CN102909385B - Preparation method of powder metallurgy tool and mould steel - Google Patents
Preparation method of powder metallurgy tool and mould steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN102909385B CN102909385B CN201210387449.9A CN201210387449A CN102909385B CN 102909385 B CN102909385 B CN 102909385B CN 201210387449 A CN201210387449 A CN 201210387449A CN 102909385 B CN102909385 B CN 102909385B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of powder metallurgy tool and mould steel. The preparation method combines the advantages of vacuum induction melting, inert gas atomized powdering process and powder metallurgy technology, and comprises the steps of utilizing gas atomized powdering equipment to melt tool and mould steel, preparing high-quality tool and mould steel powder with little porosity powder, little nonmetal inclusion and a small size through an optimally designed negative pressure powdering process, and preparing high-quality powder metallurgy tool and mould steel ingot through further thermal dynamic degassing, sheathing and hot isostatic pressing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of preparation method of powder metallurgy mould steel, belongs to powder metallurgy mould steel preparing technical field.
Background technology
The industries such as the automobile of China, Aeronautics and Astronautics and equipment manufacture are in the high speed development stage, just progressively by manufacturing big country, to manufacturing power, change.Advanced Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile product require parts to have more excellent properties, more low-cost more high-environmental, and processing technology requires to have faster process velocity, more high reliability, high repeatable accuracy reproducibility.The existing tool die material of China be take and melted forging process as main, owing to being subject to the restriction of smelting technology, alloying level is low, carbide is thick, segregation is serious, skewness, the performance levels such as wear-resisting, impact and cutting are on the low side, although there is advantage with low cost in it, but be difficult to meet the requirement of high-speed and high-efficiency processing and difficult-to-machine material, be only applicable to mid and low-end products.The carbides-free segregation of powder metallurgy mould steel and carbide are tiny, and bending strength is the more than 2 times of traditional mould steel, and wearability and high temperature hardness all increase substantially, and are widely used in crucial cutter, mould and the critical components such as large modulus heavy duty cutting hobbing cutter.
China is mould steel big producing country in the world, but comprises that the high-performance mould steel production Technology of powder metallurgy mould steel and international most advanced level exist obvious gap.Powder metallurgy mould steel is the main body selection of at present external production high-performance, the complicated tool and mould of large scale, and its major technique is exactly powder metallurgical technique.China's powder metallurgy mould steel fails to be broken through always, is mainly in technique, to have obstacle, is mainly that the mould steel gas content prepared by existing technique is higher, and non-metallic inclusion quantity is on the high side, and size is bigger than normal, unstable properties.
From external development, along with processing manufacturing industry is to Chinese transfer, and domestic from the development of process unit technical elements, the application market of powder metallurgy mould steel also can be accelerated to concentrate and development to China, industry prediction year the growth rate of demand will be between 15～30%.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of powder metallurgy mould steel just for above-mentioned prior art situation design, its objective is the problem existing in above-mentioned powder metallurgy mould steel preparation technology that solves.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The preparation method of this kind of powder metallurgy mould steel, is characterized in that:
(1) by mould steel foundry alloy or according to chemical composition proportioning take metallic element material, pack in the vacuum induction melting crucible of powder by gas-atomization stove;
(2) working chamber of powder by gas-atomization stove and spray chamber are vacuumized to vacuum < 20Pa;
(3) power transmission heating foundry alloy or metallic element material be to fusing completely, continue to be heated to 1500 ℃～1600 ℃ after refining 10～20 minutes;
(4), after refining completes, powder by gas-atomization stove is filled to high-purity argon gas; Purity of argon > 99.999%wt, O
2< 2ppm, pressure is 0.25～0.35Mpa, after inflation, the spray chamber internal pressure of powder by gas-atomization stove is 0.04～0.08Mpa;
(5) after powder by gas-atomization stove has been inflated, keep aluminium alloy temperature at 1500 ℃～1600 ℃, aluminium alloy in induction melting crucible is slowly toppled over into tundish system, when aluminium alloy flows out after the 1～2s of mozzle lower end, open valve and the gas extraction system valve of high pressure nitrogen nozzle, with high pure nitrogen alloy liquid, carry out atomization, nitrogen gas purity > 99.999%wt, O
2< 2ppm, atomizing pressure is 4.0～6.0Mpa;
In atomization process, by regulating gas extraction system, remain that the pressure in the spray chamber of powder by gas-atomization stove is 0.04～0.08Mpa;
(6) after aluminium alloy atomization, start immediately vacuum system, the working chamber of powder by gas-atomization stove and spray chamber are vacuumized to < 20Pa;
(7) the mould steel powder making is stored in the powder tank that is full of argon gas atmosphere;
(8) the mould steel powder in powder tank is sieved, obtain < 100 object mould steel powder, in powder removes steam stove, mould steel powder is carried out to dynamically degasification of heat, 200 ℃～600 ℃ of powder heating-up temperatures, powder is except the vacuum < 5 * 10-2Pa of steam stove, after degasification, directly pack into and be connected in advance powder except in the jacket on steam stove, after filling, carry out soldering and sealing;
(9) the good jacket of soldering and sealing is sent in hot isostatic press and carried out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), 1050 ℃～1200 ℃ of hip temperatures, pressure > 100Mpa, time > 2h, cooling with stove.
Technical solution of the present invention is for the feature of powder metallurgy mould steel material, adopt negative-pressure atomizing technique, in conjunction with contrast test, in the process of vacuum melting, add the refining of 10～20 minutes, this measure can effectively reduce the oxygen content in alloy, vacuum is when being less than 20pa simultaneously, and oxygen content variation tendency is not obvious.The mode that adopts argon shield melting and nitrogen atomization to combine, is conducive to reduce the generation of non-metallic inclusion, controls the gas content in alloy, puies forward heavy alloyed combination property.
The advantage of technical solution of the present invention is:
(1) negative-pressure atomizing prevents that molten steel Yin Wendu in atomization process from reducing the catheter causing and stopping up, and has guaranteed that molten steel can smooth and easyly flow to nozzle place and carry out atomization;
(2) reduced hollow powder.Under suction function, the reciprocation of atomization gas and molten steel is stronger, improves the degree of crushing of molten steel, has further reduced powder size.Because powder size is less, specific area is larger, adds the capillary effect of molten metal, and in subnormal ambient, gas is difficult to entrain in metal drop, has therefore reduced hollow powder and has produced;
(3) reduce non-metallic inclusion size; Because the median particle diameter of fine powder further reduces, therefore, the size of non-metallic inclusion also further reduces;
(4) dynamically degasification jacket is integrated for heat.In powder sieving and jacket process, the physical absorption of mould steel powder meeting generating portion gas, causes some gases as O2, H
2the absorption of O, Ar etc., affects final alloy ingot blank quality, and dynamically degasification jacket is integrated to adopt heat, reduces preparation technology's flow process, effectively reduces the gas absorption of this type, improves alloy ingot blank quality and reduces costs.
The specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is further described:
Embodiment
The step that adopts technical solution of the present invention to prepare powder metallurgy mould steel is:
(1) composition of powder metallurgy mould steel and percentage by weight are; C:2.30%, Cr:4.00%, Co:10.60%, Mo:7.00%, V:6.60%, W:6.50%, surplus is Fe;
(2) charging: by the foundry alloy of preparing by above-mentioned chemical composition and proportioning or according to chemical composition proportioning take metallic element material, pack the vacuum induction melting crucible of powder by gas-atomization stove into;
Vacuum induction melting crucible adopts the standby crucible of magnesium aluminate spinel isostatic pressing;
(3) working chamber and spray chamber vacuumize; Adopt mechanical pump and lobe pump Primary pump system to vacuumize the working chamber of powder by gas-atomization stove and spray chamber, vacuum < 20Pa;
(4) power transmission heating molten alloy material: in vacuum environment, power transmission heating foundry alloy or metallic element material are to fusing completely, after continuing to be heated to 1500 ℃～1600 ℃, refining is 10～20 minutes, makes the foundry alloy of fusing or the abundant deoxidation of metallic element material and composition homogenising more;
(5) inflation: after refining completes, powder by gas-atomization stove is filled to high-purity argon gas; Purity of argon > 99.999%wt, O
2< 2ppm, pressure is 0.25～0.35Mpa, after inflation, the spray chamber internal pressure of powder by gas-atomization stove is 0.04～0.08Mpa;
(6) negative-pressure atomizing: after powder by gas-atomization stove has been inflated, keep aluminium alloy temperature at 1500 ℃～1600 ℃, aluminium alloy in induction melting crucible is slowly toppled over into tundish system, when observing aluminium alloy, flow out after the 1～2s of mozzle lower end, open valve and the gas extraction system valve of high pressure nitrogen nozzle, with high pure nitrogen alloy liquid, carry out atomization, nitrogen gas purity > 99.999%wt, O
2< 2ppm, atomizing pressure is 4.0～6.0Mpa;
In atomization process, by regulating gas extraction system, remain that the pressure in the spray chamber of powder by gas-atomization stove is 0.04～0.08Mpa;
(7) after aluminium alloy atomization, start immediately vacuum system, the working chamber of powder by gas-atomization stove and spray chamber are vacuumized to < 20Pa;
Mould steel powder is stored in the powder tank that is full of argon gas atmosphere;
(8) the mould steel powder in powder tank is sieved, obtain < 100 object mould steel powder, in powder removes steam stove, mould steel powder is carried out to dynamically degasification of heat, 200 ℃～600 ℃ of powder heating-up temperatures, powder is except the vacuum < 5 * 10 of steam stove
-2pa, directly packs into after degasification and is connected in advance powder except in the jacket on steam stove, carries out soldering and sealing after filling;
(9) the good jacket of soldering and sealing is sent in hot isostatic press and carried out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), 1050 ℃～1200 ℃ of hip temperatures, pressure > 100Mpa, time > 2h, cooling with stove.
Compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention combines the advantage of vacuum induction melting, inert gas atomizer powder process and PM technique, utilize powder by gas-atomization equipment smelter mould steel, by the negative pressure flouring technology of optimal design, prepare the high-quality mould steel powder that hollow powder is few, non-metallic inclusion quantity is few, size is little, by the dynamic degasification of further heat, jacket and high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), prepare high-quality powder metallurgy tool and mould steel ingot.
Claims (1)
1. a preparation method for powder metallurgy mould steel, is characterized in that:
(1) by mould steel foundry alloy or according to chemical composition proportioning take metallic element material, pack in the vacuum induction melting crucible of powder by gas-atomization stove;
(2) working chamber of powder by gas-atomization stove and spray chamber are vacuumized to vacuum < 20Pa;
(3) power transmission heating foundry alloy or metallic element material be to fusing completely, continue to be heated to 1500 ℃～1600 ℃ after refining 10～20 minutes;
(4), after refining completes, powder by gas-atomization stove is filled to high-purity argon gas; Purity of argon > 99.999%wt, O
2< 2ppm, pressure is 0.25～0.35Mpa, after inflation, the spray chamber internal pressure of powder by gas-atomization stove is 0.04～0.08Mpa;
(5) after powder by gas-atomization stove has been inflated, keep aluminium alloy temperature at 1500 ℃～1600 ℃, aluminium alloy in induction melting crucible is slowly toppled over into tundish system, when aluminium alloy flows out after the 1～2s of mozzle lower end, open valve and the gas extraction system valve of high pressure nitrogen nozzle, with high pure nitrogen alloy liquid, carry out atomization, nitrogen gas purity > 99.999%wt, O
2< 2ppm, atomizing pressure is 4.0～6.0Mpa;
In atomization process, by regulating gas extraction system, remain that the pressure in the spray chamber of powder by gas-atomization stove is 0.04～0.08Mpa;
(6) after aluminium alloy atomization, start immediately vacuum system, the working chamber of powder by gas-atomization stove and spray chamber are vacuumized to < 20Pa;
(7) the mould steel powder making is stored in the powder tank that is full of argon gas atmosphere;
(8) the mould steel powder in powder tank is sieved, obtain < 100 object mould steel powder, in powder removes steam stove, mould steel powder is carried out to dynamically degasification of heat, 200 ℃～600 ℃ of powder heating-up temperatures, powder is except the vacuum < 5 * 10 of steam stove
-2pa, directly packs into after degasification and is connected in advance powder except in the jacket on steam stove, carries out soldering and sealing after filling;
(9) the good jacket of soldering and sealing is sent in hot isostatic press and carried out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), 1050 ℃～1200 ℃ of hip temperatures, pressure > 100Mpa, time > 2h, cooling with stove.
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