CN102878910A - Inclined plane instrument device for measuring friction coefficient and friction angle of granular materials - Google Patents
Inclined plane instrument device for measuring friction coefficient and friction angle of granular materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN102878910A CN102878910A CN2012104134627A CN201210413462A CN102878910A CN 102878910 A CN102878910 A CN 102878910A CN 2012104134627 A CN2012104134627 A CN 2012104134627A CN 201210413462 A CN201210413462 A CN 201210413462A CN 102878910 A CN102878910 A CN 102878910A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of physical property detection of materials and particularly relates to an inclined plane instrument device for measuring the friction coefficient and the friction angle of granular materials on different material plate elements. Firstly, operators uniformly pave the granular materials to be measured onto a placed plate element, in addition, the included angle between the plate element and the horizontal plane is continuously increased until the materials on the plate element fall into a material collecting disc, and then, the friction angle or the friction coefficient is obtained through a measuring device. The device adopts a rocker mechanism and has a self locking function, and the measuring device comprises a circular arc ruler and a straight rule. Through the self locking function, the operators can release a rocker in experiments for intently regulating the sight line and observing readings. The fixed connection of the upper end and the lower end of the circular arc ruler and the straight ruler adopts a connecting plate with a certain thickness, and the warping in the vertical direction is avoided, so the measurement precision is ensured, and the effect of side plate reinforcing ribs is realized. The design of the material collecting disc at the lower part fully considers the requirements of multiple repeated experiments. The device has the advantages that the external connection of a power supply is not needed, and the device can be placed on the ground or a horizontal test table in a laboratory.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the physical property detection field of material, particularly a kind of for measuring the angle of friction of bulk solid material on the different materials plate and the inclined-plane instrument apparatus of friction factor.
Background technology
At agricultural engineering field, particularly in the feed processing process, the angle of friction of bulk solid material and certain material and friction factor are the important parameters of the operations such as storage, transportation, processing.The researchs such as property of raw material evaluation, production of fodder are energy-saving and cost-reducing all relate to the measurement of angle of friction and friction factor.
At present the measuring method of friction factor is that material is placed on the tiltable plate, material just on the slave plate angle of landing be angle of friction, and friction factor can calculate according to angle of friction.Utility model patent " frictionmeter " (application number 99251092.9) and patent of invention " non-granular material friction angle analyzer " (application number 200510079351.7) adopt the mode of threaded adjusting to regulate the angle of tiltable plate and surface level, in the large situation of tested number, be unfavorable for that the operator carries out the test operation of the limit adjusting edge observation of repetition.
Utility model patent " a kind of friction coefficient measurement device " (application number 201020149263.6) is mainly used in the Physical Experiment teaching demonstration to the student, has good intuitive, adopt register pin as the mode at adjustable inclined surface apparatus inclination angle, poor continuity and the amplitude of accommodation are little, so be not suitable for experimental study.
Some scientific research personnel once designed some easy inclined-plane instrument in experiment work.Economize such as Shi Wei and to use homemade inclined-plane instrument that the friction factor of different water cut water gaging wax gourd fruit is measured in 2002, Chung and for example, Y.C adopted the hang plate of adjustable-angle to finish the measurement of the angle of friction of cereal in 2004, the two has all adopted the rocking bar regulative mode that relatively is beneficial to operation; But the test unit that adopts does not have auto-lock function, and is not equipped with the measurement mechanism that reads angle of friction and directly draw friction factor.
Patent of invention " for the device of testing friction with self-locking " (application number 200810218360.3) links to each other inclinometer, tautness meter and displacement transducer with computing machine, can accurately draw the relative sliding friction force of subjects, but the method angle of regulation range is little, require testee evenly continuous, be not suitable for the test of bulk solid material frictional behaviour.Patent of invention " automatic detection device of seed self-flowing angle " (application number 201010504693.X) adopts image capturing system to determine beginning angle and the last angle that seed rolls under certain material, and realizes the detection of angle by scrambler; This device is applicable to this special detection of seed self-flowing angle, and to the mensuration of general bulk solid material angle of friction, is necessary to design the test unit that a kind of operation is easier, more directly perceived, cost is cheaper.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to solve the angle of friction of bulk solid material on different materials and the measurement problem of friction factor, a kind of inclined-plane instrument apparatus for measuring bulk solid material angle of friction and friction factor on the different materials plate is provided, one side at rocking bar 1 place is the operating side of this device, it is characterized in that, operating side curb girder 6 is connected beam 10 by some support bar 12 usefulness bolts connections with not operation, consist of inclined-plane instrument base; The distolateral plate of operating side side plate 5 and not operation 11 lower ends are fixed in respectively on operating side curb girder 6 and the distolateral beam 10 of not operation with bolt, and the upper end bending also connects by top board 18 usefulness bolts; Traction rope twines axle 3 and passes operating side side plate 5 and the distolateral plate 11 of not operation, and two ends are fixed by the bearing with base, and are welded with rocking bar 1 in operating side side plate 5 outsides; Vari ramp 16 forward positions are welded with swash plate rotating shaft 8, and the two ends of swash plate rotating shaft 8 link to each other by the distolateral plate 11 of bearing and operating side side plate 5 and not operation.When measuring angle of friction and friction factor, at first tested plate 15 is placed on the vari ramp 16 the distolateral operator of operation, and its forward position is attached on the spacing column 9 that is positioned at vari ramp 16 front ends, more tested bulk solid material 14 evenly is tiled in the top of tested plate 15; Rotating rocker 1 increases the angle of tested plate 15 and surface level by draw-gear, until tested bulk solid material 14 from tested plate 15 landings to receiver 7, then can decontrol rocking bar 1, vari ramp 16 is locked on the fixing angle by self-locking device; Obtain angle of friction and the friction factor of material by measurement mechanism.
In the described draw-gear, adopt traction rope 17 to pass the traction rope pilot hole 19 of vari ramp 16 rear ends, be upward through again and be positioned at traction rope to twine both direction in the middle of the axle 3 identical and perpendicular to the hole in axle center, then again pass traction rope pilot hole 19 downwards, and use wire line clamp 23 and its head end to block at the downside of vari ramp 16, when operator's rotating rocker 1, traction rope 17 constantly is wrapped in traction rope and twines on the axle 3, and the rear end of vari ramp 16 can upwards be lifted under the drive of wire line clamp 23.
Described measurement mechanism comprises dial scale 13 and ruler 4, reads the scale of vari ramp 16 indication on dial scale 13 and can learn angle of friction, and the scale value of vari ramp 16 indication on ruler 4 is friction factor divided by 100mm.The measurement range of dial scale 13 is 0 ° to 90 °, and 0 ° of scale mark is on the plane on edge on the distolateral beam 10 of not operation, and the profile of dial scale 13 is the quadrant arc, and the center of circle of this circular arc is passed in the axle center of swash plate rotating shaft 8; Ruler 4 is perpendicular to the ground, is close to edge on the operating side curb girder 6 along the 0mm scale mark down.The scale face of dial scale 13 and ruler 4 is all towards the operating side.
In the described self-locking device, ratchet 2 is fixed on the traction rope winding axle 3 by the key connection near the inboard of operating side side plate 5, and ratchet 2 supporting ratchets 24 also are fixed in the rotation of the inboard restriction ratchet 2 of operating side side plate 5; Side plate 5 upper end dogleg section in operating side are welded with spring limited post 26, and spring 25 passes spring limited post 26 upper ends and withstands on operating side side plate 5 dogleg section inboard, and the lower end is attached on the ratchet 24; Because the gravity of ratchet 24 and the resilient force of spring 25, when operator's rotating rocker 1, from the visual angle, operating side, traction rope twines axle 3 and can only clockwise rotate, and can't rotate counterclockwise, so tested plate 15 can only be to the direction variation that increases with the angle of surface level; After test was finished, the operator can apply external force and move ratchet 24 vari ramp 16 is fallen after rise.
In the described self-locking device, whenever finishing the angle that self-locking vari ramp 16 lifts increases by 0.5 ° at the most.
Described vari ramp 16 front ends are welded with the spacing column 9 of 2 symmetries, and the rear end centre bit is equipped with traction rope pilot hole 19.
The material of described operating side curb girder 6 and the distolateral beam 10 of not operation is angle steel, and a right-angle side is inboard towards the inclined-plane instrument during installation, and another right-angle side is attached to level ground or testing table.
Distance between the axle center of the center of circle of described dial scale 13 and traction rope winding axle 3 is greater than the center of circle of dial scale 13 and the distance of wire line clamp 23.
Arbitrfary point on described swash plate rotating shaft 8 axle center equates apart from the upper and lower surface distance of vari ramp 16.
Described dial scale 13 lower ends are fixed in the distolateral beam of not operation 10 inboards with bolt, accompany dial scale clamping plate 20 in the middle of both, and the thickness of the distolateral plate 10 of thickness NOT-AND operation of dial scale clamping plate 20 equates.
The 0mm scale mark of described ruler 4 overlaps with its lower edge, and the lower end links to each other with operating side curb girder 6 by ruler lower end fixed head 21, and connected mode adopts sunk screw, and the screw tail end is towards the operating side; The upper end links to each other with operating side side plate 5 by ruler upper end fixed head 22, and the thickness that the angle steel material thickness that operating side curb girder 6 adopts deducts ruler 4 is the thickness of fixed head 22 on the ruler; The distance of center circle of ruler 4 limits, scale mark place and dial scale 13 is from being 100mm.
The scoop structure that described receiver 7 adopts steel plate bending to form.Receiver side 72 has hook formation, can make it be suspended on the centre of operating side curb girder 6 and the distolateral beam 10 of not operation; The position that front end extends surpasses the position at the place of swash plate rotating shaft 8; It is distolateral that receiver baffle plate 71 is positioned at the inclined-plane instrument.
Characteristics of the present invention:
1, measure accurately, the datum line that measurement mechanism is installed overlaps with measuring the used datum line in hang plate angle of inclination, and the certain thickness plate of affixed employing of upper and lower side is not so that distortion of vertical direction occurs for it.
2, easy to operate, the design of auto-lock function makes the operator can decontrol rocking bar, attentively adjusts the sight line observed reading, and the design of below receiver has taken into full account on the same group the repeatedly demand of revision test of sample.
3, numerical value reads intuitively, can draw fast specific material and angle of friction and friction factor with respect to certain material by measurement mechanism effectively.
4, it is flexible to put the place, and this device adopts manual rocking bar as the drive unit that lifts swash plate, need not external power supply; The place of putting of this instrument can be more optionally set on mostly testing table or the ground of outfit level in the testing laboratory.
5, stabilization of equipment performance is good, and base adopts the face contact at angle steel right angle, measures the effect that used dial scale and ruler also play the side plate reinforcement; Two curb girders have receiver to be connected in the position that connecting link is not set, and have increased the stability of base.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: this inclined-plane instrument apparatus can make the operator realize effective measurement to bulk solid material friction factor, adopts the endplay device of easy operating to be equipped with auto-lock function, can draw simultaneously angle of friction and friction factor from measurement mechanism.This instrument is that condition has been created in the correlative study of bulk solid physical property, and cost of manufacture is low, thereby has good generalization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic three dimensional views of inclined-plane instrument apparatus;
The schematic top plan view of Fig. 2 vari ramp;
Fig. 3 is the measurement mechanism synoptic diagram of instrument apparatus operating side, inclined-plane;
Fig. 4 is the self-locking device synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the schematic three dimensional views of receiver;
Among the figure, 1--rocking bar, 2--ratchet, the 3--traction rope twines axle, 4--ruler, 5--operating side side plate, 6--operating side curb girder, 7--receiver, the rotating shaft of 8--swash plate, the spacing column of 9--, the distolateral beam of 10--not operation, the distolateral plate of 11--not operation, the 12--support bar, 13--dial scale, 14--bulk solid material, the tested plate of 15--, 16--vari ramp, 17--traction rope, the 18--top board, 19--traction rope pilot hole, 20--dial scale clamping plate, 21--ruler lower end fixed head, 22--ruler upper end fixed head, 23--wire line clamp, the 24--ratchet, 25--spring, 26--spring limited post, 71--receiver baffle plate, 72--receiver side.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples concrete structure of the present invention is further specified.
The schematic three dimensional views of inclined-plane instrument apparatus a kind ofly can be laid the different materials plate as shown in Figure 1, and regulates, locks the inclined-plane instrument apparatus of itself and horizontal plane angle, can realize the angle of friction of bulk solid material on different materials and the measurement of friction factor.One side at rocking bar 1 place is the operating side of this device, it is characterized in that, operating side curb girder 6 is connected beam 10 by 2 support bar 12 usefulness bolts connections with not operation, consist of inclined-plane instrument base; The distolateral plate of operating side side plate 5 and not operation 11 lower ends are fixed in respectively on operating side curb girder 6 and the distolateral beam 10 of not operation with bolt, and the upper end bending also connects by top board 18 usefulness bolts; Traction rope twines axle 3 and passes operating side side plate 5 and the distolateral plate 11 of not operation, and two ends are fixed by the bearing with base, and are welded with rocking bar 1 in operating side side plate 5 outsides; Vari ramp 16 forward positions are welded with swash plate rotating shaft 8, and the two ends of swash plate rotating shaft 8 link to each other by the distolateral plate 11 of bearing and operating side side plate 5 and not operation.When measuring angle of friction and friction factor, at first tested plate 15 is placed on the vari ramp 16 the distolateral operator of operation, and its forward position is attached on the spacing column 9 that is positioned at vari ramp 16 front ends, more tested bulk solid material 14 evenly is tiled in the top of tested plate 15; Rotating rocker 1 increases the angle of tested plate 15 and surface level by draw-gear, until tested bulk solid material 14 from tested plate 15 landings to receiver 7, then can decontrol rocking bar 1, vari ramp 16 is locked on the fixing angle by the lock self-locking devices; Obtain required angle of friction and friction factor by measurement mechanism.The material of the distolateral beam 10 of operating side curb girder 6 and not operation is angle steel, and a right-angle side is inboard towards the inclined-plane instrument during installation, and another right-angle side is attached to level ground or experiment table.
The enforcement of draw-gear as shown in Figures 2 and 3, vari ramp 16 front ends are welded with the spacing column 9 of 2 symmetries, the rear end centre bit is equipped with traction rope pilot hole 19; Arbitrfary point on swash plate rotating shaft 8 axle center equates apart from the upper and lower surface distance of vari ramp 16.Traction rope 17 passes the traction rope pilot hole 19 of vari ramp 16 rear ends, be upward through again and be positioned at traction rope to twine both direction in the middle of the axle 3 identical and perpendicular to the hole in axle center, then again pass traction rope pilot hole 19 downwards, and use wire line clamp 23 and its head end to block at the downside of vari ramp 16, when operator's rotating rocker 1, traction rope 17 constantly is wrapped in traction rope and twines on the axle 3, and the rear end of vari ramp 16 can upwards be lifted under the drive of wire line clamp 23.Distance between the axle center of the center of circle of dial scale 13 and traction rope winding axle 3 is greater than the center of circle of dial scale 13 and the distance of wire line clamp 23.
Measurement mechanism as shown in Figure 3, measurement mechanism comprises dial scale 13 and ruler 4, reads the scale of vari ramp 16 indication on dial scale 13 and can learn angle of friction, the scale value of vari ramp 16 indication on ruler 4 is friction factor divided by 100mm.The measurement range of dial scale 13 is 0 ° to 90 °, and 0 ° of scale mark is on the plane on edge on the distolateral beam 10 of not operation, and the profile of dial scale 13 is the quadrant arc, and the center of circle of this circular arc is passed in the axle center of swash plate rotating shaft 8; Ruler 4 is perpendicular to the ground, is close to edge on the operating side curb girder 6 along the 0mm scale mark down.Dial scale 13 lower ends are fixed in the distolateral beam of not operation 10 inboards with bolt, accompany dial scale clamping plate 20 in the middle of both, and the thickness of the distolateral plate 10 of thickness NOT-AND operation of dial scale clamping plate 20 equates.The 0mm scale mark of ruler 4 overlaps with its lower edge, and the lower end links to each other with operating side curb girder 6 by ruler lower end fixed head 21, and connected mode adopts sunk screw, and the screw tail end is towards the operating side; The upper end links to each other with operating side side plate 5 by ruler upper end fixed head 22, and the thickness that the angle steel material thickness that operating side curb girder 6 adopts deducts ruler 4 is the thickness of fixed head 22 on the ruler; The distance of center circle of ruler 4 limits, scale mark place and behaviour and dial scale 13 is from being 100mm.The scale face of dial scale 13 and ruler 4 is all towards the operating side.
Self-locking device as shown in Figure 4, ratchet 2 connects by key near the inboard of operating side side plates 5 and is fixed in traction rope and twines on the axle 3, and ratchet 2 supporting ratchets 24 also are fixed in the rotation of the inboard restriction ratchet 2 of operating side side plate 5; Side plate 5 upper end dogleg section in operating side are welded with spring limited post 26, and spring 25 passes spring limited post 26 upper ends and withstands on operating side side plate 5 dogleg section inboard, and the lower end is attached on the ratchet 24; Because the gravity of ratchet 24 and the resilient force of spring 25, when operator's rotating rocker 1, from the visual angle, operating side, traction rope twines axle 3 and can only clockwise rotate, and can't rotate counterclockwise, so tested plate 15 can only be to the direction variation that increases with the angle of surface level; After test was finished, the operator can apply external force and move ratchet 24 vari ramp 16 is fallen after rise.In the self-locking device, whenever finishing the angle that self-locking vari ramp 16 lifts increases by 0.5 ° at the most.
Such as Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 5, the scoop structure that receiver 7 adopts steel plate bending to form.Receiver side 72 has hook formation, can make it be suspended on the centre of operating side curb girder 6 and the distolateral beam 10 of not operation; The position that front end extends surpasses the position at the place of swash plate rotating shaft 8; It is distolateral that receiver baffle plate 71 is positioned at the inclined-plane instrument apparatus.
The above; only be the better embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; not necessarily take an end affixed such as traction rope and winding axle, hang plate; also can take two ends all to use wire line clamp affixed; and for example when ratchet possessed certain gravity, the spring in the self-locking device can be removed from.Anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (8)
1. inclined-plane instrument apparatus of be used for measuring bulk solid material angle of friction and friction factor on the different materials plate, one side at rocking bar (1) place is the operating side of this device, it is characterized in that, operating side curb girder (6) is connected beam (10) by some support bars (12) connection with not operation, consist of inclined-plane instrument base; Operating side side plate (5) and the distolateral plate of not operation (11) lower end are fixed in respectively on operating side curb girder (6) and the distolateral beam of not operation (10), and the upper end connects by top board (18); Traction rope twines axle (3) and passes operating side side plate (5) and the distolateral plate of not operation (11), and two ends are fixed by the bearing with base, and is connected with rocking bar (1) in operating side side plate (5) outside; Vari ramp (16) forward position is welded with swash plate rotating shaft (8), and the two ends of swash plate rotating shaft (8) link to each other with the distolateral plate of not operation (11) with operating side side plate (5) by bearing; When measuring angle of friction and friction factor, at first tested plate (15) is placed on the vari ramp (16), and its forward position is attached on the spacing column (9) that is positioned at vari ramp (16) front end, more tested bulk solid material (14) evenly is tiled in the top of tested plate (15); Rotating rocker (1) increases the angle of tested plate (15) and surface level by draw-gear, until tested bulk solid material (14) from tested plate (15) landing to receiver (7), then decontrol rocking bar (1), vari ramp (16) is locked on the fixing angle by self-locking device; Obtain angle of friction and the friction factor of material by measurement mechanism;
In the described draw-gear, adopt traction rope (17) to connect the rear end of vari ramp (16) and the centre position that traction rope twines axle (3); During rotating rocker (1), traction rope (17) constantly is wrapped in traction rope and twines on the axle (3), and upwards lift under the drive of traction rope (17) rear end of vari ramp (16);
Described measurement mechanism comprises dial scale (13) and ruler (4).
In the described self-locking device, ratchet (2) is fixed on the traction rope winding axle (3) near the inboard of operating side side plate (5), and the supporting ratchet (24) of ratchet (2) also is fixed in the rotation of the inboard restriction ratchet (2) of operating side side plate (5); When rocking bar (1) rotated, the angle of tested plate (15) and surface level can only change to the direction that increases, and whenever finishing the angle that a self-locking vari ramp (16) lifts increases by 0.5 ° at the most; After test is finished, move ratchet (24) vari ramp (16) is fallen after rise.
2. inclined-plane as claimed in claim 1 instrument apparatus, it is characterized in that, read the scale of vari ramp (16) indication on dial scale (13) and can learn angle of friction, the scale value of vari ramp (16) indication on ruler (4) is friction factor divided by 100mm; The measurement range of dial scale (13) is 0 ° to 90 °, and 0 ° of scale mark is on the plane on the upper edge of the distolateral beam of not operation (10), and the profile of dial scale (13) is the quadrant arc, and the center of circle of this circular arc is passed in the axle center of swash plate rotating shaft (8); Ruler (4) is perpendicular to the ground, is close to the upper edge of operating side curb girder (6) along the 0mm scale mark down; The scale face of dial scale (13) and ruler (4) is all towards the operating side.
3. inclined-plane as claimed in claim 1 instrument apparatus is characterized in that vari ramp (16) front end is welded with the spacing column (9) of 2 symmetries.
4. inclined-plane as claimed in claim 1 instrument apparatus is characterized in that the material of described operating side curb girder (6) and the distolateral beam of not operation (10) is angle steel, and a right-angle side is inboard towards the inclined-plane instrument, and another right-angle side is attached to level ground or testing table.
5. inclined-plane as claimed in claim 1 instrument apparatus is characterized in that, the center of circle of described dial scale (13) and traction rope twine distance between the axle center of axle (3) greater than the length of vari ramp (16).
6. such as claim 1 or inclined-plane claimed in claim 2 instrument apparatus, it is characterized in that, described dial scale (13) lower end is fixed in the distolateral beam of not operation (10) inboard, accompany dial scale clamping plate (20) in the middle of both, the thickness of the distolateral plate of thickness NOT-AND operation (10) of dial scale clamping plate (20) equates.
7. such as claim 1 or inclined-plane claimed in claim 2 instrument apparatus, it is characterized in that the 0mm scale mark of described ruler (4) overlaps with its lower edge, the lower end links to each other with operating side curb girder (6); The upper end links to each other with operating side side plate (5) by ruler upper end fixed head (22), and the thickness that the angle steel material thickness of operating side curb girder (6) employing deducts ruler (4) is the thickness of fixed head (22) on the ruler; The distance of center circle of ruler (4) limit, scale mark place and dial scale (13) is from being 100mm.
8. inclined-plane as claimed in claim 1 instrument apparatus is characterized in that, described receiver (7) adopts scoop structure; Receiver side (72) has hook formation, makes it be suspended on the centre of operating side curb girder (6) and the distolateral beam of not operation (10); The position that front end extends surpasses the position at the place of swash plate rotating shaft (8); It is distolateral that receiver baffle plate (71) is positioned at the inclined-plane instrument apparatus.
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| CN2012104134627A CN102878910A (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2012-10-26 | Inclined plane instrument device for measuring friction coefficient and friction angle of granular materials |
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| CN2012104134627A CN102878910A (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2012-10-26 | Inclined plane instrument device for measuring friction coefficient and friction angle of granular materials |
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