CN108315633B - Gray cast iron with high heat conductivity and high strength and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Gray cast iron with high heat conductivity and high strength and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108315633B CN108315633B CN201810075809.9A CN201810075809A CN108315633B CN 108315633 B CN108315633 B CN 108315633B CN 201810075809 A CN201810075809 A CN 201810075809A CN 108315633 B CN108315633 B CN 108315633B
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- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel preparation, and particularly relates to high-heat-conductivity high-strength gray cast iron and a preparation method thereof. The gray cast iron comprises 3.3-3.8 wt% of C, 1.2-1.8 wt% of Si, 0.4-0.8 wt% of Mn, 0.1-0.5 wt% of Mo, 0.4-0.8 wt% of Cu, 0.05-0.15 wt% of Sn, 0.01-0.04 wt% of S, 0.004-0.02 wt% of Sr, 0.03 wt% of P, 0.5 wt% of Ni and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the gray cast iron is obtained through smelting, inoculation and pouring. The gray cast iron provided by the invention has the tensile strength of 280-350 MPa, the hardness of 210-240 HB and the heat conductivity of 50-60W/(m.K), and the heat conductivity is obviously higher than that of gray cast iron with the same level of tensile strength under the same test condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel preparation, and particularly relates to high-heat-conductivity high-strength gray cast iron and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Gray cast iron is a cast iron with a grey cross-section, the carbon mainly appearing in the form of flake graphite. The structure of the metal matrix and the flake graphite not only enables the gray cast iron to have good shock absorption and shock absorption performance, but also endows the gray cast iron with good heat conduction performance. The characteristics enable the gray cast iron to be widely applied to structural members under high/low cycle fatigue and thermal mechanical fatigue working conditions, such as ingot moulds, automobile engine cylinder bodies, cylinder covers, brake discs and the like.
Along with the development of economy, the load requirement on structural components is higher and higher, and the wall thickness of the structural components is thinner and thinner in consideration of energy conservation and emission reduction, so that the gray cast iron material for various automobile heat components used at present cannot meet the requirements of designers and the requirements of customers to a great extent, particularly, the working environment of a high-power-density diesel engine is quite severe, the requirements on materials such as a cylinder cover and the like are very high, the mechanical load and the thermal load borne by the gray cast iron material are greatly increased at the same time, and the requirements on the tensile strength of the gray cast iron material reach the limit of the conventional gray cast iron due to the two reasons. Meanwhile, the main starting points for selecting the gray cast iron material for the automobile heat component are high strength, high thermal conductivity, excellent fatigue performance and light weight, and the requirements for resisting thermal fatigue and thermal mechanical fatigue are higher and higher besides the requirement for tensile strength exceeding 300 MPa. Thermal fatigue and thermomechanical fatigue are complex processes, and when a workpiece is repeatedly heated and cooled, thermal stress is generated due to thermal expansion and thermal strain difference of each part caused by temperature difference. Repeated heating also causes volume changes and local oxidation due to pearlite decomposition. These factors, together with the load to which the workpiece is subjected, tend to cause a total stress that exceeds the strength of the material itself, causing the part to eventually fail. This process is often related to tensile strength and thermal conductivity, among other things, the higher the tensile strength and thermal conductivity, the better the thermal fatigue resistance of the workpiece.
However, the tensile strength and thermal conductivity of gray cast iron are two properties that are restrictive to each other, and the structure that is favorable against tensile strength has a disadvantage in terms of thermal conductivity, and vice versa. The requirement on high tensile strength can be realized by reducing carbon equivalent and adding alloy elements, but the modes not only reduce the mold filling and feeding performances of the casting, improve the rejection rate, but also improve the chilling tendency of cast iron, reduce the quantity of eutectic graphite and reduce the heat conducting performance; to increase the thermal conductivity of the gray cast iron, however, a high carbon equivalent must be used, which in turn leads to a decrease in the strength of the cast iron.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide high-heat-conductivity and high-strength gray cast iron and a preparation method thereof, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the gray cast iron with high heat conductivity and high strength comprises, by weight, 3.3-3.8% of C, 1.2-1.8% of Si, 0.4-0.8% of Mn, 0.1-0.5% of Mo, 0.4-0.8% of Cu, 0.05-0.15% of Sn, 0.01-0.04% of S, 0.004-0.02% of Sr, 0.03% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the eutectic degree Sc is between 0.9 and 1.0, and the saturation MEG is between 2.0 and 2.5, wherein Sc is wt% C/(4.26-0.3 x (wt% Si + wt% P)), and MEG is wt% C-1.3+0.1 x (wt% Si + wt% P).
The gray cast iron also contains Ni with the percentage content of less than 0.5 wt%.
The content of C in the gray cast iron is controlled to be 3.3-3.8 wt%, the content of Si is controlled to be 1.2-1.8 wt%, and 1.5-1.8 wt% is preferred, so that good casting performance and enough eutectic graphite content can be guaranteed.
The Cu element not only promotes the generation of pearlite but also promotes the generation of graphite by raising the temperature of stable eutectic crystal, and the Cu remaining in the molten iron does not form an impurity phase with other elements. The content of Cu is controlled to be 0.4-0.8 wt%, preferably 0.5-0.8 wt% according to the solid solubility of Cu in austenite, and for thin-wall castings, the content can be controlled to be at the upper limit.
Ni works similarly to Cu-Cu, but Ni is much more soluble in austenite than Cu. For the casting with large wall thickness, the addition of 0.1-0.5 wt% of Ni can prevent the pearlite decomposition caused by slow cooling speed.
The role of Mn and S is mainly to form MnS phases, providing a substrate for graphite nucleation. The redundant S can generate sulfide, so that the S is controlled to be 0.01-0.04 wt%, preferably 0.01-0.03 wt% to ensure that enough manganese sulfide phase is generated, namely the graphite nucleation promotion effect can be realized.
P has very low solubility in austenite, and segregation and enrichment occur during solidification to generate a phosphorus eutectic, so that the content of P needs to be controlled below 0.03 wt% to reduce the content of inclusions in the matrix.
The Mo element has large atomic radius, and can effectively improve the tensile strength and the hardness of the Mo element by being dissolved in a matrix. Mo is also a strong carbide generating element, and the redundant Mo can be Mo at the later solidification stage2C precipitates, which is detrimental to tensile strength and thermal conductivity. Aiming at different performance requirements, the content of Mo can be controlled between 0.1-0.5 wt%, preferably between 0.15-0.5 wt% so as to ensure sufficient tensile strength.
Sr has the function of strongly promoting graphite nucleation, and the Sr content is controlled to be 0.004-0.02 wt%, preferably 0.004-0.01 wt% on the premise of adding alloy elements with a white cast tendency, so that the formation of cementite can be effectively reduced, and the graphite form is more uniform.
The invention controls the carbon equivalent in gray cast iron near the eutectic point to obtain good casting performance and enough graphite content, controls each alloy element at the minimum content for playing the role, and has little or no other unnecessary impurity phase in the matrix, and the pure pearlite matrix without impurities is beneficial to the tensile strength and the heat conductivity coefficient, and the interstitial vacancies in the ferrite lattice are more, so the solid solution strengthening function of the interstitial strengthening alloy elements can be greatly improved.
The preparation method of the gray cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting pure scrap steel, pig iron, a recarburizer, ferrosilicon, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, a nickel plate, a pure tin plate and a pure copper plate in a coreless induction intermediate frequency furnace;
(2) adjusting the carbon content of the molten iron obtained in the step (1);
(3) placing an inoculant at the bottom of a steel ladle, discharging the molten iron obtained in the step (2) and directly pouring the molten iron into the steel ladle for inoculation;
(4) and (4) performing sand casting and shakeout on the molten iron obtained in the step (3).
In the step (1), the raw materials are subjected to surface rust removal and oil stain removal treatment.
After the furnace burden in the step (1) is melted down, the temperature is kept for 5-10min at 1530-1550 ℃.
In the step (2), the carbon content is adjusted by adopting a low-sulfur carburant, wherein the S content in the low-sulfur carburant is less than 0.05 wt%.
The inoculant in the step (3) is SrFeSi inoculant, and the addition amount is determined according to the percentage content of Sr; the tapping temperature of the molten iron is controlled to be 1500-.
In the step (4), the casting temperature is 1420-1440 ℃, and furan resin sand is used as molding sand.
According to the invention, the high tensile strength of the matrix is ensured by adding the strengthening alloy elements, and the heat-conducting property of the gray cast iron is improved by controlling the element content to obtain a pure matrix and a proper amount of graphite; the gray cast iron or the gray cast iron prepared by the preparation method has excellent comprehensive properties: the tensile strength is 280-350 MPa, the hardness is 210-240 HB, and the heat conductivity is 50-60W/(m.K); the heat conductivity coefficient under the same test condition is obviously higher than that of gray cast iron with the same level tensile strength.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the gray cast iron prepared by the invention is gray cast iron with uniform lamellar graphite distributed on a single pearlite matrix, has high tensile strength and high heat conductivity coefficient, and can effectively expand the industrial application range of gray cast iron materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure of graphite of gray cast iron according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a color metallographic microstructure of gray cast iron according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the metallographic structure of the matrix of gray cast iron according to example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a high-heat-conductivity high-strength gray cast iron and a preparation method thereof, and the invention is further described by combining the accompanying drawings and an embodiment.
Example 1
A high-heat-conductivity high-strength gray cast iron contains 3.32 wt% of C, 1.8 wt% of Si, 0.5 wt% of Mn, 0.02 wt% of S, 0.028 wt% of P, 0.58 wt% of Cu, 0.41 wt% of Mo, 0.06 wt% of Sn, 0.004 wt% of Sr and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the gray cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the pure scrap steel and pig iron subjected to surface rust and oil stain removal, a carburant, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, a nickel plate, a pure tin plate and a pure copper plate, and then putting the weighed materials into a coreless induction medium-frequency furnace for molten iron smelting; after the furnace burden is melted, preserving heat for 5-10 minutes at 1530-1550 ℃;
(2) adjusting the carbon content by adopting a low-sulfur carburant with the S content of less than 0.05 wt% after the heat preservation period is finished;
(3) tapping at 1500-1530 ℃, putting SrFeSi inoculant at the bottom of a steel ladle, directly pouring molten iron into the steel ladle for inoculation after tapping, standing to 1420-1440 ℃ for pouring, and pouring furan resin sand serving as molding sand into a test bar with the diameter of 30 mm; wherein the SrFeSi inoculant is determined according to the Sr percentage content of 0.004 wt% in the gray cast iron to be prepared.
The gray cast iron obtained by the preparation method is a complete pearlite matrix, 4-grade graphite with the stone length of 0.21mm and 3-grade eutectic clusters are distributed on the gray cast iron, and as shown in figures 1, 2 and 3; as can be seen from fig. 1, the graphite in example 1 is a type a graphite dispersed uniformly without orientation, the gray black structure in fig. 2 is eutectic clusters, and the matrix structure in fig. 3 is complete pearlite.
The gray cast iron prepared by the preparation method has the following properties: the hardness is 240HB, the tensile strength is 340MPa, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 58W/m/K; while the conventional HT300 gray cast iron has the hardness of 232HB, the tensile strength of 300MPa and the heat conductivity of 47.5W/m/K. That is, compared with the conventional HT300 gray cast iron, the gray cast iron of example 1 of the present application has significantly improved hardness, tensile strength and thermal conductivity.
Example 2
The chemical components of the high-heat-conductivity high-strength gray cast iron comprise 3.54 wt% of C, 1.66 wt% of Si, 0.49 wt% of Mn, 0.026 wt% of S, 0.028 wt% of P, 0.53 wt% of Cu, 0.44 wt% of Mo, 0.06 wt% of Sn, 0.005 wt% of Sr and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the gray cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the pure scrap steel and pig iron subjected to surface rust and oil stain removal, a carburant, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, a nickel plate, a pure tin plate and a pure copper plate, and then putting the weighed materials into a coreless induction medium-frequency furnace for molten iron smelting; after the furnace burden is melted, preserving heat for 5-10 minutes at 1530-1550 ℃;
(2) adjusting the carbon content by adopting a low-sulfur carburant with the S content of less than 0.05 wt% after the heat preservation period is finished;
(3) tapping at 1500-1530 ℃, putting SrFeSi inoculant at the bottom of a steel ladle, directly pouring molten iron into the steel ladle for inoculation after tapping, standing to 1420-1440 ℃ for pouring, and pouring into a test bar with the diameter of 30mm by taking furan resin sand as molding sand; wherein the SrFeSi inoculant is determined according to the Sr content of 0.005 wt% in the gray cast iron to be prepared.
The gray cast iron obtained by the preparation method is a complete pearlite matrix, and 4-grade graphite, which has a stone length of 0.19mm and 3-grade eutectic clusters, are distributed on the gray cast iron. The properties of the gray cast iron are as follows: the hardness is 223HB, the tensile strength is 321MPa, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 52.4W/m/K; that is, the gray cast iron of example 2 has higher tensile strength and higher thermal conductivity than the HT300 gray cast iron.
Example 3
A high-thermal-conductivity high-strength gray cast iron comprises 3.69 wt% of C, 1.59 wt% of Si, 0.5 wt% of Mn, 0.029 wt% of S, 0.027 wt% of P, 0.4 wt% of Cu, 0.3 wt% of Ni, 0.4 wt% of Mo, 0.058 wt% of Sn, 0.005 wt% of Sr and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the gray cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the pure scrap steel and pig iron subjected to surface rust and oil stain removal, a carburant, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, a nickel plate, a pure tin plate and a pure copper plate, putting the weighed materials into a coreless induction medium-frequency furnace for molten iron smelting, and preserving heat for 5-10 minutes at 1530-1550 ℃ after furnace burden melting;
(2) adjusting the carbon content by adopting a low-sulfur carburant with the S content of less than 0.05 wt% after the heat preservation period is finished;
(3) tapping at 1500-1530 ℃, putting SrFeSi inoculant at the bottom of a steel ladle, directly pouring molten iron into the steel ladle for inoculation after tapping, standing to 1420-1440 ℃ for pouring, and pouring into a test bar with the diameter of 30mm by taking furan resin sand as molding sand; wherein the SrFeSi inoculant is determined according to the Sr percentage content of 0.004 wt% in the gray cast iron to be prepared.
The gray cast iron obtained by the preparation method is a complete pearlite matrix, and 4-grade graphite, which has a stone length of 0.23mm and 3-grade eutectic clusters, are distributed on the gray cast iron. The properties of the gray cast iron are as follows: the hardness is 223HB, the tensile strength is 285MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 61.8W/m/K. And the conventional HT250 gray cast iron has the hardness of 210HB, the tensile strength of 250MPa and the heat conductivity of 48.5W/m/K. That is, compared with the conventional HT250 gray cast iron, the gray cast iron of the embodiment 3 has obviously improved hardness, tensile strength and heat conductivity coefficient.
Claims (9)
1. The gray cast iron is characterized in that the gray cast iron comprises 3.3-3.8 wt% of C, 1.2-1.8 wt% of Si, 0.4-0.8 wt% of Mn, 0.1-0.5 wt% of Mo, 0.4-0.8 wt% of Cu, 0.05-0.15 wt% of Sn0.01-0.04 wt% of S, 0.004-0.02 wt% of Sr, 0.03 wt% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
wherein the eutectic degree Sc is 0.9-1.0, the saturation MEG is 2.0-2.5, wherein Sc is wt% C/(4.26-0.3 x (wt% Si + wt% P)), and MEG is wt% C-1.3+0.1 x (wt% Si + wt% P); the gray cast iron has the tensile strength of 321-350 MPa, the hardness of 210-240 HB and the thermal conductivity of 58-60W/(m.K).
2. A gray cast iron as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it also contains Ni in a percentage <0.5 wt%.
3. A gray cast iron as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gray cast iron has Si content of 1.5 to 1.8 wt%, Mo content of 0.15 to 0.5 wt%, Cu content of 0.5 to 0.8 wt%, S content of 0.01 to 0.03 wt%, and Sr content of 0.004 to 0.01 wt%.
4. A method of preparing gray cast iron according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting pure scrap steel, pig iron, a recarburizer, ferrosilicon, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, a nickel plate, a pure tin plate and a pure copper plate in a coreless induction intermediate frequency furnace;
(2) adjusting the carbon content of the molten iron obtained in the step (1);
(3) placing an inoculant at the bottom of a steel ladle, discharging the molten iron obtained in the step (2) and directly pouring the molten iron into the steel ladle for inoculation;
(4) and (4) performing sand casting and shakeout on the molten iron obtained in the step (3).
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the raw materials are subjected to surface rust and oil removal treatment.
6. The preparation method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the temperature of the furnace burden in the step (1) is maintained at 1530 ℃ and 1550 ℃ for 5-10min after melting down.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the carbon content in step (2) is adjusted by using a low-sulfur carburant, and the S content in the low-sulfur carburant is less than 0.05 wt%.
8. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the inoculant in the step (3) is SrFeSi inoculant, and the addition amount is determined according to the percentage content of Sr; the tapping temperature of the molten iron is controlled to be 1500-.
9. The method as set forth in claim 4, wherein the casting temperature in the step (4) is 1420- "1440 ℃ and furan resin sand is used as the molding sand.
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| CN109837453B (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2020-05-22 | 郑州大学 | Manufacturing method of working platform of planer |
| CN110983170A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-04-10 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Method for smelting heat-fatigue-resistant brake drum of commercial vehicle |
| CN112853198A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | High-carbon low-silicon alloy gray cast iron brake disc and preparation method thereof |
| CN114713774B (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2023-12-15 | 邢台轧辊沃川装备制造有限公司 | Production method of high-strength heat-resistant gray cast iron furnace door frame |
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| BR9505347A (en) * | 1995-12-04 | 1996-07-23 | Freios Varga Sa | Process for obtaining parts of high-carbon gray cast iron and high-carbon gray cast iron |
| CN100491572C (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2009-05-27 | 丹阳市万隆铸造有限公司 | Manufacture method for front brake disc cast for use in car |
| CN102115844B (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2012-09-19 | 沈阳锦德机械有限公司 | Automobile brake disc with good wear-resistance and heat-dissipation performances |
| SE535043C2 (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2012-03-27 | Scania Cv Ab | Gray iron alloy and brake disc including gray iron alloy |
| KR20150021754A (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2015-03-03 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Grey cast iron having excellent durability |
| CN104195423B (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2016-09-07 | 山东宏马工程机械有限公司 | The low silicon of high-carbon is containing niobium cast iron brake disk and preparation method thereof |
| CN104404360B (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-06-22 | 陕西华安铸铁型材有限公司 | A kind of major diameter gray cast iron sectional material material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105002416B (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2017-02-22 | 格朗富（苏州）集团有限公司 | Automobile brake shell and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105463305A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-04-06 | 繁昌县恒鑫汽车零部件有限公司 | Grey cast iron material for free-cutting diesel engine cylinder and preparing method of grey cast iron material |
| CN105483505A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-04-13 | 合肥工业大学 | Preparation method of high-strength gray cast iron cast cylinder block |
| CN107345285A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2017-11-14 | 通富热处理(昆山)有限公司 | Automobile brake disc alloy gray cast-iron material, automobile brake disc and preparation method thereof |
| CN107177773A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-09-19 | 湖北金麟机械制造有限公司 | A kind of high-strength thin-walled gray iron casting |
| CN107604239B (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-07-02 | 山东金麒麟股份有限公司 | A kind of gray cast iron material and casting method and purposes |
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