CN102781081B - Energy-saving transmission for wireless sensor network based on secondary exponential smoothing forecasting - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy-saving transmission for a wireless sensor network based on secondary exponential smoothing forecasting. The wireless sensor network comprises a sampling node A0 and a relay node A1; and the method comprises a step of operating the sampling node and a step of operating the relay node, wherein the relay node A1 is processed via single exponential smoothing and secondary exponential smoothing forecasting. The method has the main beneficial effects that the energy consumption in the transmission of the nodes under the wireless sensor network is reduced, and the receiving node has relatively high event receiving rate under the caching of the sampling node.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wireless transducer network energy saving technical field, relate in particular to a kind of wireless sensor network node dormancy method based on prediction caching mechanism.
Background technology
Wireless sensor network adopts IEEE 802.15.4 standard conventionally, is widely used in the fields such as environmental observation, Smart Home, medical treatment and nursing, traffic monitoring.In IEEE 802.15.4 standard, the network equipment has the features such as consuming little energy, low data transmission rate, short communication distance, short packages length.Because node in sensor network is conventionally battery-powered, its energy is very limited, therefore how to reduce node energy consumption, and extending network lifetime is the focus of Chinese scholars research.
Node in wireless sensor network is mainly made up of sensor assembly, processor module, wireless communication module and power module.But most energy consumption is to be produced by wireless communication module.Wireless communication module may be in transmission, reception, free time and four kinds of states of dormancy, and the energy consumption under these four kinds of states is widely different, minimum with resting state energy consumption.Therefore, take rational node dormancy strategy, reduce the node idle listening time, can effectively reduce the energy consumption of node.
CN101119254A discloses " based on the wireless transducer network energy saving method of cross-layer design ".In this invention, in wireless sensor network, on node microcontroller and analog to digital converter ADC, set active/resting state, on wireless data sending/receiving module WTRU, transmission, reception and resting state are set, and send from Surveillance center according to the control command of primitive design, control the conversion of above-mentioned each state, thereby carry out cross-layer energy saving optimizing from application layer, network layer, link layer and the physical layer of wireless sensor network.Do not affecting under the prerequisite of application performance and function, reaching the effect that reduces node entirety energy consumption.
CN101557408A discloses " a kind of wireless sensor network active mode resting dispatching method ".In this invention, first node is embedded into self residual time-to-live length mark in wake-up signal, and issues with the forms of broadcasting; Neighbor node is periodically waken up, and receives described wake-up signal, resolves described remaining time of length mark, determines activation moments, again enters resting state; Arrive once activation moments, described neighbor node activates.This invention can make the activationary time of network node shorten to greatest extent, realizes network node energy-conservation to greatest extent.
CN101951556A discloses " the wireless sensor network data distribution method of coding Network Based ".This fundamental idea of the invention is to send after packet that Sink node will send is first encoded again, all other nodes are encoded and broadcast by corresponding forwarding mechanism after receiving enough coded packet, decode original packet after node is received enough encoded packets.The method is applied to sensor node in practical application and lost efficacy or the unstable situation that causes packet loss to occur of transmission link, take network code to combine with broadcast characteristic, reduce the number of retransmissions of packet, reduced the energy consumption in wireless sensor network information transmitting procedure.
CN102438299A discloses " a kind of power-economizing method of wireless senser and dormancy decision system ".The method of this invention is by design element cellular automaton state transition rules, according to network topology situation difference, thereby dormancy threshold value is set and regulates dormancy intensity, make the node can be by the state transition rules of cellular automata, between dormancy and operating state, switch, in the time having too much neighbor node in running order, present node can enter resting state, thereby has reduced energy consumption.
But, the dormancy power-economizing method more complicated of above-mentioned prior art, event acceptance rate is lower.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of wireless transducer network energy saving transmission method based on double smoothing prediction, wherein said wireless sensor network comprises sampling node A
0with via node A
1, it is characterized in that: be made up of sampling node operating procedure and via node operating procedure two parts, wherein, described sampling node operating procedure comprises the following steps:
Step 1. is at sampling node A
0place arranges buffer memory BUF, and buffer memory BUF is made up of the element of BufferSize, and the data structure of buffer memory BUF is as follows:
EventID: Case Number;
EventOccurInterval: in two time intervals that event occurs in succession, unit is millisecond;
Data: the physical quantity relevant to the event collecting;
Step 2. is as sampling node A
0while capturing an event, carry out following operation:
1. this event is numbered, and it is designated as to NewID;
2. calculate the time of origin interval of this event, and it is designated as to NewInt, wherein, the time of origin interval of first event is taken as 0;
3. by sampling node A
0the physical quantity capturing is designated as NewData;
Step 3. is added tlv triple (NewID, NewInt, NewData) in buffer memory BUF to;
If step 4. via node A
1not yet dormancy, sampling node A
0by the data component frame in buffer memory BUF, the event number that each frame carries is
mAX_EVENT_NUM, wherein
mAX_EVENT_NUMdetermine according to real physical, frame is made up of frame head, frame body and postamble, and wherein, postamble is for Frame Check Sequence; Frame body is for carrying the event information that sampling node captures, the first character of frame body is saved in coordinating sampling node and via node dormancy, formed by three fields: 6 bits retain position, 1 bit " ps-flag " flag bit and 1 bit " lastPkt-flag ", " ps-flag " is energy-saving sign position, " lastPkt-flag " is the indicating bit of last event information in buffer memory, if at sampling node A
0after sending a frame, buffer queue is empty, " lastPkt-flag " flag bit in sent frame is made as to 1; Otherwise " lastPkt-flag " mark position is 0;
If step 5. sampling node A
0receive from via node A
1" ps-flag " flag bit to be made as 1 frame be psReq frame, this frame represents via node A
1request dormancy, so, sampling node A
0check buffer memory BUF, if buffer memory BUF is empty, sampling node A
0sending one " ps-flag ", to be set to 1 frame be that psACK frame is to via node A
1, via node A like this
1enter resting state;
Described via node operating procedure comprises the following steps:
When step 1. is initial, via node A
1in idle condition.
Step 2. is at via node A
1internal memory in, variable X is set
1, X
2, Y
1, Y
2, at via node A
1receive from sampling node A
0first frame time, via node A
1the value of attribute eventOccurInterval corresponding with first event in this frame is taken out, and will it while assignment to variable X
1and Y
1; For the event after in this frame or follow-up receive from sampling node A
0other frame, via node A
1in the steps below all events in received frame are processed one by one:
1.
；
2. the value of the attribute eventOccurInterval corresponding with this event is taken out, and assignment is to variable X
1;
3. calculate successively and assignment by following four formulas:
(1)
(2)
Wherein, arrow left
represent memory variable assignment;
αwith
βfor the constant of value in interval (0,1), and X
1, X
2, Y
1, Y
2unit of measurement be millisecond, formula (1) and formula (2) are respectively single exponential smoothing and double smoothing predictor formula;
If step 3. via node A
1receive from sampling node A
0a frame, it checks " lastPkt-flag " flag bit in this frame; If lastPkt-flag=0, so via node A
1continue to keep the state of intercepting, to receive from sampling node A
0all the other event informations; Otherwise i.e. lastPkt-flag=1, forwards step 4 to;
Step 4. via node A
1dormancy time length is set to Y
1, send a sleep request frame psReq to via node A
0; In psReq frame, " ps-flag " flag bit is set to 1, and deposits dormancy time length value Y in follow-up 4 bytes followed by " ps-flag " mark place byte
1, taking millisecond as unit;
Step 5. via node A
1keep idle condition; Via node A
1once receive from sampling node A
0agreement sleep frame be dormancy acknowledgement frame psACK, just entering resting state and dormancy time length is Y
1; In psACK frame, " ps-flag " mark is set to 1.
Further, in the step 2 of described sampling node operating procedure, to the method for numbering serial of event be: first event be numbered 0, event is afterwards numbered last Case Number and adds 1, when numbering reaches 2
16time, numbering is taken as 0.
Further, reach after BufferSize at the element number of described buffer memory BUF, the element of Case Number eventID minimum in BUF is replaced by the new tlv triple (NewID, NewInt, NewData) producing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the path examples figure that wireless sensor node forms;
Fig. 2 is the double bounce line style network topological diagram of wireless sensor network;
Fig. 3 is method implementing procedure exemplary plot of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
The mode of operation of node is divided into two classes: active state and resting state.Wherein, active state comprises transmission, reception, idle these three states.The dormancy of adjustment node and active state can reduce energy consumption rightly.Desirable node dormancy strategy should possess two characteristics: one, can be along with the feature of sensor network data flow is dynamically adjusted its dormancy time length, and dormancy time has adaptive characteristic; Two, keep the i.e. higher event acceptance rate of lower event loss.
As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a kind of wireless transducer network energy saving transmission method based on double smoothing prediction of the present invention, can adapt to the time of origin of event, come dormancy time and the wake-up time of knot modification according to the time of origin of event, reduce the energy consumption of node and improve event acceptance rate with this.At data bang path A as shown in Figure 1
0à A
1à A
2à ... à A
nin, claim A
0for information source node, A
nfor information destination node, A
1, A
2..., A
n-1for via node.The present invention is mainly used in information source node A
0with via node A
1.Due to information source node A
0undertaking sampling task, therefore, hereinafter referred to as information source node A
0for " sampling node ".
Wireless sensor network comprises sampling node A
0with via node A
1, method of the present invention is made up of " sampling node operating procedure " and " via node operating procedure " two parts, and wherein, " sampling node operating procedure " adopts following steps:
Step 1. is at sampling node A
0place arranges buffer memory BUF, and buffer memory BUF is made up of BufferSize structure element as shown in table 1.
Step 2. is as sampling node A
0while capturing an event, carry out following operation:
1. this event is numbered, and it is designated as to NewID.Method for numbering serial is: first event be numbered 0, event is afterwards numbered last Case Number and adds 1, when numbering reaches 2
16time, numbering is taken as 0;
2. calculate the time of origin interval of this event, and it is designated as to NewInt, wherein, the time of origin interval of first event is taken as 0.
3. by sampling node A
0the physical quantity capturing is designated as NewData.
The data structure of table 1 sampling node buffer memory BUF
| property Name | type | length | describe |
| eventID | numerical value | 2 bytes | case Number |
| eventOccurInterval | numerical value | 2 bytes | in two time intervals that event occurs in succession, unit is millisecond |
| data | numerical value | 1 ~ MaxLen byte | the physical quantity relevant to the event collecting, as temperature, humidity and other physical quantity.MaxLen determines according to the needed memory space of real physical |
Step 3. is added tlv triple (NewID, NewInt, NewData) in buffer memory BUF to, after the element number of BUF reaches BufferSize, just the element of Case Number eventID minimum in BUF is replaced by the new tlv triple (NewID, NewInt, NewData) producing.
If step 4. via node A
1not yet dormancy, sampling node A
0by the data component frame in buffer memory BUF, the event number that each frame carries is
mAX_EVENT_NUM, wherein
mAX_EVENT_NUMdetermine according to real physical.Frame is made up of frame head, frame body and postamble.Wherein, postamble is for Frame Check Sequence; Frame body is for carrying the event information that sampling node captures, the first character of frame body is saved in coordinating sampling node and via node dormancy, it is made up of three fields: 6 bits retain position, 1 bit " ps-flag " flag bit and 1 bit " lastPkt-flag "." ps-flag " is energy-saving sign position, and " lastPkt-flag " is the indicating bit of last event information in buffer memory.If at sampling node A
0after sending a frame, buffer queue is empty, " lastPkt-flag " flag bit in sent frame is made as to 1; Otherwise " lastPkt-flag " mark position is 0.
If step 5. sampling node A
0receive from via node A
1" ps-flag " flag bit to be made as 1 frame be psReq frame, this frame represents via node A
1request dormancy, so, sampling node A
0check buffer memory BUF.If buffer memory BUF is empty, sampling node A
0sending one " ps-flag ", to be set to 1 frame be that psACK frame is to via node A
1, agree to via node A with this
1enter resting state.
In addition, " via node operating procedure " adopts following steps:
When step 1. is initial, via node A
1in idle condition.
Step 2. is at via node A
1internal memory in, variable is set: X
1, X
2, Y
1, Y
2.At via node A
1receive from sampling node A
0first frame time, via node A
1the value of attribute eventOccurInterval corresponding with first event in this frame is taken out, and will it while assignment to variable X
1and Y
1.For the event after in this frame or follow-up receive from sampling node A
0other frame, via node A
1in the steps below all events in received frame are processed one by one:
1.
, herein, arrow left represents memory variable assignment, lower same.
2. the value of the attribute eventOccurInterval corresponding with this event is taken out, and assignment is to variable X
1.
3. calculate successively and assignment by following four formulas:
(1)
(2)
Wherein,
αwith
βfor the constant of value in interval (0,1), and X
1, X
2, Y
1, Y
2unit of measurement be millisecond, formula (1) and formula (2) are respectively single exponential smoothing and double smoothing predictor formula,
αwith
βtrend towards at 0 o'clock, a situation arises more to focus on follow-up thing, and
αwith
βtrend towards at 1 o'clock, before more focusing on, a situation arises for thing.
If step 3. via node A
1receive from sampling node A
0a frame, it checks " lastPkt-flag " flag bit in this frame.If lastPkt-flag=0, so via node A
1continue to keep the state of intercepting, to receive from sampling node A
0all the other event informations; Otherwise i.e. lastPkt-flag=1, forwards step 4 to.
Step 4. via node A
1dormancy time length is set to Y
1, send a sleep request frame psReq to via node A
0.In psReq frame, " ps-flag " flag bit is set to 1, and deposits dormancy time length value Y in follow-up 4 bytes followed by " ps-flag " mark place byte
1, taking millisecond as unit.
Step 5. via node A
1keep idle condition.Via node A
1once receive from sampling node A
0agreement sleep frame be dormancy acknowledgement frame psACK, it just enters resting state and dormancy time length is Y
1.In psACK frame, " ps-flag " mark is set to 1.
We carry out the specific embodiment of the invention as an example with the double bounce line style network shown in Fig. 2.For Fig. 2, implementation process of the present invention as shown in Figure 3.In figure, the middle job step that represents dormancy strategy with digital small circle; E1, e2 ..., e5 represent respectively first, second ..., the 5th event the generation moment; P1, p2 ..., p4 represents the packet that sampling node sends successively; Represent time shaft with the straight line of arrow downwards.In addition, the active state of sampling node, via node, next via node is being shown in left, center, right three row respectively.
As above described in joint, sampling node remains that active state carrys out monitoring of environmental, catches event.At first, all nodes are all in active state.After a period of time, event e1 occurs and is sampled node to capture, and now, the event information relevant to e1 comprises that the interval of events time " eventOccurInterval " is sampled nodal cache in BUF.Now, sampling node knows that via node is in idle condition, so, this event information is packaged into packet p1 and in p1, puts lastPkt-flag=1, represent that this bag sends BUF afterwards and becomes empty; Meanwhile, put ps-flag=0.Then, p1 is sent to via node, referring to Fig. 3 step 1..Via node is transmitted to it next via node again, and next via node is confirmed after receiving p1, beams back ACK bag.Herein, ACK represents the meaning that Acknowledgement confirms.Below, omit the process of via node forwarding data bag to next via node.
After via node receives p1, extract " eventOccurInterval " value, and be that formula (1) and formula (2) are predicted the time interval Y that next event occurs by above-mentioned double smoothing Forecasting Methodology
1.In sampling node buffer memory BUF, there is no data because " lastPkt-flag=1 " in p1 represents, therefore, via node attempts entering resting state, sends a sleep request packet psReq to sampling node, wherein, puts ps-flag=1, sleepTime=Y
1, referring to step 2..Herein, sleepTime represents dormancy time length.Then, via node wait sampling node is beamed back dormancy confirmation packet psACK.
After sampling node is received sleep request psReq, reply dormancy and confirm that psACK is to via node.Now, because buffer memory BUF is empty, " lastPkt-flag " and " ps-flag " flag bit is all set to 1, referring to step 3..Via node, after receiving psACK, is opened a dormancy time length timer, and its time is made as Y
1, then enter resting state, and wake up in the time that dormancy time length timer time has consumed, referring to step 4..
Due between via node rest period, successively there is e2, e3, tri-events of e4 occur and are buffered in the buffer memory BUF of sampling node, referring to step 5..Suppose that sampling node can only be assembled in the information of two events in a packet at every turn at the most,, after via node dormancy finishes, e2 and e3 are packaged in p2.Owing to still having in buffer memory, event information etc. is to be sent, so at the mid-lastPkt-flag=0 of p2, referring to step 6..After p2 successfully sends, e4 is loaded onto in next packet p3.Because after p3 sends, buffer memory BU is empty, so at p3 mid-" lastPkt-flag=1 ", referring to step 7..
Via node, after receiving the packet p3 of this " lastPkt-flag=1 ", is asked next round dormancy, referring to step 8..9. and 10. similar with said process all the other steps such as step, repeats no more.
The technology of the present invention can be widely used in the wireless sensor network based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard, makes sensor node transmit packet with low energy consumption, high reliability.Because wireless sensor network based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard uses, to exempt from license be that the industrial science medical treatment frequency range ISM of License-free is Industrial, Scientific and Medical frequency range communicates, along with the propelling of Internet of Things, the wireless sensor network based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard will be more and more universal.Therefore, the present invention has broad application prospects.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly manifested in: can reduce the transmission energy consumption of node in wireless sensor network, and utilize the buffer memory of sampling node to make receiving node have higher event acceptance rate.
Claims (3)
1. the wireless transducer network energy saving transmission method based on double smoothing prediction, wherein said wireless sensor network comprises sampling node A
0with via node A
1, it is characterized in that: be made up of sampling node operating procedure and via node operating procedure two parts, wherein, described sampling node operating procedure comprises the following steps:
Step 1. is at sampling node A
0place arranges buffer memory BUF, and buffer memory BUF is made up of the element of BufferSize, and the data structure of buffer memory BUF is as follows:
EventID: Case Number;
EventOccurInterval: in two time intervals that event occurs in succession, unit is millisecond;
Data: the physical quantity relevant to the event collecting;
Step 2. is as sampling node A
0while capturing an event, carry out following operation:
This event is numbered, and it is designated as to NewID;
Calculate the time of origin interval of this event, and it is designated as to NewInt, wherein, the time of origin interval of first event is taken as 0;
By sampling node A
0the physical quantity capturing is designated as NewData;
Step 3. is added tlv triple (NewID, NewInt, NewData) in buffer memory BUF to;
If step 4. via node A
1not yet dormancy, sampling node A
0by the data component frame in buffer memory BUF, the event number that each frame carries is
mAX_EVENT_NUM, wherein
mAX_EVENT_NUMdetermine according to real physical, frame is made up of frame head, frame body and postamble, and wherein, postamble is for Frame Check Sequence; Frame body is for carrying the event information that sampling node captures, the first character of frame body is saved in coordinating sampling node and via node dormancy, formed by three fields: 6 bits retain position, 1 bit " ps-flag " flag bit and 1 bit " lastPkt-flag ", " ps-flag " is energy-saving sign position, " lastPkt-flag " is the indicating bit of last event information in buffer memory, if at sampling node A
0after sending a frame, buffer queue is empty, " lastPkt-flag " flag bit in sent frame is made as to 1; Otherwise " lastPkt-flag " mark position is 0;
If step 5. sampling node A
0receive from via node A
1" ps-flag " flag bit to be made as 1 frame be psReq frame, this frame represents via node A
1request dormancy, so, sampling node A
0check buffer memory BUF, if buffer memory BUF is empty, sampling node A
0sending one " ps-flag ", to be set to 1 frame be that psACK frame is to via node A
1, via node A like this
1enter resting state;
Described via node operating procedure comprises the following steps:
When step 1. is initial, via node A
1in idle condition;
step 2. is at via node A
1internal memory in, variable X is set
1, X
2, Y
1, Y
2, at via node A
1receive from sampling node A
0first frame time, via node A
1the value of attribute eventOccurInterval corresponding with first event in this frame is taken out, and will it while assignment to variable X
1and Y
1; For the event after in this frame or follow-up receive from sampling node A
0other frame, via node A
1in the steps below all events in received frame are processed one by one:
；
The value of the attribute eventOccurInterval corresponding with these all events is taken out, and assignment is to variable X
1;
Calculate successively and assignment by following four formulas:
(1)
(2)
Wherein, arrow left
represent memory variable assignment;
αwith
βfor the constant of value in interval (0,1), and X
1, X
2, Y
1, Y
2unit of measurement be millisecond, formula (1) and formula (2) are respectively single exponential smoothing and double smoothing predictor formula;
If step 3. via node A
1receive from sampling node A
0a frame, it checks " lastPkt-flag " flag bit in this frame; If lastPkt-flag=0, so via node A
1continue to keep the state of intercepting, to receive from sampling node A
0all the other event informations; Otherwise i.e. lastPkt-flag=1, forwards step 4 to;
Step 4. via node A
1dormancy time length is set to Y
1, send a sleep request frame psReq to via node A
0; In psReq frame, " ps-flag " flag bit is set to 1, and deposits dormancy time length value Y in follow-up 4 bytes followed by " ps-flag " mark place byte
1, taking millisecond as unit;
Step 5. via node A
1keep idle condition; Via node A
1once receive from sampling node A
0agreement sleep frame be dormancy acknowledgement frame psACK, just entering resting state and dormancy time length is Y
1; In psACK frame, " ps-flag " mark is set to 1.
2. the wireless transducer network energy saving transmission method based on double smoothing prediction as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step 2 of described sampling node operating procedure, to the method for numbering serial of event be: first event be numbered 0, event is afterwards numbered last Case Number and adds 1, when numbering reaches 2
16time, numbering is taken as 0.
3. the wireless transducer network energy saving transmission method based on double smoothing prediction as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: reach after BufferSize at the element number of described buffer memory BUF, by the new tlv triple (NewID producing for the element of Case Number eventID minimum in BUF, NewInt, NewData) replace.
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| CN104703296A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-06-10 | 江苏物联网研究发展中心 | Link dormancy method for wireless communication multi-hop network link and tree topology structure |
| CN110019557A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-07-16 | 北京福田戴姆勒汽车有限公司 | The Case Number method and system of Engineering Change Management information system |
| CN109120463B (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2022-01-07 | 新华三大数据技术有限公司 | Flow prediction method and device |
| CN111970654B (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2023-03-24 | 成都慧简联信息科技有限公司 | Sensor node dynamic energy-saving sampling method based on data characteristics |
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| CN101039321A (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2007-09-19 | 南京邮电大学 | Mixed mobile agent-based wireless sensor network data transmission method |
| CN101119254A (en) * | 2007-08-20 | 2008-02-06 | 电子科技大学 | Overlayer design based wireless sensor network energy-saving method |
| CN101557408A (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2009-10-14 | 中国人民解放军信息工程大学 | Wireless sensor network active mode resting dispatching method |
| CN102438299A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2012-05-02 | 电子科技大学 | Energy saving method and dormancy decision making system for wireless sensor network |
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