CN102860200B - Method for forming turf by broadcasting aspalum vaginatum grass blade in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for forming turf by broadcasting aspalum vaginatum grass blade in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for forming turf by broadcasting aspalum vaginatum grass blade in saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following steps of: a, field parcel treatment; b, seedling selection; c, sowing; d, planting; e, net peeling; and f, field management. The turf planted by grass blade broadcast earthing has the advantages of high turf forming speed, good growth uniformity, high turf quality, beautiful sight, turf formation without replaced soil, easy operation, labor and force saving and low production cost, and is a high-quality, high-efficiency and ecological turf planting mode for newly enclosed coast greening.
Description
(1) technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate in particular to the grass blade of paspalum vaginatum on saline land and broadcast sowing stage lawn formation method.
(2) background technology
Along with polder exploitation, in the urgent need to carrying out afforestation to newly enclosing tidal land, in recent years, in the existing beach saline land afforestation mode of China, soil moved in to improve the original greening accounts for sizable ratio.Soil moved in to improve the original plantation is carried out in key sections, key project, roadside greening, it is the effective means getting quick results, but extensive soil moved in to improve the original digs fortune and has not only destroyed nonlocal land resources topography and geomorphology, also destroyed the former soil resource in the original soil location in soil moved in to improve the original location, and saline-alkali soil has it self evolution succession of herbaceous, from land ecology angle, because subterranean water level raises, evaporation discharge strengthens, the trend of soil moved in to improve the original generation secondary salinization is difficult to avoid, be unfavorable for the improvement of saline-alkali soil, aggravated to a certain extent the further deterioration of ecotope; The cost of soil moved in to improve the original greening is simultaneously huge, soil moved in to improve the original expense accounts for 2/3 of greenery patches cost, add that mostly soil moved in to improve the original lawn planting is cold season import lawn, the summer that the accumulation of salt in the surface soil is serious, a little less than cold-season turfgrass growth potential, need a large amount of fresh water pouring ability over summerings, maintenance, management cost are increased progressively, limited the further expansion of beach green coverage.
A large amount of practice and research both at home and abroad shows, relies on that to emphasize to improve the measure of soil and ignore biology measure be ill-considered merely, only has in conjunction with biology measure, and the salt-resistance that improves plant conforms it, just can obtain good effect.
Paspalum vaginatum has strong salt resistance, can be grown in total salt content is 0.8～1.0% marine solonchak, suitable pH value scope is 3.6-10.2, has the strong feature that easily forms group of growth potential, is the pionner of applicable China's southeastern coast area and island improvement solonchak, grassland establishment.Seawater floods (short-term), immersion (longer-term) all can be stood, and can be used for the turf establishment of the poor region of all kinds of sports grounds, airport, family expenses lawn, commercial landscape green space, roadside and the drainage performances such as golf course, football pitch, ball park.But the selfing of current paspalum vaginatum varieties of plant is shaky, can only vegetative propagation, mostly adopt careless piece or turf planting, exist with short production cyclely, production cost is high, is limiting large-scale production and is applying.
(3) summary of the invention
In order to overcome deficiency of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of on saline land the method on the fast rapid-result level ground of planting paspalum vaginatum, not only simple to operate, save labor and production cost lower, the demand of carrying out afforestation to meet saline land.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem is:
Saline land paspalum vaginatum grass blade broadcasts sowing into the method on level ground, is undertaken by following step:
A, field processing:
Before broadcasting sowing, weed a garden and residual branch dead leaf, then basal dressing, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields to ground, and plowed soils is harrowed the whole thin ground of broken leveling, and field surrounding will be held irrigation and drainage zanjon successfully.
The selection of b, seedling:
Select 2 years above paspalum vaginatum seedlings of growth, take grass blade part, grass blade retains 2～4 stipes;
C, sowing time:
Mid-April～mid-May in spring, or late September～mid-October in autumn be the suitable sowing time;
D, plantation:
Fine day should in the morning or manually evenly be sprinkling upon on furrow face at dusk, then on grass blade, cover dry thin mud and the fine sand mixture of thick layer 1～1.5cm, drowning grass blade does not reveal, suppression gently, water permeablely, cover black sunshade net on furrow face, then surface is built little Ping Peng, above little flat canopy, cover black sunshade net, surrounding is ventilated;
E, furrow face sunshade net cover 3 days, after eustipes part rudiment, remove the black sunshade net on furrow face, remove the black sunshade net covering on little flat canopy after one week.
F, field management:
Mainly include water management and topdress, when arid weather, keeping the skin wet in time, keep upper soll layer 2～3cm to reach moisture state, when rainy weather, trench digging in time, gets rid of field ponding; Until grass blade rudiment return green after 1 month, in the time that lawn leaf look turns yellow green, to topdress in good time, later growing period topdressed 1 time every 40～50 days.
As preferably, in step a, field weeds a garden and residual branch dead leaf broadcasting sowing for before grass blade 10～15 days, carries out chemical weed control with glyphosate and smart quizalofopethyl, one week basal dressing afterwards, every 667m
2execute organic commercial fertilizer 200～300kg and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 20～30kg, the wide 1.5m～2.0m of furrow of field, furrow ditch depth 20～25cm.
As preferably, in step b, grass blade is the old grass blade at base portion and middle part, removes tender stem.
As preferably, every 1m in steps d
2grass blade seeding quantity is 0.45～0.6kg, the black sunshade net covering on furrow face is set to 1～2 layer, and the light transmittance 75%～85% of black sunshade net, little flat canopy is at interval of vertical 1 timber of 50cm or bamboo stake, little flat canopy height is 5～8cm, the black sunshade net covering on little flat canopy arranges 1 layer, and its light transmittance is 75%～85%.
As preferably, when in step f, 5:00～7:00 point soil temperature is lower in the morning, water; While topdressing, the suitable urea 5～10kg/ mu that spreads fertilizer over the fields of soil moisture content, waters and executes when upper soll layer 2～3cm arid is turned white.
As preferably, in step f, also include disease control, cradle in time old stem, dig trenches to drain the water away in time, once there is rust, select 1500～2000 times of liquid spraying controls of 25% trazodone wettable powder.
Number of days in the present invention is large approximate number, due to the otherness of plant itself, it is each variant in process of growth, the operating time is also variant, be about 3 days as black sunshade net on furrow face in step e covers number of days, grass blade rudiment is returned green latter about 1 month, in the time that lawn leaf look turns yellow green, topdresses.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: it is fast that grass blade broadcasts sowing the lawn turf speed of earthing planting, growth homogeneity is good, turf quality is higher, view is more beautiful, do not need soil moved in to improve the original floor space, operate simple and easyly, save labor, production cost is low, is a kind of high-quality of tidal land greening, efficient, ecological grassland establishment pattern of newly enclosing.
(4) embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention in 2010～20 eight years between 30 ° 02 '～30 ° 24 of north latitude ' and 121 ° 02 '～121 ° 42 of east longitude ' between the test of layouting of other 2007 shelter belts to protect sea coasts plantation blocks of Nei Luzhong gulf, Hangzhou Wan development zone lock, 16 DEG C of average temperatures of the whole year, average annual rainfall 1300～1400mm, five to September, account for 60% of annual precipitation, sunshine duration is 1900-2100h.
1, preliminary preparation
(1) Hangzhou Wan newly encloses tidal land ground natural situation and can be summarized as " three height ", " three is large ", and wherein " three height " is that upper body salt content is high, subterranean water level is high, pH value is high; " three is large " is that wind speed is large, evaporation discharge is large, the degree of mineralization of ground water is large.Weather is north subtropical monsoon climate, makes a clear distinction between the four seasons, and monsoon is remarkable, there are obvious rainy season and dry season, spring rain, plum rains, autumn rain and dry season replace, and precipitation top, in September, is subject to typhoon influence larger in district, the heavy rain that typhoon brings is the chief threat that causes waterlogging, blow monsoon at ordinary times, the 7-10 month is typhoon influence season more, and wherein the 8-9 month is maximum, account for 72.7% of the whole year, mean wind speed is 3.0m/s for many years.
Soil is marine solonchak class, by the mensuration of Various Seasonal his-and-hers watches soil (0-20cm), and soil salt content: in spring 1.8 ‰, in summer 6.4 ‰, in autumn 7.6 ‰, in winter 1.2 ‰, autumn, soil salt content was the highest.Soil pH value: spring, soil pH value was 8.47, and be 8.31 summer, and be 8.35 autumn, and be 8.25 winter, and spring, soil pH value was the highest, and winter is minimum.
(2) plant stem and derive from the grass blade of having slapped the Germplasm Resources cultivation of setting up on the happy farm of sesame after 10 lunar maria Dallis grass pieces in 2009 are introduced a fine variety in booth.
(3) three kinds of planting patterns of paspalum vaginatum become level ground test relatively: on March 20th, 2010 and 25 in September road, in shelter belts to protect sea coasts region, gulf, use respectively paspalum vaginatum grass blade, careless piece, three kinds of different mode planting Cheng Ping of turf, experimental plot area 1m × 2m, 3 repetitions, randomized arrangement are established in each processing.Plant latter 180 days to becoming level ground effect to assess, mainly observe for the number of days of emerging that tries material, become level ground number of days, determine strain measurement plant strain growth situation, turfgrass is the evaluation index with reference to U.S. NTEP lawn with Trait evaluation.Between litter pico farad and careless piece method initial cover degree though to broadcast sowing covering method than grass blade large, little in the cover degree curvilinear motion of these two kinds of establishment methods of duration of test; Although it is low that grass blade broadcasts sowing the initial cover degree of covering method, gather way fast, amplitude of variation is particularly evident, increases more than 60%.Hence one can see that, and grass blade broadcasts sowing the initial cover degree of earthing and litters skin bit method between being starkly lower than, but its turf speed is the fastest, than littering leather and fur piece method fast 3 days.
(4) Different Weight grass blade broadcasts sowing the comparison of earthing floor space effect test: by every m
2the paspalum vaginatum grass blade that 0.3kg, 0.45kg, tetra-kinds of weight of 0.6kg and 0.75kg are broadcasted sowing in land for growing field crops broadcasts sowing planting and becomes level ground comparative trial, experimental plot area 1m × 2m, and 3 repetitions, randomized arrangement are established in each processing.Result of the test shows along with the increase of density becomes level ground effect in rising trend, but has arrived 0.6kg/m
2after, increase trend does not just have notable difference, and observes between four processing without obviously difference from grass blade color yet.Hence one can see that, and grass blade broadcasts sowing in earthing establishment methods, with 0.45～0.6kg/m
2grass blade seeding quantity be advisable.
2, basic ideas
(1) prepare land for growing field crops according to alkaline land soil physico-chemical analysis result; (2) select the paspalum vaginatum grass blade that is suitable for breeding; (3) suitable sowing time; (4) appropriate grass blade seeding quantity; (5) rationally use cladding material and covering method.(6) rational rich water quality management technology.
3, concrete scheme
Saline land paspalum vaginatum grass blade broadcasts sowing into the method on level ground, is undertaken by following step:
A, field processing:
Field weeds a garden and residual branch dead leaf broadcasting sowing for before grass blade 10～15 days, carries out chemical weed control with glyphosate and smart quizalofopethyl, and one week basal dressing afterwards, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields to ground every 667m
2execute organic commercial fertilizer 200～300kg and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 20～30kg, plowed soils, harrows the whole thin ground of broken leveling, and field surrounding will be held irrigation and drainage zanjon successfully, the wide 1.5m～2.0m of furrow of field, furrow ditch depth 20～25cm.
The selection of b, seedling:
Select 2 years above paspalum vaginatums of growth, the old stem root of hair reproduction ability at base portion and middle part is strong, sows current morning, cut off grass blade with artificial reaping hook flush with ground, cut off grass blade with grass cutter, it is good retaining 2～4 sturdy stipes as the grass blade of sowing, removes tender stem;
C, sowing time:
What temperature survived and grew grass blade has the greatest impact, and broadcast sowing is a very important link in good time, and with 15～20 DEG C of mean temperature of air mid-April～mid-May in spring, late September～mid-October in autumn, 20～25 DEG C of mean temperature of air were the most suitable;
D, plantation:
Fine day should in the morning or manually evenly be sprinkling upon on furrow face every 1m at dusk
2grass blade seeding quantity is 0.45～0.6kg, then on grass blade, cover approximately dry thin mud and the fine sand mixture of 1～1.5cm of thick layer, drowning grass blade does not reveal, and suppression, waters permeable gently, on furrow face, cover the black sunshade net of 1～2 layer of light transmittance 85%, then surface is built little Ping Peng, and little flat canopy is at interval of vertical 1 timber of 50cm or bamboo stake, and little flat canopy height is 5～8cm, the black sunshade net that covers one deck light transmittance 85% above little flat canopy, surrounding is ventilated;
E, furrow face black sunshade net cover about 3 days, after eustipes part rudiment, remove the black sunshade net on furrow face, remove the black sunshade net covering on little flat canopy after one week.
F, field management:
(1) water management
It is water management that grass blade is bred one of main key measure of the higher planting percent of acquisition, before broadcasting sowing, seedbed soil moisture content is wanted foot, grass blade after planting will water permeable, when arid weather, continue 3～5 light average rainfalls lower than 2～3m as met with, grass blade returns before green and will on furrow face, keep the skin wet equably in time, keep upper soll layer 2～3cm to reach moisture state, when generally 5:00～7:00 point soil temperature is lower in the morning, water, grass blade growing period, often be subject to spring rain, the impact of plum rains and the rainy weather of autumn rain, surrounding will be excavated zanjon, simultaneously, be subject to farming operating influence, furrow ditch is filled and led up gradually, also to ditch in time, to get rid of field ponding, to avoid the diseases such as rust,
(2) topdress
Until grass blade rudiment return green after about 1 month, in the time that turning yellow green, lawn leaf look to topdress in good time, as suitable in soil moisture content, maintain upper soll layer 2～3cm moistening, can spread fertilizer over the fields urea 5～10kg/ mu, when upper soll layer 2～3cm arid is turned white, can water and execute, later growing period topdressed 1 time every 40～50 days;
(3) disease control
Paspalum vaginatum interior Major Diseases in vegetative period is rust, growth animated period humidity easily occurs when larger, to cradle in time old stem, especially run into cloudy weather for several days running weather, reduction field humidity in time dig trenches to drain the water away, once generation disease, can select 1500～2000 times of liquid spraying controls of 25% trazodone wettable powder.
The research of this technology and perfect, will be to newly enclosing tidal land under " three height (upper body salt content is high, subterranean water level is high, pH value high) ", " three large (wind speed is large, evaporation discharge is large, the degree of mineralization of ground water large) " natural environmental condition, it is a greening technique measure of the quick planting Cheng Ping of paspalum vaginatum, it is short that grass blade broadcasts sowing the cycle on formation lawn, fast growth, only need about 50 days, turf speed is than littering leather and fur piece method fast 3 days, lawn homogeneity is good, densification is smooth, turf quality is higher, and view is more beautiful.It is low that grass blade broadcasts sowing stage lawn formation method production cost, do not need soil moved in to improve the original, operate simple and easy, saving of labor, laborsaving, every 667m
2cost of investment is than Manila, traditional saline land floor space cost reduction more than 600 yuan, and amount of decrease reaches 18%; Paspalum vaginatum grass blade seedling concentrates in booth and cultivates, and farmland occupancy is compressed to minimum level, and shared agricultural land soil is not destroyed, and is conducive to preserve the ecological environment, and economy and ecological benefits are remarkable.
Claims (1)
1. paspalum vaginatum grass blade in saline land broadcasts sowing into the method on level ground, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
A, field processing:
Before broadcasting sowing, weed a garden and residual branch dead leaf, then basal dressing, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields to ground, and plowed soils is harrowed the whole thin ground of broken leveling, and field surrounding will be held irrigation and drainage zanjon successfully;
Field weeds a garden and residual branch dead leaf broadcasting sowing for before grass blade 10～15 days, carries out chemical weed control with glyphosate and smart quizalofopethyl, one week basal dressing afterwards, every 667m
2execute organic commercial fertilizer 200～300kg and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 20～30kg, the wide 1.5m～2.0m of furrow of field, furrow ditch depth 20～25cm;
The selection of b, seedling:
Select 2 years above paspalum vaginatum seedlings of growth, take grass blade part, grass blade retains 2～4 stipes; Grass blade is the old grass blade at base portion and middle part, removes tender stem;
C, sowing time:
Mid-April～mid-May in spring, or late September～mid-October in autumn be the suitable sowing time;
D, plantation:
Fine day should in the morning or manually evenly be sprinkling upon on furrow face at dusk, then on grass blade, cover dry thin mud and the fine sand mixture of thick layer 1～1.5cm, drowning grass blade does not reveal, suppression gently, water permeablely, cover black sunshade net on furrow face, then surface is built little Ping Peng, above little flat canopy, cover black sunshade net, surrounding is ventilated;
Every 1m
2grass blade seeding quantity is 0.45～0.6kg, the black sunshade net covering on furrow face is set to 1～2 layer, and the light transmittance 75%～85% of black sunshade net, little flat canopy is at interval of vertical 1 timber of 50cm or bamboo stake, little flat canopy height is 5～8cm, the black sunshade net covering on little flat canopy arranges 1 layer, and its light transmittance is 75%～85%;
On e, furrow face, black sunshade net covers 3 days, after eustipes part rudiment, removes the black sunshade net on furrow face, removes the black sunshade net covering on little flat canopy after one week;
F, field management:
Keep upper soll layer 2～3cm to reach moisture state; Until grass blade rudiment return green after 1 month, in the time that lawn leaf look turns yellow green, topdress, later growing period topdressed 1 time every 40～50 days;
5:00 in the morning～7:00 point soil temperature waters when lower; While topdressing, the suitable urea 5～10kg/ mu that spreads fertilizer over the fields of soil moisture content, waters and executes when upper soll layer 2～3cm arid is turned white;
Cradle in time old stem, dig trenches to drain the water away in time, once there is rust, select 1500～2000 times of liquid spraying controls of 25% trazodone wettable powder.
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| CN104380869B (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2016-08-24 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | A kind of arid region saline-alkali soil Limonium gmelinii (Wildl.) Kuntze seedling breeding method |
| CN106305325A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 李子东 | Method for planting coniferous forest in saline-alkali land |
| CN106717972A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-31 | 青岛冠中生态股份有限公司 | A kind of utilization granule is sowed grass seeds by duster the technology of mode fast breeding xylophyta on tropical islands and reefs |
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| CN109089744A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-12-28 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A method of constructing bermuda grass turf on tropical forest insect islands and reefs |
| CN109105169B (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2021-08-13 | 四川农业大学 | Method for expanding propagation of perennial forage maize by using stem nodes for autumn sowing and spring planting |
| CN113016253A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-06-25 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for improving seashore salinized land by seashore paspalum |
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| WO2011125045A2 (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2011-10-13 | Marco Volterrani | Method for making a turf of stoloniferous or rhizomatous plant species |
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