CN102795772A - Method for preparing microcrystalline glass from kaolin-type coal gangue or fly ash and carbide slag - Google Patents
Method for preparing microcrystalline glass from kaolin-type coal gangue or fly ash and carbide slag Download PDFInfo
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- CN102795772A CN102795772A CN2012102569751A CN201210256975A CN102795772A CN 102795772 A CN102795772 A CN 102795772A CN 2012102569751 A CN2012102569751 A CN 2012102569751A CN 201210256975 A CN201210256975 A CN 201210256975A CN 102795772 A CN102795772 A CN 102795772A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing microcrystalline glass from kaolin-type coal gangue or fly ash and carbide slag. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) pre-treatment of raw materials: the coal gangue needs to be sequentially subjected to carbon removal and iron removal, the fly ash can be directly subjected to iron removal, and the carbide slag needs to be subjected to graphite electrode chip removal; (2) material proportioning: the refractory coarse slag obtained after burning the coal gangue needs to be added in the proportioned materials; (3) melting: melting is performed in a low-temperature range, a part of unmelted mass points is reserved, and air bubbles in melted solution are eliminated; (4) forming: forming is performed by adopting a calendaring method, a pouring method or a sintering method; and (5) heat treatment: a microcrystalline glass blank is obtained via heat treatment, and the finished product is obtained after finish machining. According to the invention, wastes such as the kaolin-type coal gangue or the fly ash and the carbide slag can be abundantly used for producing high-performance microcrystalline glass containing granular patterns, which is similar to natural stone, and even similar to natural jade.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of sytull, particularly a kind of method of utilizing kaolin type coal gangue or trade wastes such as flyash and carbide slag to prepare sytull.
Background technology
In Inner Mongol area, coal gangue, flyash and carbide slag have become society's one big public hazards, not only occupy the soil, but also might the spontaneous combustion polluted air or cause fire.Coal gangue mainly is used to produce material of construction such as spoil cement, concrete aglite at present, can be used for Chemicals such as spoil generating, preparation aluminum oxide in addition.The inorganic components of coal gangue mainly is oxide compound and some rare metal of silicon, aluminium, calcium, magnesium, iron.A lot of geographic coal gangues are made up of coal and ferruginous kaolin basically in the Inner Mongol.And one of bigger industrial residue of the flyash current quantity discharged that is China, along with development of electric power industry, the flyash quantity discharged of coal-burning power plant increases year by year.A large amount of flyash does not add processing, will produce airborne dust, atmosphere pollution; If entering water system can cause the river to silt up, and toxic chemical substance wherein also can work the mischief to human body and biology.Flyash mainly is the ferruginous kaolin in burning back.But in this geographic coal gangue of the Inner Mongol or flyash, alumina content is higher, and its composition is: SiO
255-65%; Al
2O
334-44%; Fe
2O
31.5-3.5%.Carbide slag is a depleted calcium hydroxide behind the manufacturing calcium carbide, is wherein mixing a large amount of Graphite Electrodes chips, and carbide slag is except that be used to prepare the cement on a small quantity, and a large amount of carbide slags also are not utilized.
Sytull is a kind of good emerging material of construction, and is higher than ceramic brightness, stronger than glass toughness.In the prior art, also have and use coal gangue, flyash and carbide slag as the feedstock production sytull.But present sytull is technological, can't these wastes be occupied sizable ratio in the raw material of producing sytull, and usage quantity is very little.It is generally acknowledged that if contain more coal gangue, flyash or carbide slag in the raw material, the forming core in the time of will influencing crystallization is difficult for crystallization.
At present; When using coal gangue, flyash and carbide slag, adopt sintering process mostly, be about to the shrend of fused glass metal and become the glass slag or be processed into glass gob, and then these glass slags or glass gob are paved on the refractory slab of kiln as the feedstock production sytull; Heat up once more and carry out crystallization; Such complex process, the energy dissipation consumption is big, cost is high, and in addition, the air that is included between glass slag or the glass gob can not be got rid of when sintering totally; Make sytull contain a large amount of pores, influenced the quality of sytull.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of method of utilizing kaolin type coal gangue or flyash and carbide slag to prepare sytull to the problem that exists in the prior art.Present method is simple, energy-conservation, the waste utilization rate improves greatly, and crystalline content is high in the sytull, and void content is extremely low.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of method of utilizing kaolin type coal gangue or flyash and carbide slag to prepare sytull may further comprise the steps:
(1) pre-treatment of raw material: coal gangue is broken into fritter, and through the boiler ash sediment that burning obtains, the burning liberated heat can use it for anything else in addition, and the boiler ash sediment after the burning is ground into fine powder, and fine powder is carried out deironing, obtains coal gangue boiler ash sediment raw material; Flyash is ground into fine powder, the flyash fine powder is carried out deironing, obtain powdered coal ash; Carbide slag is sieved, remove the chip of Graphite Electrodes, as the carbide slag raw material;
(2) batching: prepare burden according to following mass percent:
(3) fusing: with raw materials mix evenly after, send 1350-1450 ℃ melt in furnace to; Keep a part of unfused particle, required nucleus during as thermal treatment; Raw material melts under 1350-1450 ℃ lesser temps, not only can contain not molten particle in the glass metal, can contain a large amount of small bubbles simultaneously; Therefore in melting process; Also will adopt the bubbling technology, feed the minor amount of water steam to the bottom in molten bath, the temperature that water vapour advances before the smelting furnace is controlled at 120-160 ℃; Pressure is 3-5 normal atmosphere, and it is 1-5g that glass metal per ton feeds steam vapour amount; Air pressure in the control melting furnaces is 0.8-0.9 normal atmosphere, the bubble in the liquation is got rid of totally obtain glass melt;
(4) moulding: adopt rolling process, casting or sintering process to carry out moulding to glass melt;
(5) thermal treatment: the blank to after the moulding is heat-treated, and obtains the sytull blank;
(6) sanding and polishing: precision work such as the sytull blank after coming out of the stove for thermal treatment cuts, polishes, polishing can obtain required sytull product.
Coal gangue boiler ash sediment fine powder is less than 40 purpose fine powders with the flyash fine powder in the said step (1), helps deironing, also helps and the mixing of other raw material, and is easy to melt.
Said raw material was of a size of the more coarse grained coal gangue boiler ash sediment of 10～20 purposes to wherein adding 1-5% before fusing.Main purpose is to make raw material when fusing, can keep unfused particle; Required nucleus during as subsequent heat treatment.
Potassium oxide in the said raw material, sodium oxide, barium oxide can be used with the salt of wormwood of its same molar or Pottasium Hydroxide, yellow soda ash or sodium hydroxide, barium carbonate and replace, and boron oxide can use the boric acid with its same molar to replace.
Forming method of the present invention can adopt rolling process, casting or sintering process, is specially:
(1) rolling process: with glass melt in 1100-1250 ℃ of calendering formation;
(2) casting: with glass melt in 1100-1350 ℃ of casting;
(3) sintering process: glass melt is become glass slag (or claiming glass microballon) in 1350 ℃ of shrends, or glass melt is pressed into the glass fragment in 1100-1250 ℃; Glass microballon or glass fragment cloth on the kiln car refractory slab of crystallization furnace are become certain big small area and thickness.
The present invention adopts different heat treating methods according to different forming methods, is specially:
When (1) the red heat chunk glass of employing rolling process or casting moulding is sent heat treatment furnace to, initially to cool to below 600-650 ℃, then progressively be warming up to 800-900 ℃ of insulation, make the abundant crystallization of glass; Be cooled to 600-500 ℃ again and keep 60min; Being cooled to 120 ℃ with 3-5 ℃/min at last comes out of the stove.
When (2) adopting sintering process; Earlier,, progressively be cooled to 950-850 ℃ of maintenance 120min then at 1080-1140 ℃ of levelling with fusions that progressively heat up of glass microballon or glass fragment; Be cooled to 600-500 ℃ again and keep 60min, be cooled to 120 ℃ with 3-5 ℃/min at last and come out of the stove.
The invention has the advantages that:
The present invention utilizes kaolin type coal gangue or flyash and carbide slag to prepare sytull for main raw material, and waste material change script is useless, that also can cause environmental pollution is as useful material.
Preparing method provided by the invention is with the different of prior art: (1) adds the coarse particles boiler ash sediment in raw material, makes it not meltable clear when fusing; (2) cold melt keeps not molten particle, the nucleus during as the thermal treatment crystallization; (3) through in melting process, adding the bubbling technology of water vapour, remove the small bubbles in the glass metal, can make the sytull quality of preparation improve greatly.
The preparation method of sytull provided by the invention; Compare with prior art; The add-on sum of coal gangue or flyash and carbide slag is bigger in the raw material; When utilizing flyash or coal gangue preparing glass-ceramic usually, the consumption of this constituents is less than 40%, and the add-on sum of flyash of the present invention or coal gangue and carbide slag can reach 60-70%.
Embodiment
Below through embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Embodiment 1
Select for use coal gangue, carbide slag as main raw material, adopt rolling process to produce glass-ceramic plate, the step of its preparation method is following:
1, coal gangue is carried out pre-treatment:
(1) coal gangue is broken into the fine particle of diameter less than 30mm;
(2) the coal gangue fine particle obtains boiler ash sediment through boiling furnace combustion (liberated heat uses it for anything else in addition);
(3) boiler ash sediment is broken into less than 40 purpose fine powders;
(4) with magnetic separator de-ironing fine powder is carried out deironing;
(5) sampling chemical examination is as one of main raw material for preparing sytull.
2, carbide slag is carried out pre-treatment:
Carbide slag is crossed 40 purposes sieve, remove the Graphite Electrodes chip that mixes wherein, as the another kind of main raw material of preparation sytull.
3, the basic recipe (in weight percent) of design glass-ceramic plate:
Annotate: potassium oxide, sodium oxide can replace with salt of wormwood or Pottasium Hydroxide, yellow soda ash or sodium hydroxide.
4, in basic raw material, add 10-20 order coal gangue boiler ash sediment 5%.
5, various raw materials are mixed in proportion.
6, fusing:
(1) mixed raw materials is rendered in the melting furnaces melted, high melting temperature is controlled at 1400 ℃, keeps the molten particle of a part in the glass metal;
(2) adopt the bubbling technology, from furnace bottom input minor amount of water steam, the temperature that water vapour enters the stokehold is controlled at 120-160 ℃, and pressure is 3-5 normal atmosphere, and the steam vapour amount that glass metal per ton feeds is 1-5g;
(3) control negative pressure (0.9 normal atmosphere) fusing is so that get rid of the small bubbles in the solution clean;
(4) temperature of work pool is controlled at 1150-1250 ℃.
7, the red heat glass metal is pressed into sheet glass through stack.
8, with red heat glass sheets subsequent annealing in the roller kiln:
(1) initial temperature will drop to 600-650 ℃, keeps 80min, so that form abundant small crystal nucleus;
(2) temperature rises to 800-820 ℃ of maintenance 120min, so that nucleus is fully grown up;
(3) temperature descends then, when reducing to 600-500 ℃, keeps 60min;
(4) being cooled to 120 ℃ with 3 ℃/min cooling rate at last comes out of the stove.
9, the sytull blank behind the kiln discharge is cut, polishes, polishes, obtain required glass-ceramic plate.
Each item performance index of this glass-ceramic plate all are higher than national standard, and its bending strength is higher than national standard 30Mpa far away up to 120Mpa.
Embodiment 2
Select for use flyash, carbide slag as main raw material, adopt casting to produce the sytull figure of buddha.
1, flyash is carried out pre-treatment:
(1) magnetic separator de-ironing carries out deironing to flyash.
(2) sampling chemical examination is as the main raw material of preparation sytull pipeline.
2, carbide slag is carried out pre-treatment: carbide slag is crossed 40 purpose sieves, remove the Graphite Electrodes chip that mixes wherein, as the another kind of main raw material of preparation sytull.
3, design the basic recipe of this sytull figure of buddha:
Annotate: potassium oxide, sodium oxide, barium oxide can replace with corresponding salt of wormwood, yellow soda ash, barium carbonate, and boron oxide can replace with boric acid.
4, the coal gangue boiler ash sediment that in basic recipe, adds 10-20 order 3%.
5, various raw materials are mixed in proportion.
6, fusing:
(1) mixed raw materials is rendered in the molten bath, high melting temperature is controlled at 1380 ℃, contains some molten particle in the glass metal;
(2) adopt the bubbling technology, feed small amount of water vapor from the tank furnace bottom, the temperature of water vapour is controlled at 120-160 ℃, and pressure is 3-5 normal atmosphere, and the steam vapour amount that glass metal per ton feeds is 1-5g;
(3) control negative pressure (0.8 normal atmosphere) fusing is so that get rid of the small bubbles in the liquation clean;
(4) temperature of work pool is controlled at 1200-1300 ℃.
7, moulding: the red heat glass metal is poured in the previously prepd figure of buddha sand mold mould.
8, thermal treatment: red heat glass is sent into tunnel together with the sand mold mould carry out subsequent annealing:
(1) to keep the sufficiently long time at 600-650 ℃, reach abundant coring so that the central part of the figure of buddha can surpass 60min the 600-650 ℃ of residence time;
(2) temperature rises to 800 ℃ and stops 200-300min, so that the central part of the figure of buddha surpasses 100min 800 ℃ the residence time, reaches abundant crystallization;
(3) temperature is reduced to more than the 600-500 ℃ of stop 60min;
(4) being cooled to 100 ℃ with the cooling rate of 1 ℃/min after comes out of the stove.
9, after temperature is reduced to room temperature, remove the sand mold mould, blank is carried out precision work, obtain the required sytull figure of buddha.
The product that this figure of buddha forms just as Russian jasper engraving.
Embodiment 3
Select for use coal gangue, carbide slag as main raw material, adopt sintering process to prepare decorative pattern type crystallizing glass decoration board.
1, coal gangue is carried out pre-treatment:
(1) coal gangue is broken into the fine particle of diameter less than 30mm;
(2) the coal gangue fine particle obtains boiler ash sediment through boiling furnace combustion (liberated heat uses it for anything else in addition);
(3) boiler ash sediment is broken into less than 40 purpose fine powders;
(4) with magnetic separator de-ironing fine powder is carried out deironing;
(5) sampling chemical examination is as one of main raw material for preparing sytull.
2, carbide slag is carried out pre-treatment: carbide slag is crossed 40 purpose sieves, remove the Graphite Electrodes chip that mixes wherein, as the another kind of main raw material of preparation sytull.
3, confirm the basic recipe of sytull:
Silicon-dioxide 25.5% coal gangue boiler ash sediment ash 41.5%
Carbide slag 20.5% sodium oxide 9.5%
Zinc oxide 1.0% barium oxide 2.0%
Annotate: sodium oxide, barium oxide can replace with corresponding yellow soda ash, barium carbonate.
4, in basic recipe, add 10-20 order coal gangue boiler ash sediment 5%.
5, various raw materials are mixed in proportion.
6, fusing:
(1) mixed raw materials is rendered in the melting furnaces melted, temperature of fusion is controlled at below 1450 ℃;
(2) input minor amount of water steam at the bottom of the melting furnaces pond, the temperature of water vapour is controlled at 120-160 ℃, and pressure is 3-5 normal atmosphere, and the steam vapour amount that glass metal per ton feeds is 1-5g;
(3) adopt negative pressure (0.9 normal atmosphere) fusing.
7, will melt good glass metal in 1200 ℃ of glass fragments that are pressed into thick 3mm, the overall dimension of fragment is no more than 50mm.
8, the glass fragment is arranged on the refractory slab from level to level of kiln car.Layout thickness is 30mm.
9, kiln car is advanced sintering, crystallization, annealing in the subsequent annealing kiln, high crystallization temperature is controlled at about 1120 ℃, obtains the glass-ceramic plate blank.
10, after the cooling, blank is cut, polishes, polishes, obtain final crystallizing glass decoration board.
The bending strength of this glass-ceramic plate is up to 55Mpa, far above the 30Mpa of national standard.
In the raw material that the present invention uses, the composition of coal gangue is seen table 1, and the fine coal ash composition is seen table 2, and the composition of carbide slag is seen table 3.
Table 1 coal gangue staple (wt%)
| SiO 2 | Al 2O 3 | Fe 2O 3 | K 2O | Na 2O | CaO | REO |
| 55.0-65.0 | 34.0-44.0 | 1.5-3.5 | 0-0.5 | 0-0.5 | 0.5-1.0 | 0.1-0.5 |
Table 2 flyash staple (wt%)
| SiO 2 | Al 2O 3 | Fe 2O 3 | K 2O | Na 2O | CaO | REO |
| 54.5-65.0 | 35.5-44.0 | 1.5-3.5 | 0-0.5 | 0-0.5 | 0.5-1.0 | 0.1-0.5 |
Table 3 carbide slag staple (wt%)
| CaO | SiO 2 | Al 2O 3 | Graphite | REO |
| 94.0-96.5 | 1.0-1.5 | 0.5-1.0 | 2.0-3.0 | 0.1-0.5 |
Claims (7)
1. a method of utilizing kaolin type coal gangue or flyash and carbide slag to prepare sytull is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) pre-treatment of raw material: the boiler ash sediment that the coal gangue burning is obtained is ground into fine powder, and fine powder is carried out deironing, obtains coal gangue boiler ash sediment raw material; Flyash is ground into fine powder, the flyash fine powder is carried out deironing, obtain powdered coal ash; Carbide slag is sieved, remove the chip of Graphite Electrodes, as the carbide slag raw material;
(2) batching: prepare burden according to following mass percent:
(3) fusing: with raw materials mix evenly after, send 1350-1450 ℃ melt in furnace to; Keep a part of unfused particle, required nucleus during as thermal treatment is in melting process; Bottom to the molten bath feeds the minor amount of water steam; The temperature that water vapour advances before the smelting furnace is controlled at 120-160 ℃, and pressure is 3-5 normal atmosphere, and it is 1-5g that glass metal per ton feeds steam vapour amount; Air pressure in the control melting furnaces is 0.8-0.9 normal atmosphere, the bubble in the liquation is got rid of totally obtain glass melt;
(4) moulding: glass melt is carried out moulding, obtain chunk glass or glass fragment;
(5) thermal treatment: chunk glass or glass fragment to obtaining are heat-treated, and obtain the sytull blank;
(6) sanding and polishing: precision work such as the sytull blank after coming out of the stove for thermal treatment cuts, polishes, polishing can obtain required sytull product.
2. the method for utilizing kaolin type coal gangue or flyash and carbide slag to prepare sytull according to claim 1 is characterized in that, coal gangue boiler ash sediment fine powder and flyash fine powder are less than 40 purpose fine powders in the said step (1).
3. the method for utilizing kaolin type coal gangue or flyash and carbide slag to prepare sytull according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, said raw material is before fusing, to wherein adding the more coarse grained coal gangue boiler ash sediment of 1-5%.
4. the method for utilizing kaolin type coal gangue or flyash and carbide slag to prepare sytull according to claim 3 is characterized in that, size 10～20 orders of said more coarse grained coal gangue boiler ash sediment.
5. the method for utilizing kaolin type coal gangue or flyash and carbide slag to prepare sytull according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Potassium oxide in the said raw material, sodium oxide, barium oxide are used with the salt of wormwood of its same molar or Pottasium Hydroxide, yellow soda ash or sodium hydroxide, barium carbonate and are replaced, and boron oxide uses the boric acid with its same molar to replace.
6. the method for utilizing kaolin type coal gangue or flyash and carbide slag to prepare sytull according to claim 1 is characterized in that, below described forming method adopts any one:
(1) rolling process: with glass melt in 1100-1250 ℃ of calendering formation;
(2) casting: with glass melt in 1100-1350 ℃ of casting;
(3) sintering process: glass melt is become glass slag (or claiming glass microballon) in 1350 ℃ of shrends, or glass melt is pressed into the glass fragment in 1100-1250 ℃; Glass microballon or glass fragment cloth on the kiln car refractory slab of crystallization furnace are become certain big small area and thickness.
7. the method for utilizing kaolin type coal gangue or flyash and carbide slag to prepare sytull according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described thermal treatment is specially:
When (1) the red heat chunk glass of employing rolling process or casting moulding is sent heat treatment furnace to, initially to cool to below 600-650 ℃, then progressively be warming up to 800-900 ℃ of insulation, make the abundant crystallization of glass; Be cooled to 600-500 ℃ again and keep 60min; Being cooled to 120 ℃ with 3-5 ℃/min at last comes out of the stove.
When (2) adopting sintering process; Earlier,, progressively be cooled to 950-850 ℃ of maintenance 120min then at 1080-1140 ℃ of levelling with fusions that progressively heat up of glass microballon or glass fragment; Be cooled to 600-500 ℃ again and keep 60min, be cooled to 120 ℃ with 3-5 ℃/min at last and come out of the stove.
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| CN111423125A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-17 | 惠州市彩玉微晶新材有限公司 | Processing technology and texture manufacturing method of full-melting metal ion coloring microcrystalline glass plate |
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| CN113499754A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-10-15 | 国家煤化工产品质量监督检验中心（安徽）（淮南市产品质量监督检验所） | Composite adsorption material based on coal gangue and coal ash and preparation process thereof |
| CN113499754B (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2023-06-02 | 国家煤化工产品质量监督检验中心（安徽）（淮南市产品质量监督检验所） | Composite adsorption material based on gangue and fly ash and preparation process thereof |
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