CN108810842B - Wireless sensor network node and MAC protocol method for node - Google Patents
Wireless sensor network node and MAC protocol method for node Download PDFInfo
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- CN108810842B CN108810842B CN201810498938.9A CN201810498938A CN108810842B CN 108810842 B CN108810842 B CN 108810842B CN 201810498938 A CN201810498938 A CN 201810498938A CN 108810842 B CN108810842 B CN 108810842B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
- H04W52/0229—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
- H04W52/0232—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal according to average transmission signal activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless sensor network node and an MAC protocol method used for the node, the network node comprises a wireless sensor node main circuit, an energy receiving antenna, a matching circuit, a rectifying and amplifying circuit, an energy storage module and a wake-up signal processing circuit, a sending end and a receiving end have no data transmission requirement, the node main circuit is in a sleep mode, the wake-up signal processing circuit collects energy for storage, when the sending end and the receiving end have the data transmission requirement, the sending end sends a wake-up signal to the receiving end, if the electric quantity of the wake-up circuit is sufficient, the monitoring mode is entered, otherwise, the monitoring mode is exited, and the energy-saving target of the wireless sensor network is effectively achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless sensor network data transmission, and particularly relates to a wireless sensor network node and an MAC protocol method for the node.
Background
In recent years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widely used in multiple fields such as military, traffic, environmental monitoring, medical care and health, and smart home, based on the big background of internet of things (IoT). Due to the advantages of small shape, convenient arrangement, low cost and the like, the wireless sensor node is often used in some complex or dangerous environments. The wireless equipment is utilized to form a communication network in a self-organizing way, and the work of monitoring the surrounding environment and the like is completed.
However, the problem of insufficient energy of the wireless sensor device becomes an important factor limiting the development thereof. When the wireless sensor node is arranged in the environment, the capacity of the battery of the wireless sensor node is limited by the size of the node, and the cost for replacing the battery is very expensive due to factors such as the environment and the number of the nodes. Therefore, prolonging the life cycle of the wireless sensor is a key issue affecting the development of the wireless sensor network.
In a wireless sensor network, a Media Access Control (MAC) protocol is positioned at the bottom layer part of the wireless sensor network protocol, is mainly used for fairly and effectively sharing a communication medium among sensor nodes, has a great influence on the performance of the sensor network, and is one of key network protocols for ensuring the effective communication of the wireless sensor network. The limited energy of the wireless sensor network determines that the design of the protocol must use energy conservation as a main target, and then considers the expandability, delay, channel utilization rate, throughput rate, adaptability and the like of the protocol.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a wireless sensor network node and an MAC protocol method for the node.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wireless sensor network node comprises a wireless sensor node main circuit, an energy receiving antenna, a matching circuit, a rectifying and amplifying circuit, an energy storage module and a wake-up signal processing circuit;
the energy receiving antenna, the matching circuit, the rectifying and amplifying circuit, the energy storage module and the awakening signal processing circuit are sequentially connected, and the awakening signal processing circuit is connected with the wireless sensor node main circuit.
The wireless sensor node main circuit comprises a sensor, a main controller, a data transmission antenna and a wireless communication module, wherein the main controller is respectively connected with the awakening signal processing circuit and the wireless communication module, and the data transmission antenna is connected with the wireless communication module.
The energy storage module is composed of a super capacitor or a rechargeable battery.
The wake-up signal processing circuit comprises an envelope detector, an amplifier, a comparator, an MCU and an interrupt generator, wherein an inquiry instruction enters the MCU through the envelope detector, the amplifier and the comparator in sequence, and the MCU outputs a signal to the interrupt generator and further outputs an interrupt signal.
A MAC protocol method of a wireless sensor network node comprises the following steps:
s1 sets initial state: all nodes in the wireless sensor network receive radio frequency energy in the environment at any time, store the radio frequency energy in the energy storage module and supply power to the wake-up signal processing circuit, and the energy storage module of each node sets two thresholds v1 and v2, wherein v2> v1> 0; when the energy in the energy storage module exceeds the threshold v2, the wake-up circuit of the node can enter an interception mode and can receive wake-up signals transmitted from other nodes or terminals, and when the energy in the energy storage module is lower than the threshold v1, the wake-up circuit of the node exits the interception mode and stops working to reduce energy consumption, and at the moment, the wake-up signals cannot be received;
s2, when the sending end and the receiving end have data transmission requirement, the sending end sends wake-up signal to the receiving end;
s3, if the receiving end awakening circuit is in the interception mode, the awakening circuit receives an awakening signal transmitted by the transmitting end, the awakening circuit awakens the wireless sensor node main circuit, the wireless sensor node main circuit transmits a feedback message to the transmitting end, if the receiving end is communicating with other nodes or terminals, or the awakening circuit does not start the interception mode because the electric quantity is lower than a threshold value v1, the awakening signal transmitted by the transmitting end cannot be received, namely the receiving end cannot transmit the feedback message, the S4 is entered, otherwise, the S5 is entered;
s4 the sending end judges whether the data transmission is urgent, if not, the sending end enters a sleep mode with time t, and returns to the step S2 after timing awakening;
if the data transmission is judged to be urgent, the sending end judges whether an energy signal is sent to the receiving end before, if so, the energy shortage of the receiving end awakening circuit is eliminated, namely, the receiving end is in communication with other nodes or terminals at the moment, the sending end enters a sleep mode for t, and the step S2 is returned after timed awakening; if not, the sending end sends a section of energy signal e to the receiving end, so that the receiving end is charged quickly to start the monitoring mode to receive the wake-up signal, and then the step S2 is directly returned;
s5, if the sender receives the feedback information from the receiver, it knows that the receiver is awake, and starts data transmission.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an MAC protocol method for a wireless sensor network with a wireless power supply wake-up circuit, which can effectively reduce the energy consumption of a data transmission sending end and a receiving end node in the network, achieve a certain energy-saving effect and prolong the service life of the wireless sensor network.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the hardware architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a wake-up circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of the listening mode operation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a wireless sensor network node includes: the wireless sensor node comprises a wireless sensor node main circuit, an energy receiving antenna, a matching circuit, a rectifying and amplifying circuit, an energy storage module and a wake-up signal processing circuit;
the energy receiving antenna, the matching circuit, the rectifying and amplifying circuit, the energy storage module and the awakening signal processing circuit are sequentially connected, and the awakening signal processing circuit is connected with the wireless sensor node main circuit.
Under the condition of no data transmission, the main circuit of the node is in a sleep mode, the wake-up signal processing circuit can always collect the radio frequency energy in the environment for the self function, when the self energy of the wake-up signal circuit is sufficient and the wake-up information aiming at the node is received, the main circuit of the node can generate an interrupt signal to wake up the main circuit from the sleep mode, and then the work of data transmission and the like is finished. If the energy of the wake-up circuit is insufficient, the wake-up circuit cannot receive or process the wake-up information temporarily, and the node main circuit cannot be awakened temporarily.
The energy receiving antenna is responsible for collecting radio frequency energy in the environment, and the matching circuit is responsible for completing impedance matching of the energy receiving antenna and a subsequent circuit, so that energy reflection caused by impedance mismatching is reduced.
The rectification amplifying circuit rectifies and amplifies the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the energy receiving antenna so as to store the electromagnetic wave energy into the storage module and supply power to the wake-up signal processing circuit.
The wake-up signal processing circuit is used for waking up the sensor node main circuit according to a wake-up period or a query instruction, so that the sensor node main circuit is switched from a sleep state to a working state, and the work of data acquisition, data transmission, wireless communication and the like is completed.
The wireless sensor node main circuit comprises a sensor, a main controller, a data transmission antenna, a power supply and a wireless communication module, wherein the sensor is respectively connected with the main controller and the power supply, and the main controller is respectively connected with a wake-up signal processing circuit and the wireless communication module.
As shown in fig. 2, the wake-up signal processing circuit includes an envelope detector, an amplifier, a comparator, an ultra-low power consumption MCU and an interrupt generator, the ultra-low power consumption MCU is connected to the interrupt generator and the comparator, the amplifier and the envelope detector are connected in sequence.
As shown in fig. 3, the MAC protocol method of the wireless sensor network includes the following steps:
s1 sets initial state: all nodes in the wireless sensor network receive radio frequency energy in the environment at any time, store the radio frequency energy in the energy storage module and supply power to the wake-up signal processing circuit, and the energy storage module of each node sets two thresholds v1 and v2, wherein v2> v1> 0; when the energy in the energy storage module exceeds the threshold v2, the wake-up circuit of the node can enter an interception mode and can receive wake-up signals transmitted from other nodes or terminals, and when the energy in the energy storage module is lower than the threshold v1, the wake-up circuit of the node exits the interception mode and stops working to reduce energy consumption, and at the moment, the wake-up signals cannot be received;
s2, when the sending end and the receiving end have data transmission requirement, the sending end sends wake-up signal to the receiving end;
s3, if the receiving end awakening circuit is in the interception mode, the awakening circuit receives an awakening signal transmitted by the transmitting end, the awakening circuit awakens the wireless sensor node main circuit, the wireless sensor node main circuit transmits a feedback message to the transmitting end, if the receiving end is communicating with other nodes or terminals, or the awakening circuit does not start the interception mode because the electric quantity is lower than a threshold value v1, the awakening signal transmitted by the transmitting end cannot be received, namely the receiving end cannot transmit the feedback message, the S4 is entered, otherwise, the S5 is entered;
s4 the sending end judges whether the data transmission is urgent, if not, the sending end enters a sleep mode with time t, and returns to the step S2 after timing awakening;
if the data transmission is judged to be urgent, the sending end judges whether an energy signal is sent to the receiving end before, if so, the energy shortage of the receiving end awakening circuit is eliminated, namely, the receiving end is in communication with other nodes or terminals at the moment, the sending end enters a sleep mode for t, and the step S2 is returned after timed awakening; if not, the sending end sends a segment of energy signal e to the receiving end, so that the receiving end is charged quickly to start the listening mode to receive the wake-up signal, and then the step S2 is directly returned.
S5, if the sender receives the feedback information from the receiver, it knows that the receiver is awake, and starts data transmission.
As shown in fig. 4, when a node of the wireless sensor network with the wireless power wake-up circuit is in the listening mode, the work flow of the node is as follows:
(1) initial state: the node receives the radio frequency energy in the environment at any time, stores the radio frequency energy in the energy storage module and supplies power to the wake-up circuit. And in the listening mode, the wake-up circuit module of the node can receive all wake-up signals from the outside.
(2) When a node receives a wake-up signal, the node transmits the wake-up signal to a wake-up signal processing module, judges whether a target node of the wake-up signal is the node, if not, ignores the wake-up signal and continues to keep a monitoring mode; if yes, an interrupt signal is generated and passes through the main circuit to wake up the main controller.
(3) And after the main circuit enters a working mode, the main circuit sends feedback information to the sending end, establishes communication with the sending end and completes data transmission. The wake-up circuit will suspend the listening mode during this process.
(4) After data transmission is completed, the node judges whether the electric quantity of the energy storage module in the wake-up circuit reaches a threshold value v2, if so, the interception mode is started again, and if not, the interception mode is not started until the electric quantity of the energy storage module reaches a threshold value v 2.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A wireless sensor network node is characterized by comprising a wireless sensor node main circuit, an energy receiving antenna, a matching circuit, a rectifying and amplifying circuit, an energy storage module and a wake-up signal processing circuit;
the energy receiving antenna, the matching circuit, the rectifying and amplifying circuit, the energy storage module and the wake-up signal processing circuit are sequentially connected, and the wake-up signal processing circuit is connected with the wireless sensor node main circuit;
the MAC protocol method of the wireless sensor network node comprises the following steps:
s1 sets initial state: all nodes in the wireless sensor network receive radio frequency energy in the environment at any time, store the radio frequency energy in the energy storage module and supply power to the wake-up signal processing circuit, and the energy storage module of each node sets two thresholds v1 and v2, wherein v2> v1> 0; when the energy in the energy storage module exceeds the threshold v2, the wake-up circuit of the node can enter an interception mode and can receive wake-up signals transmitted from other nodes or terminals, and when the energy in the energy storage module is lower than the threshold v1, the wake-up circuit of the node exits the interception mode and stops working to reduce energy consumption, and at the moment, the wake-up signals cannot be received;
s2, when the sending end and the receiving end have data transmission requirement, the sending end sends wake-up signal to the receiving end;
s3, if the receiving end awakening circuit is in the interception mode, the awakening circuit receives an awakening signal transmitted by the transmitting end, the awakening circuit awakens the wireless sensor node main circuit, the wireless sensor node main circuit transmits a feedback message to the transmitting end, if the receiving end is communicating with other nodes or terminals, or the awakening circuit does not start the interception mode because the electric quantity is lower than a threshold value v1, the awakening signal transmitted by the transmitting end cannot be received, namely the receiving end cannot transmit the feedback message, the S4 is entered, otherwise, the S5 is entered;
s4 the sending end judges whether the data transmission is urgent, if not, the sending end enters a sleep mode with time t, and returns to the step S2 after timing awakening;
if the data transmission is judged to be urgent, the sending end judges whether an energy signal is sent to the receiving end before, if so, the energy shortage of the receiving end awakening circuit is eliminated, namely, the receiving end is in communication with other nodes or terminals at the moment, the sending end enters a sleep mode for t, and the step S2 is returned after timed awakening; if not, the sending end sends a section of energy signal e to the receiving end, so that the receiving end is charged quickly to start the monitoring mode to receive the wake-up signal, and then the step S2 is directly returned;
s5, if the sender receives the feedback information from the receiver, it knows that the receiver is awake, and starts data transmission.
2. The wireless sensor network node of claim 1, wherein the wireless sensor node main circuit comprises a sensor, a main controller, a data transmission antenna and a wireless communication module, the main controller is respectively connected with the wake-up signal processing circuit and the wireless communication module, and the data transmission antenna is connected with the wireless communication module.
3. The wireless sensor network node of claim 1, wherein the energy storage module is comprised of a super capacitor or a rechargeable battery.
4. The wireless sensor network node of claim 1, wherein the wake-up signal processing circuit comprises an envelope detector, an amplifier, a comparator, an MCU and an interrupt generator, wherein the query command enters the MCU through the envelope detector, the amplifier and the comparator in sequence, and the MCU outputs a signal to the interrupt generator and further outputs an interrupt signal.
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| CN109774743A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-05-21 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of the operation data acquiring and transmission system and data acquisition and transmission method of track train |
| CN112271832A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-26 | 北京智芯微电子科技有限公司 | Power supply device, power equipment sensor and power system |
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