CN102759487B - Partial stiffness method based composite material non-destructive detection system and detection method - Google Patents
Partial stiffness method based composite material non-destructive detection system and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102759487B CN102759487B CN201210234912.6A CN201210234912A CN102759487B CN 102759487 B CN102759487 B CN 102759487B CN 201210234912 A CN201210234912 A CN 201210234912A CN 102759487 B CN102759487 B CN 102759487B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a partial stiffness method based composite material non-destructive detection system and detection method. According to the invention, a partial stiffness method and a technique capable of rapidly acquiring the partial stiffness information of samples to be tested are adopted, the stiffness information of the samples is calculated through tested contact resonance parameters, a stiffness configuration image is formed, and further the material stiffness and health state are evaluated; and from the stiffness detection of the samples to be tested, the internal mechanics information of a structure is characterized through the stiffness information of the samples to be tested. Therefore, the detection method is especially suitable for detection of thin plates of composite materials, and is a brand new non-destructive detection method, wherein the thicknesses of the thin plates are below 5mm. According to the invention, under the premise that the performances and the structure integrity of the materials are not influenced, the testing of stiffness information of the samples to be tested is completed, thus defects and destructive distribution of the structure are estimated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of non destructive testing, be specifically related to a kind of NDT of composite system and detection method thereof based on local stiffness method.
Background technology
Compound substance has that specific strength is high, specific stiffness is high and the advantage such as designability, at numerous industrial circles, obtains application more and more widely.But can there is serious anisotropy in compound substance material, and obvious to acoustic attenuation effect; The defect kind of compound substance is more, and more common defect has crackle, layering, fracture, laying fold etc., and therefore traditional method has been difficult to the Non-Destructive Testing task to compound substance.The detection techniques such as the ultrasonic or microwave of some detection method Main Basiss that Non-Destructive Testing circle proposes for the Non-Destructive Testing of composite structure, composite structure is through development for many years, structure becomes increasingly complex, thickness is also more and more thinner, and ultrasonic technique has run into serious difficulty in thin-slab construction.In order to complete the Non-Destructive Testing task to composite structure, need to develop a set of system that is applicable to the Non-Destructive Testing of thin plate.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve traditional lossless detection method, be difficult to the problem to composite thin plate structure detection, set up a kind of NDT of composite system and detection method thereof based on local stiffness method, for completing the Non-Destructive Testing to composite thin plate structure.
One object of the present invention is to propose a kind of NDT of composite system based on local stiffness method.
NDT of composite system of the present invention comprises: piezoelectric beam, signal generator, transfer table, strainmeter, motion control card, data collecting card and computing machine; Wherein, signal generator is connected to piezoelectric beam by data line; One end of piezoelectric beam is free end, and the other end is fixed on transfer table; Transfer table is connected with motion control card by data line; Motion control card is connected to computing machine by data line; Piezoelectric beam is connected to strainmeter by data line; Strainmeter is connected to data collecting card by data line; Capture card is connected to computing machine by data line.
Further, piezoelectric beam comprises semi-girder, probe and foil gauge; Wherein one end of semi-girder is free end, is provided with probe; The other end is fixed on transfer table; Upper surface at semi-girder is pasted foil gauge.Probe is cone or cylinder; The head of probe is spherical or plane; And be arranged on free end perpendicular to semi-girder.Semi-girder adopts piezoelectric, can accept electric signal and excited vibration occurs, probe can contact and not damage sample with sample, the strain of foil gauge perception piezoelectric beam and then obtain the contact resonance information of piezoelectric beam, strain measurement to resonance information exchange cross data line and transfer to strainmeter.The electric signal control piezoelectric beam that signal generator sends alternation carries out stable state resonance, and the foil gauge being positioned on piezoelectric beam gathers resonance signal, and strain signal, by strain signal is measured, just can obtain the tuning curve of vibration of piezoelectric beam.
Transfer table is piezoelectric beam to carry out three-dimensional mobile fixedly, and then completes the detection to the target area of testing sample.
The present invention adopts contact harmonic technology to complete the contact detection for the treatment of geodesic structure to compound substance.The surface of piezoelectric beam and testing sample comes in contact, the electric signal control piezoelectric beam that signal generator sends alternation carries out stable state resonance, by transfer table, move piezoelectric beam and scan testing sample, thereby the resonance information of measuring testing sample, comprises the parameters such as contact resonance frequency f, resonance amplitude A and resonance quality factor q.By calculating, can obtain the mechanical relationship between resonant parameter (f, A and Q) and measuring point rigidity, and then just can complete the quantitative calculating to testing sample surface rigidity.Data collecting card records measurement data, and signal is carried out to digital imaging processing, thereby obtains characterizing the Stiffness Distribution figure of the rigidity information of testing sample.After obtaining Stiffness Distribution figure, by contrasting the rigidity of structure distribution plan of known sample, find out the two the similarities and differences, can judge testing sample and whether have defect, or whether destroy.Known equally, system of the present invention also can be surveyed and rigidity imaging for unknown structure being carried out to rigidity.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Nondestructive Testing Techniques For Composite Materials based on local stiffness method.
Nondestructive Testing Techniques For Composite Materials of the present invention comprises:
1) determine the territory, scan test section to sample, and computer settings sweep parameter;
2) according to the sweep parameter setting, motion control card control operating mobile station, the probe of piezoelectric beam contacts with the appointment measuring point of scanning area, and data collecting card records the position coordinates at contact point place;
3) electric signal that signal generator sends alternation, as accumulation signal, comes in contact resonance between probe and sample under exciting, and piezoelectric beam carries out stable state resonance;
4) strainmeter reads the vibration signal that foil gauge transmits, data collecting card storage strain signal;
5) computing machine is processed strain signal, and calculates the rigidity value of institute's measuring point;
6) transfer table moves to next measuring point according to the scanning sequence of setting, and next measuring point is measured;
7) repeating step 2) to 6), complete to surveyed area measurement a little;
8) primary control program is controlled data processor and is formed Stiffness Distribution figure;
9) analyzing and processing Stiffness Distribution figure, completes the detection assessment to testing sample.
The present invention adopts local stiffness method, local stiffness method is a kind of technology of local stiffness information of quick obtaining testing sample, use contact Detection Techniques to obtain the parameter of the local stiffness of contact point, by testing sample being carried out to the contact of a plurality of points, survey, and then obtain the Stiffness Distribution of detected materials, by Stiffness Distribution, determine whether structure exists defect or destroy.Method of the present invention can also, by quantitatively calculating, obtain the information such as contact stiffness, elastic properties of materials parameter, structural thickness.Method of the present invention can not affect under the performance of material and the prerequisite of structural intergrity, completes the measurement to the rigidity information of thin plate (thickness 5mm is following), and the defect of structure and damage distribution are made to assessment, is a new research direction.
Advantage of the present invention:
The present invention, by the contact resonant parameter recording, calculates the rigidity information of sample, forms Stiffness Distribution image, and then the rigidity of material and health status are made to evaluation.From the rigidity of testing sample, survey and start with, characterize the inside mechanical information of structure by the rigidity information of testing sample, be particularly useful for the detection of the thin plate of compound substance, gauge of sheet, below 5mm, is a kind of brand-new lossless detection method.The present invention is not affecting under the performance of material and the prerequisite of structural intergrity, completes the measurement to the rigidity information of testing sample, thereby the defect of structure and damage distribution are made to assessment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of NDT of composite system based on local stiffness method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of piezoelectric beam of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is for contacting the contact frequency response curve figure of resonance test to testing sample;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of normal compound substance Turbogrid plates;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the compound substance Turbogrid plates that come off of grid;
Fig. 6 is the Stiffness Distribution figure of normal compound substance Turbogrid plates;
Fig. 7 is the Stiffness Distribution figure of the compound substance Turbogrid plates that come off of grid;
Fig. 8 is piezoelectric beam contacts resonance mechanical model figure with testing sample;
Fig. 9 is the process flow diagram of a kind of Nondestructive Testing Techniques For Composite Materials based on local stiffness method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, NDT of composite system of the present invention comprises: signal generator 1, piezoelectric beam 2, transfer table 3, strainmeter 4, motion control card 5, data collecting card 6 and computing machine 7; Wherein, signal generator 1 is connected to piezoelectric beam 2 by data line; One end of piezoelectric beam 2 is free end, and the other end is fixed on transfer table 3; Transfer table 3 is connected with motion control card 5 by data line; Motion control card 5 is connected to computing machine 7 by data line; Piezoelectric beam 2 is connected to strainmeter 4 by data line; Strainmeter 4 is connected to data collecting card 6 by data line; Capture card 6 is connected to computing machine 7 by data line.
As shown in Figure 2, piezoelectric beam 2 comprises semi-girder 21, probe 22 and foil gauge 23; Wherein one end of semi-girder 21 is free end, is provided with probe 22; The other end is fixed on transfer table 3; Upper surface at semi-girder 21 is pasted foil gauge 23.Probe 2 is cone, and its head is spherical, and is arranged on free end perpendicular to semi-girder 21.
The present invention is by theoretical analysis and calculating, set up the mechanics resonance model of piezoelectric beam-sample contact system, as shown in Figure 8, contacting between piezoelectric beam and sample adopts Kelvin unit to simulate, and thinks when contact on beam that the vibration of each point is stable state resonance here.From vibration mechanics correlation theory, the resonance characteristic of piezoelectric beam and its border holding state are in close relations, to above-mentioned mechanical model, be further analyzed known, this model left end is clamped, right-hand member is resiliency supported, the mechanical condition of clamped end cannot change, but the mechanical condition of resiliency supported end is easy to variation, the resiliency supported border that therefore border of the resonance characteristic of energy appreciable impact piezoelectric beam is right-hand member.Further analyze the residing actual boundary of this beam elastic tip and support knownly, mechanical characteristic determines by the stiffness characteristics of the testing sample of contact point completely, and the rigidity of testing sample has determined the boundary condition of piezoelectric beam.Because piezoelectric beam border support performance is obvious on the resonance characteristic impact of beam, therefore can think: treat the rigidity of geodesic structure on the resonance characteristic impact of beam obviously, therefore can obtain by obtaining the resonance characteristic of piezoelectric beam the stiffness characteristics of testing sample.
By calculating, can obtain the mechanical relationship between resonant parameter (f, A and Q) and measuring point rigidity, and then just can complete the quantitative calculating to the surperficial rigidity of testing sample, obviously, the stiffness difference between measuring point can cause the measured contact frequency response curve of each measuring point to form difference.Fig. 3, for testing sample being contacted to the contact frequency response curve figure of resonance test, for two measuring point a and measuring point b that rigidity is different, contacts respectively resonance test.By strain signal is processed, we obtain two different contact frequency response curves, and frequency response curve a is corresponding to measuring point a, and frequency response curve b is corresponding to measuring point b.As shown in Figure 3, resonant parameter at the resulting contact tuning curve of measuring point has following difference: the resonance frequency value that curve a is corresponding will be lower than the corresponding resonance frequency value of curve b, and the quality factor of peak swing value corresponding to curve a and curve is greater than peak swing value that curve b is corresponding and the quality factor of curve, the rigidity that therefore obtains measuring point a is greater than the rigidity of measuring point b.
By theoretical analysis and calculation, can obtain sample rigidity and the contact rule of contact between resonant parameter is: larger rigidity is corresponding to high resonant frequency, low resonant amplitude and low quality factor.Further theoretical analysis can access the quantitative analytical expression of above-mentioned rule, can pass through like this to measure resonant parameter, and then the rigidity of calculation sample.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of normal compound substance Turbogrid plates, Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the compound substance Turbogrid plates that come off of grid, the detection method of using the present invention to propose, by rigidity detection is carried out in this region, just can obtain Stiffness Distribution figure, Fig. 6 is normal compound substance Turbogrid plates structure detection Stiffness Distribution figure, and Fig. 7 is the grid compound substance Turbogrid plates structure detection Stiffness Distribution figure that comes off.Testing result figure is used the depth to characterize, dark region is the larger region of rigidity, light color or white portion are rigidity compared with zonule, the difference of comparison diagram 6 and Fig. 7 is known, abnormal white space in the middle of Fig. 7 causes because grid comes off, and by analyzing Stiffness Distribution figure, can judge that structure destroys.
After obtaining Stiffness Distribution figure, by contrasting the rigidity of structure distributed intelligence of known sample, find out the two the similarities and differences, can judge testing sample and whether have defect, or whether destroy.Known equally, this system also can be surveyed and rigidity imaging for unknown structure being carried out to rigidity.
Here enumerate a typical practical measuring examples and illustrate principle of the present invention.In composite structure, the thin-slab construction of strengthening with grid is the composite structure of commonly using, but in lattice structure, strengthen sheet material fracture or unsticking more easily occur, traditional detection method has been difficult to the detection to this defect, and the method that just can use the present invention to propose here detects.
Nondestructive Testing Techniques For Composite Materials of the present invention, comprises the following steps as shown in Figure 9:
1) determine the territory, scan test section to sample, and computer settings sweep parameter, as scanning resolution, speed, sampling rate, contact force, accumulation signal intensity and the information such as resonant parameter of surveying;
2) according to the sweep parameter setting, the motion control card of transfer table passed to steering order by computing machine, motion control card control operating mobile station, the probe of piezoelectric beam contacts with the appointment measuring point of scanning area, and data collecting card records the position coordinates at contact point place;
3) electric signal that signal generator sends alternation is as accumulation signal, and power amplifier amplifies this signal, and the signal after amplification exports piezoelectric beam to, under exciting, between probe and testing sample, comes in contact resonance, and piezoelectric beam is done stable state resonance;
4) strainmeter reads the vibration signal that foil gauge transmits, data collecting card storage strain signal;
5) computing machine is processed strain signal, and calculates the rigidity value of institute's measuring point;
6) transfer table moves to next measuring point according to the scanning sequence of setting, and next measuring point is measured;
7) repeating step 2) to 6), complete to surveyed area measurement a little;
8) primary control program is controlled data processor and is formed Stiffness Distribution figure;
9) analyzing and processing Stiffness Distribution image, completes the detection assessment to testing sample.
Finally it should be noted that publicizing and implementing routine object is to help further to understand the present invention, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that: without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, various substitutions and modifications are all possible.Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to the disclosed content of embodiment, and the scope that the scope of protection of present invention defines with claims is as the criterion.
Claims (6)
1. a NDT of composite system, it is characterized in that, described detection system comprises: signal generator (1), piezoelectric beam (2), transfer table (3), strainmeter (4), motion control card (5), data collecting card (6) and computing machine (7); Wherein, signal generator (1) is connected to piezoelectric beam (2) by data line; One end of piezoelectric beam (2) is free end, and the other end is fixed on transfer table (3); Transfer table (3) is connected with motion control card (5) by data line; Motion control card (5) is connected to computing machine (7) by data line; Piezoelectric beam (2) is connected to strainmeter (4) by data line; Strainmeter (4) is connected to data collecting card (6) by data line; Capture card (6) is connected to computing machine (7) by data line; Described piezoelectric beam (2) comprises semi-girder (21), probe (22) and foil gauge (23); Wherein one end of semi-girder (21) is free end, is provided with probe (22); The other end is fixed on transfer table (3); Upper surface at semi-girder (21) is pasted foil gauge (23).
2. detection system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described probe (22) is cone or cylinder.
3. detection system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the head of described probe (22) is spherical or plane.
4. detection system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described semi-girder (21) adopts piezoelectric.
5. a Nondestructive Testing Techniques For Composite Materials, is characterized in that, described detection method comprises:
1) determine the territory, scan test section to sample, and computer settings sweep parameter;
2) according to the sweep parameter setting, motion control card control operating mobile station, the probe of piezoelectric beam contacts with the appointment measuring point of scanning area, and data collecting card records the position coordinates at contact point place;
3) electric signal that signal generator sends alternation, as accumulation signal, comes in contact resonance between probe and sample under exciting, and piezoelectric beam is done stable state resonance;
4) strainmeter reads the vibration signal that foil gauge transmits, data collecting card storage strain signal;
5) computing machine is processed strain signal, and calculates the rigidity value of institute's measuring point;
6) transfer table moves to next measuring point according to the scanning sequence of setting, and next measuring point is measured;
7) repeating step 2) to 6), complete to surveyed area measurement a little;
8) primary control program is controlled data processor and is formed Stiffness Distribution figure;
9) analyzing and processing Stiffness Distribution figure, completes the detection assessment to testing sample.
6. detection method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, in step 1), described sweep parameter comprises scanning resolution, speed, sampling rate, contact force, accumulation signal intensity and the resonant parameter information of surveying.
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| CN104122331B (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-08-17 | 北京大学 | A kind of nondestructive detection system based on piezo disc contact vibration and detection method thereof |
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| CN104897353A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-09 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Member damage detection method |
| CN105784238B (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2018-06-08 | 北京大学 | A kind of measuring method and its system of material surface residual stress |
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| CN107643040A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2018-01-30 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | A kind of initial geometrical defect detection method of Material Stiffened Panel axial compression test part |
| CN110082432B (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2022-01-14 | 北京工业大学 | Ultrasonic resonance quantitative nondestructive detection method for plate structure defects based on uniform design |
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