CN102783352A - Method for efficiently increasing production of cassia sophera seeds - Google Patents
Method for efficiently increasing production of cassia sophera seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN102783352A CN102783352A CN2012103306804A CN201210330680A CN102783352A CN 102783352 A CN102783352 A CN 102783352A CN 2012103306804 A CN2012103306804 A CN 2012103306804A CN 201210330680 A CN201210330680 A CN 201210330680A CN 102783352 A CN102783352 A CN 102783352A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for efficiently increasing production of cassia sophera seeds which are used as tea garden green manure. The method comprises the following steps: selecting ground for a cassia sophera nursery garden, sowing, transplanting, performing disease and insect pest and weed control, and removing terminal buds at a proper time to promote development of lateral branches and improve ripening rate of the seeds; and when harvesting the seeds, hammering the pods by bamboo poles to enable the seeds of tea fertilizer No.1 to be piped. The method is simple to operate, high in ripening rate, and cannot influence growth of tea trees in the tea garden.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to modern seeding technique field, relate to a kind of Cassia sophera seed and efficiently increase production method, be specifically related to be used for the Cassia sophera seed efficient propagation method of tea place green manure.
Background technology
" fertile No. 1 of tea " formal name used at school is Cassia sophera Cassia sophera L., is the leguminosae cassia plant, even number winglike compound leaf, alternate, long leaflet 10-20 piece, oblong or long avette, the anxious point of tip; Flower is yellow, obovate; 25 millimeters of corolla diameters, 5 of sepals, 5 on petal, long 16 millimeters, wide 8 millimeters, 10 pieces on stamen, 3 pieces of agensis, 1 piece of gynoecium.Fruit is a pod, long 6-12 centimetre, and wide 0.5-1 centimetre, there is not hair, each pod contains seed 28-46 grain, and oval is flat slightly, is about 4 millimeters, about seed thousand kernel weight 18 grams.Its pharmacological action: cold, bitter.Anti-inflammatory, effective in cure to stomachache, laryngitis, lymphnoditis.Seed is an antipyretic, can be relieving cough and reducing sputum; Leaf is mashed edema of the dorsum of the foot poison; Root is good for the stomach, and ends dysentery.Tender leaf and tender pod are edible.Among the peoplely mainly be used as medicine with its root, terrestrial stem part total nitrogen content about 4%, content of tatal phosphorus about 0.3%, full potassium content is more than 1%, and the plant strain growth gesture is strong, 180 centimetres of average plant heights.Basically do not influence growth of tea plant, can be used as tea tree green manure in summer, can do the tea place yet and bury organic fertilizer resource blue or green and covering.Cut green grass or young crops late August-mid-September, the blue or green amount of every per mu yield can reach 10000 kilograms.Be laid on the tea tree root after cutting green grass or young crops, about 1 time-of-week can become thoroughly decomposed, and for tea tree a large amount of organic fertilizer resources is provided fast.This plant has better suppressed the growth of weeds in process of growth, reduced the use of weed killer herbicide, has improved quality of tea leaves.The suitable growth of tea plant demand of various nutritive element content ratios in this plant in addition, nutrient discharge with tea tree absorb roughly synchronous, can balance soil nutrient condition; Improve soil property, strengthen tea tree and absorb, promote growth of tea plant; Improve tea leaf quality, increase output etc.
The Cassia sophera the surface of the seed has very thick wax, and the kind subshell is also very thick, and generally seed is difficult to the suction germination, causes this percentage of seedgermination very low.It is a kind of with Cassia sophera seed raise seedling method on scale and nutrient solution thereof that publication number is that the Chinese patent of CN102487686A discloses, and solved this problem.But unreasonable in Cassia sophera process of growth pitch, be prone to influence the abundant growth of branches and leaves, affect indirectly the ripening rate of Cassia sophera.
According to long-term experiment practice; We have invented a kind of method that the Cassia sophera single-strain seed is increased production significantly; Adopt artificial graft's way, appropriate design spacing in the rows and line-spacing; And reasonably combined, easy and simple to handle with tea tree, be applicable to Cassia sophera seed large-scale breeding, overcome that existing its seed-setting rate is not high, per unit area yield is low, the not obvious problem such as labour intensity that increases the weight of of weed in tea garden growth inhibition.
Summary of the invention
The technical scheme that the present invention adopts comprises:
(1) require to the choosing of Cassia sophera nursery: the nursery is new reclamation of wasteland level land or ground, gentle slope, well draining rice field or ground, tea place, and soil property is a sandy loam, and year is put in order ground earlier, cultivates dark 20 cm of soil.
(2) sowing: late March-grow seedlings by the end of April, adopt through seed rejuvenator seeds treated, its thickness of sowing 5000～7500 gram/mus (can adopt and mix the fine sand sowing; Help sowing evenly); Row is opened the dark shallow ridges of dark 8-10cm earlier, and using with phosphate fertilizer is main base manure, covers the thick soil of 2cm again; On soil layer, sow then, at last at the very thin one deck soil of seed loam cake.
(3) transplant: the Cassia sophera seedling grows 4-5 sheet leaf, from the nursery with seedling extract be stained with mud after, adopt suitable transplanting density to transplant, whenever spread manuer in holes and use base fertilizer, 8-9 gram/cave applies fertilizer to the subsoil.
(4) sick Chinese caterpillar fungus control: transplanting back green manure height of seedling degree is that 10～18cm (by the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May) carries out the weeds removing; 7, notice that prodenia litura takes place August, break out greatly 7,8, September, utilize desinsection lamp trapping adult, manual removal's pieces of an egg are concentrated the blade of larva with band.
(5) terminal bud is extractd: in mid-June, adopt the manual terminal bud that carries out to extract, to promote its side shoot development.
(6) seed collection: on December, the middle ten days; Treat that Cassia sophera (fertile No. 1 fruit of tea or pod) color becomes brown, will bear pods with the top harvesting, shine 2-3 solar day at concrete floor then with reaping hook; Beat the fruit pod with bamboo pole, fertile No. 1 seed of tea is pipped.
In a specific embodiments, transplant the Cassia sophera seedling described in the step (3) and grow 4-5 sheet leaf, comprise 2 cotyledons.
In a specific embodiments, step is transplanted density described in (3), and wherein transplanting line-spacing is that 60-80cm, transplanting spacing in the rows are 60-80cm, 1 strain of every cave.
In a specific embodiments, base fertilizer described in the step (3), the ratio of Hefei and fused calcium magnesium phosphate is 11:9, the 8-9 gram/cave that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, wherein the Hefei composition is 15% CH
4ON
2, 15%P
2O
5And 15%K
2O.
In a specific embodiments, its plant height was about 58-63cm when Cassia sophera plant described in the step (5) carried out the terminal bud excision.
Technique effect
1, the main transplanting method that adopts carries out among the present invention, compares with program request, and the availability of fertilizer thing is higher, and the growth rate of weeds reduces, and the Cassia sophera growth of seedling is more vigorous.The point broadcast mode is seeded into and absorbs fertilizer and need more than 20 day, because April, south water rain was more, weeds utilize that institute's fertilise is faster simultaneously with sowing; Weed growth speed is also fast; And the employing transplanting method can utilize with the fertilizer of broadcasting fast, and the weeds plant is littler than Cassia sophera seedling at least.
2, confirmed rational seedling replanting density first,, also guaranteed the needed various nutritive elements of growth of seedling for seedling provides rational growing space; Because it is excessive to transplant density, divide minor matters to improve, cause branch quantity to reduce; Flowering time is postponed, and is solid little; It is low excessively to transplant density, and weeds are many, and cost is high, and output also influences.
3, May, south water rain was less, adopted shoot root to be stained with mud and carried out transplanting method, can play water retention, improved survival rate.
4, grow seedlings manageablely, convenient on a large scale, the consumption worker is few, has improved percentage of seedgermination.
5, adopt transplanting method, can improve the regularity of seedling, be beneficial to the field management of seedling, reduce the chance of weed growth.
6, through adopting appropriate time to pinch, can increase the growth of side shoot, improve the output of its seed.
Embodiment
Below, the present invention will further explain with embodiment, but it is not limited to any or the similar instance of these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Select 1 mu of East and West direction children tea place sandy loam in age, plough a year winter earlier, put in order ground, rake, apply 25 kilograms in calcium phosphate when smooth, fertilizer (dish cake) is made base manure for 30 kilograms, evenly digs in the soil, with the abundant mixing of soil, behind the face of smooth railway carriage or compartment.
Sowing: late March-grow seedlings by the end of April, adopt through seed rejuvenator seeds treated (Cassia sophera), its thickness of sowing 5000～7500 gram/mus (can adopt and mix the fine sand sowing; Help sowing evenly); Row is opened the dark shallow ridges of dark 8-10cm earlier, and using with phosphate fertilizer is main base manure, covers the thick soil of 2cm again; On soil layer, sow then, at last at the very thin one deck soil of seed loam cake.
Transplant: the Cassia sophera seedling grows 4-5 sheet leaf, when wherein also comprising 2 cotyledons, from the nursery seedling is extracted and to be stained with mud and to transplant; Transplant density: line-spacing 70cm * spacing in the rows 80cm, 1 strain of every cave is whenever spreaded manuer in holes and is used base fertilizer; Wherein 4.4g Hefei and 3.6g fused calcium magnesium phosphate, the 8g/ cave always applies fertilizer to the subsoil.
Sick Chinese caterpillar fungus control: transplanting back green manure height of seedling degree is that 10～18cm (by the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May) carries out the weeds removing; 7, notice that prodenia litura takes place August, break out greatly 7,8, September, utilize desinsection lamp trapping adult, manual removal's pieces of an egg are concentrated the blade of larva with band.
Terminal bud is extractd: in mid-June, the Cassia sophera plant height adopts the manual terminal bud that carries out to extract about 60cm, to promote its side shoot development.
Seed collection: on December, the middle ten days; Treat that Cassia sophera (fertile No. 1 fruit of tea or pod) color becomes brown; To bear pods with the top harvesting with reaping hook, shine 2-3 solar day at concrete floor then, beat the fruit pod with bamboo pole; Fertile No. 1 seed of tea is pipped, get 152.8kg " fertile No. 1 of tea " seed (Cassia sophera).
Case of comparative examples 1
Select 1 mu of East and West direction children tea place sandy loam in age, plough a year winter earlier, put in order ground, rake, apply 25 kilograms in calcium phosphate when smooth, fertilizer (dish cake) is made base manure for 30 kilograms, evenly digs in the soil, with the abundant mixing of soil, behind the face of smooth railway carriage or compartment.Sowing on March 25 green manure seed (Cassia sophera).After the seed rejuvenator that adopts Hunan Inst. of Tea (Hunan Province's tealeaves inspection center) to produce carries out the broken shell processing; Soak 12 h with 120 ppm gibberellin+300 times carbendazim solution constant temperature; Solution temperature remains on 25 ~ 30 ℃, and pull out next day, drains away the water; Admix the ash of 5 times of amount seeds, ash and seed mix.Bury mulch film insulation five days; Surface humidity 80-85 %.Per 3 h inspection once keeps ground moistening,, begins to emerge after 5 days with the additional ground of mist moisture with sprayer, and emerging in 8 days reaches more than 60%.Cheng Miaohou spills in ground, tea place and executes with weight fertilizer, and green manure height of seedling degree is that 10～18cm (by the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May) carries out the weeds removing; 7, notice that prodenia litura takes place August, break out greatly 7,8, September, utilize desinsection lamp trapping adult, manual removal's pieces of an egg are concentrated the blade of larva with band.On December, the middle ten days; Treat that Cassia sophera (fertile No. 1 fruit of tea or pod) color becomes brown; To bear pods with the top harvesting with reaping hook, shine 2-3 solar day at concrete floor then, beat the fruit pod with bamboo pole; Fertile No. 1 seed of tea is pipped, get 103.4kg " fertile No. 1 of tea " seed (Cassia sophera).
Case of comparative examples 2
Select 1 mu of East and West direction children tea place sandy loam in age, plough a year winter earlier, put in order ground, rake, apply 25 kilograms in calcium phosphate when smooth, fertilizer (dish cake) is made base manure for 30 kilograms, evenly digs in the soil, with the abundant mixing of soil, behind the face of smooth railway carriage or compartment.
Sowing: late March-grow seedlings by the end of April, adopt through seed rejuvenator seeds treated (Cassia sophera), its thickness of sowing 5000～7500 gram/mus (can adopt and mix the fine sand sowing; Help sowing evenly); Row is opened the dark shallow ridges of dark 8-10cm earlier, and using with phosphate fertilizer is main base manure, covers the thick soil of 2cm again; On soil layer, sow then, at last at the very thin one deck soil of seed loam cake.
Transplant: the Cassia sophera seedling grows 4-5 sheet leaf; When wherein also comprising 2 cotyledons, from the nursery seedling extracted and to be stained with mud and to transplant, transplant density: line-spacing (60-80cm) * spacing in the rows (60-80cm); 1 strain of every cave; Whenever spread manuer in holes and use base fertilizer, wherein 4.4g Hefei and 3.6g fused calcium magnesium phosphate, the 8g/ cave always applies fertilizer to the subsoil.
Sick Chinese caterpillar fungus control: transplanting back green manure height of seedling degree is that 10～18cm (by the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May) carries out the weeds removing; 7, notice that prodenia litura takes place August, break out greatly 7,8, September, utilize desinsection lamp trapping adult, manual removal's pieces of an egg are concentrated the blade of larva with band.
Terminal bud is extractd: in late May, the Cassia sophera plant height adopts the manual terminal bud that carries out to extract about 40cm, to promote its side shoot development.
Seed collection: on December, the middle ten days; Treat that Cassia sophera (fertile No. 1 fruit of tea or pod) color becomes brown; To bear pods with the top harvesting with reaping hook, shine 2-3 solar day at concrete floor then, beat the fruit pod with bamboo pole; Fertile No. 1 seed of tea is pipped, get 133.7kg " fertile No. 1 of tea " seed (Cassia sophera).
Case of comparative examples 3
Select 1 mu of East and West direction children tea place sandy loam in age, plough a year winter earlier, put in order ground, rake, apply 25 kilograms in calcium phosphate when smooth, fertilizer (dish cake) is made base manure for 30 kilograms, evenly digs in the soil, with the abundant mixing of soil, behind the face of smooth railway carriage or compartment.
Sowing: late March-grow seedlings by the end of April, adopt through seed rejuvenator seeds treated, its thickness of sowing 5000～7500 gram/mus (can adopt and mix the fine sand sowing; Help sowing evenly); Row is opened the dark shallow ridges of dark 8-10cm earlier, and using with phosphate fertilizer is main base manure, covers the thick soil of 2cm again; On soil layer, sow then, at last at the very thin one deck soil of seed loam cake.
Transplant: the Cassia sophera seedling grows 4-5 sheet leaf; When wherein also comprising 2 cotyledons, from the nursery seedling extracted and to be stained with mud and to transplant, transplant density: line-spacing (60-80cm) * spacing in the rows (60-80cm); 1 strain of every cave; Whenever spread manuer in holes and use base fertilizer, wherein 4.4g Hefei and 3.6g fused calcium magnesium phosphate, the 8g/ cave always applies fertilizer to the subsoil.
Sick Chinese caterpillar fungus control: transplanting back green manure height of seedling degree is that 10～18cm (by the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May) carries out the weeds removing; 7, notice that prodenia litura takes place August, break out greatly 7,8, September, utilize desinsection lamp trapping adult, manual removal's pieces of an egg are concentrated the blade of larva with band.
Terminal bud is extractd: in early July, the Cassia sophera plant height adopts the manual terminal bud that carries out to extract about 75cm, to promote its side shoot development.
Seed collection: on December, the middle ten days; Treat that Cassia sophera (fertile No. 1 fruit of tea or pod) color becomes brown; To bear pods with the top harvesting with reaping hook, shine 2-3 solar day at concrete floor then, beat the fruit pod with bamboo pole; Fertile No. 1 seed of tea is pipped, get 131.5kg " fertile No. 1 of tea " seed (Cassia sophera).
Claims (4)
1. a Cassia sophera seed efficiently increases production method, its concrete operations step:
(1) require to the choosing of Cassia sophera nursery: the nursery is new reclamation of wasteland level land or ground, gentle slope, well draining rice field or ground, tea place, and soil property is a sandy loam, and year is put in order ground earlier, cultivates dark 20 cm of soil;
(2) sowing: late March-grow seedlings by the end of April, adopt through seed rejuvenator seeds treated, its thickness of sowing 5000～7500 gram/mus (can adopt and mix the fine sand sowing; Help sowing evenly); Row is opened the dark shallow ridges of dark 8-10cm earlier, and using with phosphate fertilizer is main base manure, covers the thick soil of 2cm again; On soil layer, sow then, at last at the very thin one deck soil of seed loam cake;
(3) transplant: the Cassia sophera seedling grows 4-5 sheet leaf, from the nursery with seedling extract be stained with mud after, adopt suitable transplanting density to transplant, whenever spread manuer in holes and use base fertilizer, 8-9 gram/cave applies fertilizer to the subsoil;
(4) sick Chinese caterpillar fungus control: transplanting back green manure height of seedling degree is that 10～18cm (by the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May) carries out the weeds removing; 7, notice that prodenia litura takes place August, break out greatly 7,8, September, utilize desinsection lamp trapping adult, manual removal's pieces of an egg are concentrated the blade of larva with band;
(5) terminal bud is extractd: in mid-June, adopt the manual terminal bud that carries out to extract, to promote its side shoot development;
(6) seed collection: on December, the middle ten days; Treat that Cassia sophera (fertile No. 1 fruit of tea or pod) color becomes brown, will bear pods with the top harvesting, shine 2-3 solar day at concrete floor then with reaping hook; Beat the fruit pod with bamboo pole, fertile No. 1 seed of tea is pipped.
2. transplant density according to the process of claim 1 wherein described in the step (3), wherein transplanting line-spacing is that 60-80cm, transplanting spacing in the rows are 60-80cm, 1 strain of every cave.
3. according to the process of claim 1 wherein base fertilizer described in the step (3), the ratio of Hefei and fused calcium magnesium phosphate is 11:9, the 8-9 gram/cave that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and wherein the Hefei composition is 15% CH
4ON
2, 15%P
2O
5And 15%K
2O.
According to the process of claim 1 wherein Cassia sophera plant described in the step (5) carry out terminal bud when extracing its plant height about 58-63cm.
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| CN103976278A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2014-08-13 | 马鞍山市瑞利食品有限公司 | Radix polygonati officinalis-red date crispy rice and processing method thereof |
| CN104012280A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-03 | 福建农林大学 | Neem-tea tree-chamaecrista rotundifolia three-dimensional intercropping tea garden pest control method |
| CN115316198A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-11-11 | 云南林业职业技术学院 | Pennisetum artificial planting method |
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| CN115316198A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-11-11 | 云南林业职业技术学院 | Pennisetum artificial planting method |
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Application publication date: 20121121 |