CN102851575A - Oxidation-resistant alloying grey cast iron and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Oxidation-resistant alloying grey cast iron and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oxidation-resistant alloying grey cast iron and a preparation method of the oxidation-resistant alloying grey cast iron. The cast iron comprises the following components by mass percentage: 3.0-3.2% of C, 1.8-2.0% of Si, 0.50-0.70% of Mn, 0.10-0.50% of Cr, 0.20-0.30% of Ni, 0.03-0.50% of Mo, 0.5-3.0% of Al, 0.05-0.08% of Sr, 0.005-0.15% of Zn, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The preparation method comprises the steps of melting raw materials, culturing and processing, and pouring, wherein the tapping is carried out at 1450 to 1550 DEG C after melting; the molten iron is processed by being flushed in a ladle and cultured and processed along with the flow, and then slagged and casted. According to the oxidation-resistant alloying grey cast iron provided by the invention, the organization of the grey alloying cast iron material is structured by distributing 6-8 grades of D type graphite with little graphite of A type on a ferrite substrate, so that higher toughness, high heat conductivity and high-temperature oxidization resistance can be achieved, and good casting technical performance can be ensured as well; and the oxidation-resistant alloying grey cast iron can be applied to manufacturing a glass die and a light alloy metal type casting die which can bear the heat impacting of high-temperature formed liquid and cold-heat alternating stress for a long time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oxidation-resistance alloying grey cast iron, this grey cast iron is applicable to prepare the mould that the impact of hot forming heat of liquid and alternating hot and cold stress are born in glasswork manufacturing, permanent mold casting etc. for a long time, belongs to heating resisting metal material technology field.The invention still further relates to the preparation method of above-mentioned oxidation-resistance alloying grey cast iron.
Background technology
Metal is worked under hot conditions, usually can produce the phenomenons such as oxidation and growth.Oxidation refers to the at high temperature erosion of oxidated property atmosphere, produces the oxidation peeling in the metallic surface, reduces the supporting capacity of the useful area reduction foundry goods of metal because of face.That growth refers to that metal at high temperature occurs because chemical metallurgy changes and produces irreversible volume and grow up, and causes accessory size to increase and makes the mechanical property reduction.
The hot forming heat of liquid is impacted and the glass mold of alternating hot and cold stress for bearing for a long time, light alloy metal mold casting die, mould contacts the hot forming molten materials continually, not only work under the hot soak condition, and in repeatedly die sinking, produce friction in the process of matched moulds, therefore, moulding stock not only requires dense structure even, should have good heat-resisting, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, thermal fatigue resistance, anti-oxidant, antibiosis is long, thermal conductivity is good, linear expansivity is little, the performances such as sticking temperature height should have good machining property and surface smoothness in addition.
Cast iron has obtained to use the most widely because of its cheap price and good casting and mechanical processing technique performance, the microtexture of cast iron (being composition, the size of crystal grain, the size of graphite, the distribution of shapes of matrix) has direct impact to intensity, heat-resistant anti-fatigue performance, anti-oxidant growth performance, the heat conductivility of cast iron, thereby has determined the use properties of moulding stock.
The oxidation of cast iron refers to that under high temperature oxidation stability atmosphere graphite destroys as the burning of carbonaceous material, and graphite is thicker, graphite form more continuously, graphite the more, the oxidation of cast iron is just more serious.When graphite is sheet, it is inner and oxidation easily occurs that oxidizing atmosphere is invaded foundry goods along graphite flake, and during globular graphite, because graphite pebbles is discontinuous mutually, oxidizing atmosphere just is difficult for invading along graphite, so always the grey cast iron than flake graphite is good for the oxidation-resistance of spheroidal graphite cast iron.
Yet nodular cast iron is spherical for what isolate as the graphite of main heat transfer path, forms very large thermal resistance, causes the poor thermal conductivity of spheroidal graphite cast iron.The thermal conductivity of Cast Iron Die is less, and the temperature fluctuation range during mold work is just larger, thereby not only makes the Quality Down of product, and higher alternating hot and cold thermal stresses has reduced the mold use life-span.
Although have more high-intensity performance, the greying that the cast iron of pearlite matrix produces in the pearlite decomposition that is lower than under the transformation temperature is separated out the volume of cast iron is swollen, and the long Performance Ratio ferrite matrix of the antibiosis of pearlite matrix cast iron cast iron is poor.On the other hand, the graphite-phase quantity of ferrite matrix cast iron is more than pearlite matrix cast iron, its good heat conductivity.Therefore, the grey cast iron of ferrite matrix becomes the best cast iron die material of the similar application such as preparation glasswork, permanent mold casting.
Yet, because anti-oxidant and the low die surface that easily makes of growth performance produce the defectives such as be full of cracks, cause mould to be scrapped in the poor and use procedure of the polishing performance of regular gray iron.Become the important directions of these series mould material research and development to obtain thermal conductivity and the more excellent alloying grey cast iron of oxidation-resistance by alloying and structure refinement.
Cr has improved
The phase point temperature that changes also forms fine and close continuously oxide film, become the important alloy element of heat resisting iron, for example, document CN85108041A(glass mold material and production technique thereof) the low-alloy grey-cast iron moulding stock announced, CN101914720A(high-alloy black iron glass mold and manufacture method thereof), the CN1405353A(novel casting and hot work tool steel), CN102676908A (the rare earth nucleating agent promotes the alloy glass mold of D type graphite), CN102560230A (utilizing steel scrap to substitute the alloy glass mold of pig iron smelting D-type graphite) and CN101942619A (alloy cast iron glass mold material and preparation method thereof) etc.Above-mentioned novel die material all with one or more elements among Cr, Ni, Mo, the Cu as main alloy element because these elements hinder graphited element when being eutectoid transformation, the quantity of matrix Medium pearlite will increase, the quantity minimizing of graphite.
Although Mo, Ni, Cr alloying element have the effect of stabilizing pearlite, but concerning high melting point glass material, dystectic molten metal permanent mold casting and large mould, pearlite matrix is still unstable, its greying precipitation process will cause the growth of cast iron, therefore, oxidation-resistance and heat conductivility are lower in the alloy substrate, the mold use degradation.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of take ferrite as the matrix alloy grey cast iron by the alloying means, and its anti-oxidant growth performance and heat conductivility significantly are better than the heat-resistance grey cast iron in the prior art.The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of oxidation-resistance alloying grey cast iron, and the method preparation requires not harsh and can the low-cost comprehensive embodiment that ensures the technique effect of alloy.The method both favourable refinement alloy structure forms to obtain tiny uniform D type graphite, is conducive to simultaneously that the alloying element solid solution is avoided in matrix forming free alloy carbide and the processability and the use properties that affect alloy.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of oxidation-resistance alloying grey cast iron, it comprises the component of following mass percent: C 3.0～3.2%, Si 1.8～2.0%, Mn 0.50～0.70%, Cr 0.10～0.50%, Ni 0.20～0.30%, Mo 0.30～0.50%, Al0.5～3.0%, Sr 0.05～0.08%, Zn 0.005～0.015%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity, wherein P≤0.1%, S≤0.1%.
The tensile strength of described grey cast iron is 220～270MPa, and Brinell hardness is 160～240HBW, and the oxidation-resistance under 750 ℃ is 2.2～4.5g/mm
2H.
The preparation method of oxidation-resistance alloying grey cast iron of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) batching: steel scrap, foundry iron, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, fine aluminium, electrolytic nickel, Al-Sr master alloy furnace charge are carried out chemical composition analysis, then take by weighing above-mentioned furnace charge by following mass percent and be configured in melting in the medium-frequency induction furnace: C 3.0～3.2%, Si 1.8～2.0%, Mn 0.50～0.70%, Cr 0.10～0.50%, Ni 0.20～0.30%, Mo 0.30～0.50%, Al 0.5～3.0%, Sr 0.05～0.08%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity (P≤0.1%, S≤0.1%); Described foundry iron, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron are the trade mark furnace charge of GB regulation, Al-Sr master alloy employing Sr quality percentage composition is 10% Al-10%Sr master alloy, determine required Al-Sr master alloy according to Sr content during batching, the more corresponding quality that calculates the fine aluminium of required additional interpolation.
(2) melting: will put into medium frequency induction melting furnace heating fully after the fusing by the good steel scrap of proportioning weighing, foundry iron, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron furnace charge and electrolytic nickel being added fusing again and adjusting the molten iron temperature tapping temperature is 1450 ℃ ~ 1550 ℃.
(3) inoculation and cast: will account for furnace charge gross weight 0.1 ~ 0.3% 4 ~ 6mm zinc particle, placed in the pit of the bottom of casting ladle or pit type spheroidizing bag by 10 ~ 20mm Al-10%Sr master alloy of 10 ~ 20mm aluminium block of industrial aluminium ingot fragmentation and 0.5 ~ 0.8%, then cover with the foundary weight sheet; The molten iron that fusing is good joins in the casting ladle, adds 4 ~ 8mm 75SiFe nucleating agent with stream simultaneously, and the add-on of nucleating agent accounts for 0.2 ~ 0.4% of molten iron gross weight; At last, the molten iron in the casting ladle is skimmed, poured into a mould.
The beneficial effect of technical scheme provided by the invention is:
(1) on the resistance toheat and tissue design of alloy, Al is as improving the alloy resistance toheat and promoting that strongly graphited alloying element of all stages is incorporated in the alloy, adjusting alloying constituent to keep in the alloy in Cr, Mo, the Ni beneficial effect, hinder the disadvantageous effect that greying promotes that the matrix Medium pearlite forms when having overcome eutectoid transformation, the matrix that makes alloy is ferrite matrix, therefore, not only improved the mold use life-span, and removed existing alloy grey cast iron the annealing treating process that must adopt, reduced cost.
Super cooling tendency when low alloy carbon equivalent is conducive to increase alloy graining and promote the formation of D type graphite, C content is 3.0～3.2% in the alloy of the present invention, Si content is 1.8～2.0%.Because impelling cast iron, Mn obtains pearlitic structure, therefore the Mn content in the alloy of the present invention only has Mn 0.50～0.70%.Because the every increase of Al 1% makes
The phase point temperature (A1 point) that changes improves 50 ℃, and Al slackened the binding ability between iron-carbon atom, increase in the rising of its graphitizability 4% below with content, thereby the quantity increase of ferrite and graphite in the alloy; Also consider simultaneously the light specific gravity of aluminium, too high Al content easily produces oxidization burning loss, segregation and contraction in fusion process, so the add-on of Aluminum in Alloy of the present invention is 0.5～3.0%.Cr is as carbide forming element, its content has hindered the eutectic graphite process 0.5 ~ 1.0%, when Cr exists and the Al comprehensive action not only significantly promote the resistance toheat of alloy, and segregation and the contraction problem of Al have been eliminated, consider above-mentioned factor, the add-on of Cr is 0.10～0.50% in the alloy of the present invention.Although Mo, Ni can improve plasticity, oxidation-resistance and the volume stability of alloy, and the ability that makes the graphite refinement is arranged, as the perlite stable element, its add-on is difficult for too much, the price of Ni and Mo is comparatively valuable simultaneously, therefore Ni is that 0.20～0.30%, Mo is 0.30～0.50 in the alloy.
(2) technical from inoculation, Al is introduced in the inoculation process as nucleating agent, has realized that preparation requires not harsh and the low-cost comprehensive embodiment that ensures the technique effect of alloy of energy.
In the moulding cast iron die, the distribution of the graphite structure generally fine platy tissue from the mould working face gradually becomes the thick lamellar structure at the back side.Such tissue distribution affects its heat conductivility, thereby has increased the danger of hot tearing.Inoculation has been eliminated cast iron interalloy carbide, makes the refinement of cast iron crystal grain fine and close, and graphite attenuates and littlely be unfavorable for the cast iron internal oxidation, thereby is conducive to improve the mold use life-span.D type graphite is the tissue that cast iron is separated out under supercooled state, Microstructure characteristics is that tiny dendrite point graphite is distributed on the matrix, thereby little to the effect of isolating of matrix, dense structure, thereby the D type Graphite Iron Cast has than the better mechanical property of A type graphite cast iron, resistance toheat, machinability and wear resisting property.Carbon equivalent in the molten iron of alloy melting of the present invention is low, contains simultaneously the alloying elements such as Cr, Ni, Mo, thereby has very strong Quench ability, easily obtains D type graphite through inoculation.
From the understanding of inoculation mechanism and the industrial practice of inoculation, contain the effect that a certain amount of Al and calcium can improve inoculation in the nucleating agent.It is main nucleating agent and employing current-following inoculation the most commonly used that inoculation technology of the present invention adopts the most common 75SiFe, the cooperation of the Al of fusing and Al-Si master alloy had strengthened the effect that breeds when molten iron poured in the casting ladle, inoculation fade has been avoided in the simultaneously adding of Sr, has reached the effect of commercial long-acting nucleating agent.On the other hand, zinc Patterns for Close-Packed Hexagonal Crystal structure, its fusing point is 419.5 ℃, boiling point is 906 ℃.Zinc add to form the even distribution that steam can promote nucleating agent during inoculation, also the floating of the oxide inclusion that is difficult to reduce can have been reduced the oxygen level in the cast iron, has further strengthened the performance of alloy.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
By the quality per distribution ratio, C 3.2%, Si 2.0%, Mn 0.50%, Cr 0.10%, Ni0.20%, Mo 0.30%, Al0.5%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity, join and get alloy material and add in the 250Kg medium-frequency induction furnace and will put into medium frequency induction melting furnace heating fully after the fusing by the good steel scrap of proportioning weighing, the Z18 cast iron pig iron, FeSi45 ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron furnace charge and electrolytic nickel being added fusing again and adjusting the molten iron temperature tapping temperature is 1450 ℃;
Inoculation and cast: will account for the zinc particle (5mm size) of furnace charge gross weight 0.1% (in the inoculation process, under the effect of high temperature liquid iron, zinc will gasify strongly, its residual rate in aluminium alloy only is about 5% of add-on, following embodiment is in like manner), placed in the pit of the bottom of casting ladle or pit type spheroidizing bag, then with the covering of foundary weight sheet by the Al-10%Sr master alloy (10mm size) of the aluminium block of industrial aluminium ingot fragmentation (10mm size) and 0.5%; The molten iron that fusing is good joins in the casting ladle, adds 4mm size 75SiFe nucleating agent with stream simultaneously, and the add-on of nucleating agent accounts for 0.2% of molten iron gross weight.At last, the molten iron in the casting ladle is skimmed, poured into a mould.
After tested this alloy be organized as the D type graphite that distributing on the ferrite matrix, graphite length rank is 6 grades; Performance is: tensile strength is 220MPa, and Brinell hardness is 160HBW, is 2.2g/mm 750 ℃ oxidation-resistances
2H.
Embodiment 2
By the quality per distribution ratio, C 3.0%, Si 1.8%, Mn 0.70%, Cr 0.50%, Ni0.30%, Mo 0.50%, Al3.0%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity, join and get alloy material and add in the 500Kg medium-frequency induction furnace and will put into medium frequency induction melting furnace heating fully after the fusing by the good steel scrap of proportioning weighing, the Z18 cast iron pig iron, FeSi45 ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron furnace charge and electrolytic nickel being added fusing again and adjusting the molten iron temperature tapping temperature is 1550 ℃;
Inoculation and cast: will account for the zinc particle (4mm size) of furnace charge gross weight 0.3%, be placed by the Al-10%Sr master alloy (20mm size) of the aluminium block (20mm size) of industrial aluminium ingot fragmentation and 0.8% in the pit of the bottom of casting ladle or pit type spheroidizing bag, then with the covering of foundary weight sheet; The molten iron that fusing is good joins in the casting ladle, adds 8mm size 75SiFe nucleating agent with stream simultaneously, and the add-on of nucleating agent accounts for 0.4% of molten iron gross weight.At last, the molten iron in the casting ladle is skimmed, poured into a mould.
After tested this alloy be organized as the D type graphite that distributing on the ferrite matrix, graphite length rank is 8 grades; Performance is: performance is: tensile strength is 270MPa, and Brinell hardness is 240HBW, is 4.5g/mm 750 ℃ oxidation-resistances
2H.
Embodiment 3
By the quality per distribution ratio, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity for C 3.1%, Si 1.9%, Mn 0.60%, Cr 0.30%, Ni0.25%, Mo 0.40%, Al1.5%, join and get alloy material and add in the 250Kg medium-frequency induction furnace and will put into medium frequency induction melting furnace heating fully after the fusing by the good steel scrap of proportioning weighing, the Z18 cast iron pig iron, FeSi45 ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron furnace charge and electrolytic nickel being added fusing again and adjusting the molten iron temperature tapping temperature is 1500 ℃;
Inoculation and cast: will account for the zinc particle (6mm size) of furnace charge gross weight 0.2%, be placed by the Al-10%Sr master alloy (15mm size) of the aluminium block (15mm size) of industrial aluminium ingot fragmentation and 0.7% in the pit of the bottom of casting ladle or pit type spheroidizing bag, then with the covering of foundary weight sheet; The molten iron that fusing is good joins in the casting ladle, adds 6mm size 75SiFe nucleating agent with stream simultaneously, and the add-on of nucleating agent accounts for 0.3% of molten iron gross weight.At last, the molten iron in the casting ladle is skimmed, poured into a mould.
After tested this alloy be organized as the D type graphite that distributing on the ferrite matrix, graphite length rank is 7 grades; Performance is: tensile strength is 250MPa, and Brinell hardness is 205HBW, is 3.4g/mm 750 ℃ oxidation-resistances
2H.
Above-described embodiment does not limit the present invention in any way, and every employing is equal to replaces or technical scheme that the mode of equivalent transformation obtains all drops in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. oxidation-resistance alloying grey cast iron, it is characterized in that comprising the component of following mass percent: C 3.0～3.2%, Si 1.8～2.0%, Mn 0.50～0.70%, Cr 0.10～0.50%, Ni 0.20～0.30%, Mo 0.30～0.50%, Al0.5～3.0%, Sr 0.05～0.08%, Zn 0.005～0.015%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. oxidation-resistance alloying grey cast iron according to claim 1, the tensile strength that it is characterized in that described grey cast iron is 220～270MPa, and Brinell hardness is 160～240HBW, and the oxidation-resistance under 750 ℃ is 2.2～4.5g/mm
2H.
3. the preparation method of an oxidation-resistance alloying grey cast iron is characterized in that:
(1) batching: steel scrap, foundry iron, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, fine aluminium, electrolytic nickel, Al-Sr master alloy furnace charge are carried out chemical composition analysis, then take by weighing above-mentioned furnace charge by following mass percent and be configured in melting in the medium-frequency induction furnace: C 3.0～3.2%, Si 1.8～2.0%, Mn 0.50～0.70%, Cr 0.10～0.50%, Ni 0.20～0.30%, Mo 0.30～0.50%, Al 0.5～3.0%, Sr 0.05～0.08%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity;
(2) melting: will put into medium frequency induction melting furnace heating fully after the fusing by the good steel scrap of proportioning weighing, foundry iron, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron furnace charge and electrolytic nickel being added fusing again and adjusting the molten iron temperature tapping temperature is 1450 ℃ ~ 1550 ℃;
(3) inoculation and cast: will account for furnace charge gross weight 0.1 ~ 0.3% 4 ~ 6mm zinc particle, placed in the pit of the bottom of casting ladle or pit type spheroidizing bag by 10 ~ 20mm Al-10%Sr master alloy of 10 ~ 20mm aluminium block of industrial aluminium ingot fragmentation and 0.5 ~ 0.8%, then cover with the foundary weight sheet; The molten iron that fusing is good joins in the casting ladle, adds 4 ~ 8mm 75SiFe nucleating agent with stream simultaneously, and the add-on of nucleating agent accounts for 0.2 ~ 0.4% of molten iron gross weight; At last, the molten iron in the casting ladle is skimmed, poured into a mould.
4. the preparation method of oxidation-resistance alloying grey cast iron according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described foundry iron, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron are the trade mark furnace charge of GB regulation, Al-Sr master alloy employing Sr quality percentage composition is 10% Al-10%Sr master alloy, determine required Al-Sr master alloy according to Sr content during batching, the more corresponding quality that calculates the fine aluminium of required additional interpolation.
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