concurrently |
| AU2019356502A1 (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2021-04-08 | Locus Ip Company, Llc | Materials and methods for enhanced carbon utilization and/or sequestration as well as reducing deleterious atmospheric gases |
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