CN102752995A - Broadband wave-absorbing metamaterial - Google Patents
Broadband wave-absorbing metamaterial Download PDFInfo
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- CN102752995A CN102752995A CN2011100992925A CN201110099292A CN102752995A CN 102752995 A CN102752995 A CN 102752995A CN 2011100992925 A CN2011100992925 A CN 2011100992925A CN 201110099292 A CN201110099292 A CN 201110099292A CN 102752995 A CN102752995 A CN 102752995A
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- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
- H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
- H05K9/0088—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising a plurality of shielding layers; combining different shielding material structure
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to a broadband wave-absorbing metamaterial. The metamaterial is formed by stacking a plurality of uniform-impedance metamaterial sheets along the direction perpendicular to the surfaces of the sheets, wherein the effective dielectric constant epsilon of each sheet is equal to the effective permeability mu, each sheet comprises a platy substrate and a plurality of artificial microstructures attached to the substrate; and when electromagnetic waves penetrate through the metamaterial, electromagnetic resonance is generated between the artificial microstructures attached to different sheets and electromagnetic waves of different frequency ranges. According to reasonable design of the artificial microstructures, the electromagnetic waves of different frequency ranges can be absorbed by different metamaterial sheets, and the impedance matching characteristics are met. The wave-absorbing metamaterial has the advantages of light weight, small thickness, wide wave-absorbing frequency band and high absorption rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultra field of materials, relate in particular to the ultra material of a kind of wide-band and wave-absorbing.
Background technology
Along with development of modern science and technology, electromagenetic wave radiation increases the influence of environment day by day.On the airport, airplane flight can't take off overdue because of Electromagnetic Interference; In hospital, mobile phone regular meeting disturbs the operate as normal of various electronic instrument for diagnosing and curing diseases devices.Therefore, administer electromagnetic pollution, seek a kind of material---the absorbing material that can keep out and weaken electromagenetic wave radiation, become a big problem of material science.
Research at present has ferrite wave-absorbing material, metal fine powder absorbing material, nano wave-absorbing material, polycrystalline iron fiber absorbing material, conduction high polymer absorbing material, plasma-type absorbing material and optical clear absorbing material etc. with the many absorbing materials of application.The scope of various its application of material is different, and the band limits of its covering is difference to some extent also.But also there is not a kind of absorbing material can satisfy conditions such as in light weight, thin thickness, absorption band are wide, absorptivity height preferably.
Summary of the invention
Embodiment of the invention technical problem to be solved is, provides a kind of wide-band and wave-absorbing ultra material, and its thin thickness, absorption band is wide, absorptivity is higher.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above; Provide a kind of wide-band and wave-absorbing ultra material; Said ultra material is formed and the effective dielectric constant ε of said same lamella equates with equivalent permeability μ along piling up perpendicular to said sheet surfaces direction by the ultra uniformly sheet of material of a plurality of impedances; Each lamella comprises the substrate of sheet and attached to a plurality of artificial micro-structural on the said substrate, the electromagnetic wave generation electromagentic resonance of the electromagnetic wave artificial micro-structural that different lamellas are adhered to during through this ultra material and different frequency range.
Further, each said artificial micro-structural is planar structure or the stereochemical structure of being made up of at least one one metal wire.
Further, said wire is copper wire or filamentary silver.
Further, said metal wire through etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method attached on the plate shape substrates.
Further, said substrate is made by macromolecular material, ceramic material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
Further, said artificial micro-structural has the topological structure to electric field response.
Further, said artificial micro-structural is " worker " font, " ten " font or " H " shape.
Further, the said artificial micro-structural derived structure that is " worker " font, the derived structure of " ten " font.
Further, said artificial micro-structural has the topological structure to magnetic responsiveness.
Further, said artificial micro-structural is the annular that has the polygon of breach or have breach.
Technique scheme has following beneficial effect at least: the ultra material of wide-band and wave-absorbing of the present invention is piled up by the ultra uniformly sheet of material of a plurality of impedances and forms and the effective dielectric constant ε of each lamella equates with equivalent permeability μ; Each lamella comprises the substrate of sheet and attached to a plurality of artificial micro-structural on the substrate, and the artificial micro-structural that electromagnetic wave should the difference lamella during through this ultra material be adhered to and the electromagnetic wave of different frequency range produce electromagentic resonance.Can make different ultra sheet of material absorb the electromagnetic wave of different frequency range and satisfy impedance matching property through appropriate design to artificial micro-structural.The ultra material weight of suction ripple of the present invention is light, thin thickness, absorption band is wide and absorptivity is higher.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the ultra material of wide-band and wave-absorbing of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the front view of the ultra material of wide-band and wave-absorbing shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is the end view of the ultra material of wide-band and wave-absorbing shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 4 is the A-A cutaway view of the ultra material of wide-band and wave-absorbing shown in Figure 3.
Fig. 5 is the sketch map of first embodiment that derives of the artificial micro-structural of " worker " font of adopting of ultra material of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the sketch map of second embodiment that derives of this artificial micro-structural shown in Figure 5.
Fig. 7 is the sketch map of the 3rd embodiment of the artificial micro-structural that adopts of ultra material of the present invention.
Embodiment
Absorbing material is meant to be absorbed into and is mapped to its surperficial electromagnetic wave energy, and makes electromagnetic wave energy be converted into the material of heat energy or other forms of energy through the dielectric loss of material.The basic design philosophy of absorbing material is: when electromagnetic wave incided on the absorbing material, it can not reflect as far as possible and gets into material internal to greatest extent, promptly requires absorbing material to satisfy impedance matching property; The electromagnetism wave energy that gets in the material promptly attenuates because of dielectric loss, promptly requires absorbing material to satisfy the decay matching properties.Wherein because there is loss in absorbing material, so relative dielectric constant ε=ε '-j ε ", relative permeability μ=μ '-j μ ", the available electrical loss factor t an δ of loss size
e=ε "/ε ' and magnetic loss factor tan δ
m=μ "/μ ' characterizes.Not only satisfy impedance matching property but also satisfy the target that big as far as possible attenuation characteristic is all kinds of absorbing materials pursuits.
Research at present has ferrite wave-absorbing material, metal fine powder absorbing material, nano wave-absorbing material, polycrystalline iron fiber absorbing material, conduction high polymer absorbing material, plasma-type absorbing material and optical clear absorbing material etc. with the many absorbing materials of application.The scope of various its application of material is different, and the band limits of its covering is difference to some extent also.But conditions such as that existing absorbing material can not satisfy is in light weight, thin thickness, absorption band are wide, impedance matching.
Ultra material is made up of the ultra sheet of material 3 of at least one very thin thickness, and each ultra sheet of material 3 comprises that substrate 1 and a plurality of arrays are arranged on the artificial micro-structural 2 that the wire by having certain figure on the substrate 1 constitutes.Ultra material is a kind ofly to be elementary cell and to carry out spatial arrangement, have the new material of special electromagnetic response with ad hoc fashion with artificial micro-structural 2.Each artificial micro-structural 2 with and appended substrate 1 shared part be a cell.Substrate 1 can be any and artificial micro-structural 2 material different, and the stack of these two kinds of materials makes each cell produce an effective dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, these two physical parameters the are corresponding respectively electric field response and the magnetic responsiveness of cell.Ultra material is that characteristic by artificial micro-structural 2 determines to the characteristic of electromagnetic response, and topological characteristic and its physical dimension that the electromagnetic response of artificial micro-structural 2 depends on its figure wiry to a great extent and had.
When electromagnetic wave passed through the interface of different medium, the partial reflection phenomenon can take place.So when desirable absorbing material will reach perfect impedance matching, need to create special boundary condition and make incident electromagnetic wave inner thereby get into medium as much as possible from the surface at the amplitude reflectance ρ minimum (ideal situation ρ=0) on material medium surface.The simplest situation is that electromagnetic wave vertically is mapped to dielectric surface from free space, at this moment:
ρ＝(η-η
0)/(η+η
0)；
ρ representes the amplitude reflectance of electromagnetic wave at dielectric surface in the formula; η representes the relative person's character impedance of medium; η
0The relative person's character impedance of expression free space desires to make ρ=0, then η=η
0Because:
η
0＝(μ
0/ε
0)
1/2，η＝(μ/ε)
1/2；
μ in the formula
0And ε
0Represent the relative permeability and the relative dielectric constant of free space respectively, be 1; μ and ε represent the relative permeability and the relative dielectric constant of medium respectively.So can get ε=μ.
It is thus clear that, make the direct projection electromagnetic wave get into the medium impedance fully and mate fully, the relative permeability of medium and relative dielectric constant will equate.In fact the medium that does not also have this electromagnetic parameter, dielectric constant and magnetic permeability that can only be through the adjustment medium be to reach approximate match.According to the figure and the physical dimension of each artificial micro-structural 2 of arranging in the ultra material space of above-mentioned principle design, just can the electromagnetic parameter of every bit in the ultra material be provided with, and then realize the impedance matching between ultra material and incident medium.Further; In order to solve the narrow problem of absorbing material absorption band; Absorbing material of the present invention is stacked a plurality of ultra sheet of material 3 with different absorption frequency ranges, thereby has widened the absorption band of absorbing material through the electromagnetic wave that the ultra sheet of material 3 of multilayer absorbs different frequency ranges.
Make ultra material maximum energy loss arranged in order to reach the size that good absorbing property also need continue to adjust artificial micro-structural 2 to incident electromagnetic wave.Energy loss mainly is through electrical loss factor t an δ
eWith magnetic loss factor tan δ
mCharacterize, the main fissipation factor that the substrate of different materials 1 is corresponding different, for example ferroelectric material be mainly the electrical loss factor, ferromagnetic material be mainly the magnetic loss factor ferrite material then both.When the frequency range of incident electromagnetic wave equals the resonance band of artificial micro-structural 2 self, artificial micro-structural 2 will produce strong covibration and make the imaginary part ε of relative dielectric constant of ultra material " increase, thus the electrical loss factor t an δ with maximum
e=ε "/ε ', so the frequency range of the resonance band of the artificial micro-structural 2 of being adhered to when ultra sheet of material 3 and incident electromagnetic wave has best wave-absorbing effect when identical.The artificial micro-structural 2 that should make each ultra sheet of material 3 adhered to when therefore desirable absorbing material will reach perfect decay coupling has different resonance band, and the shape and size of the artificial micro-structural 2 through designing each ultra sheet of material 3 make its resonance band corresponding with each frequency range of incident electromagnetic wave.Be appreciated that; The size of adjusting artificial micro-structural 2 with satisfy ultra material relative dielectric constant ε and relative permeability μ about equally and the process of improving substrate 1 attenuation characteristic be mutual, be not to have adjusted a condition to adjust second condition later on more on the original basis.
But the ultra material that satisfies above-mentioned condition has a variety of implementations.Fig. 1～Fig. 4 is structural representation, front view, end view and the A-A cutaway view of first embodiment of the ultra material of wide-band and wave-absorbing of the present invention.The ultra material of wide-band and wave-absorbing in the present embodiment is formed along piling up perpendicular to the sheet surfaces direction by the ultra uniformly sheet of material of a plurality of impedances 3, and figure that can be through adjusting the artificial micro-structural 2 that each ultra sheet of material 3 adhered to and the effective dielectric constant ε that physical dimension makes each ultra sheet of material 3 equate with equivalent permeability μ and then satisfy impedance matching property.The resonance frequency of the artificial micro-structural 2 of further being adhered to according to each ultra sheet of material 3 of frequency band design of incident electromagnetic wave; Make the artificial micro-structural 2 of electromagnetic wave and different ultra sheet of material 3 of each frequency band of incident produce electromagentic resonances; Inject the electromagnetic wave of inhaling the ultra material of ripple this moment and absorbed, realized perfectly wave-absorbing effect by different ultra sheet of material 3.
The artificial micro-structural 2 that each ultra sheet of material 3 of the ultra material of suction ripple in the present embodiment as shown in Figure 4 is attached with different graphic and physical dimension absorbs with the electromagnetic wave of realization to the different frequency section.During practical implementation, artificial micro-structural 2 is made up of wires such as at least one copper wire or filamentary silvers, has special pattern.Metal wire through etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion quarter etc. several different methods attached on the substrate 1.Wherein etching is more excellent manufacturing process; Its step is behind the plane pattern that designs suitable artificial micro-structural; Earlier with a tinsel integrally attached on the substrate 1; Through etching machines, utilize the chemical reaction of solvent and metal to get rid of the paillon foil part beyond the artificial micro-structural predetermined pattern, the remaining artificial micro-structural that can obtain array arrangement then.Substrate 1 is made by macromolecular material, ceramic material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material, and wherein macromolecular material can adopt polytetrafluoroethylene, Fr4 or F4b etc.
Artificial micro-structural 2 can adopt the topological structure that has electric field response; As: " worker " font, " ten " font or " H " shape with and derived structure; Embodiment illustrated in fig. 5 is the deriving of artificial micro-structural 2 of " worker " font; Its artificial micro-structural 2 not only comprises first wire 201 and second wire 202 of formation " worker " font, also comprises being connected to second wire, 202 two ends and perpendicular to the 3rd wire 203 of second wire 202.
Embodiment illustrated in fig. 6 then is further the deriving of artificial micro-structural 2 of Fig. 5, and its artificial micro-structural 2 also comprises on the basis of Fig. 5 and is connected to the 3rd wire 203 two ends and perpendicular to the 4th wire 204 of the 3rd wire 203.The rest may be inferred, and the artificial micro-structural 2 to electric field response of the present invention also has infinite a plurality of.The length of second wire 202 less than the length of first wire, 201, the three wires 203 less than the length of second wire, 202, the four wires 204 less than the 3rd wire 203, the rest may be inferred.
Equally, artificial micro-structural 2 also can adopt the topological structure that has magnetic responsiveness, as: have the polygon of breach or have annular of breach etc.Certainly, a variety of in addition to the artificial micro-structural 2 of magnetic responsiveness, this paper enumerates no longer one by one.
Artificial micro-structural shown in Figure 7 is " T " shape wire 701 and the stack that is provided with the bending wire 702 of opening on one side; Wherein 701 on " T " shape metal can produce response to electric field; And bending wire 702 can produce corresponding to magnetic field; Size and relative position through adjustment " T " shape wire 701 and bending wire 702; Thereby the relative dielectric constant ε and the relative permeability μ of ultra material monolithic are regulated in the response in 2 pairs of incident electric fields of the artificial micro-structural of scalable and incident magnetic field, can satisfy impedance matching property and decay matching properties through rational design, realize good wave-absorbing effect.
The above is an embodiment of the present invention; Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; Can also make some improvement and retouching, these improvement and retouching also are regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. ultra material of wide-band and wave-absorbing; It is characterized in that; Said ultra material is formed and the effective dielectric constant ε of said same lamella equates with equivalent permeability μ along piling up perpendicular to said sheet surfaces direction by the ultra uniformly sheet of material of a plurality of impedances; Each lamella comprises the substrate of sheet and attached to a plurality of artificial micro-structural on the said substrate, the electromagnetic wave generation electromagentic resonance of the electromagnetic wave artificial micro-structural that different lamellas are adhered to during through this ultra material and different frequency range.
2. the ultra material of wide-band and wave-absorbing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, each said artificial micro-structural is planar structure or the stereochemical structure of being made up of at least one one metal wire.
3. the ultra material of wide-band and wave-absorbing as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that said wire is copper wire or filamentary silver.
4. like claim 2 or the ultra material of 3 described wide-band and wave-absorbings, it is characterized in that, said metal wire through etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method attached on the plate shape substrates.
5. the ultra material of wide-band and wave-absorbing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that said substrate is made by macromolecular material, ceramic material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
6. the ultra material of wide-band and wave-absorbing according to claim 1 is characterized in that said artificial micro-structural has the topological structure to electric field response.
7. the ultra material of wide-band and wave-absorbing according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said artificial micro-structural is " worker " font, " ten " font or " H " shape.
8. the ultra material of wide-band and wave-absorbing according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the derived structure of the derived structure that said artificial micro-structural is " worker " font, " ten " font.
9. the ultra material of wide-band and wave-absorbing according to claim 1 is characterized in that said artificial micro-structural has the topological structure to magnetic responsiveness.
10. the ultra material of wide-band and wave-absorbing according to claim 9 is characterized in that, said artificial micro-structural is the annular that has the polygon of breach or have breach.
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| CN2011100992925A CN102752995A (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2011-04-20 | Broadband wave-absorbing metamaterial |
| PCT/CN2011/082473 WO2012142831A1 (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2011-11-18 | Broadband wave-absorbing metamaterial |
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| CN2011100992925A CN102752995A (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2011-04-20 | Broadband wave-absorbing metamaterial |
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| CN105431979A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-03-23 | 伟创力有限责任公司 | Powder coating method and apparatus for absorbing electromagnetic interference (emi) |
| CN107644140A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-30 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | A kind of plasma material design method |
| CN109479388A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-03-15 | 麦克赛尔控股株式会社 | Electromagnetic wave absorb |
| CN109740238A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-05-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of structural optimization method and preparation method thereof of the wideband Meta Materials wave-absorber based on topological optimization |
| CN110398721A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2019-11-01 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of radar absorbing blocks screen shaping method |
| CN110519974A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2019-11-29 | 秦振山 | A kind of electromagnetism wave resonance control material and absorbing material |
| CN110519975A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2019-11-29 | 秦振山 | A kind of electromagnetism wave resonance control material and absorbing material |
| CN112020294A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-12-01 | 深圳市佳晨科技有限公司 | Ultra-wide spectrum wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113163697A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-23 | 常州大学 | Method for preparing broadband electromagnetic wave absorption metamaterial based on 3D printing |
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| US9961812B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-05-01 | Flextronics Ap, Llc | Method and apparatus for creating perfect microwave absorbing skins |
| US10085370B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-09-25 | Flextronics Ap, Llc. | Powder coating method and apparatus for absorbing electromagnetic interference (EMI) |
| CN105431979B (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-10-19 | 伟创力有限责任公司 | Powder coating method and device for absorbing electromagnetic interference (EMI) |
| CN109479388A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-03-15 | 麦克赛尔控股株式会社 | Electromagnetic wave absorb |
| CN107644140A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-30 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | A kind of plasma material design method |
| CN110398721A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2019-11-01 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of radar absorbing blocks screen shaping method |
| CN110519975A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2019-11-29 | 秦振山 | A kind of electromagnetism wave resonance control material and absorbing material |
| CN110519974A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2019-11-29 | 秦振山 | A kind of electromagnetism wave resonance control material and absorbing material |
| CN109740238A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-05-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of structural optimization method and preparation method thereof of the wideband Meta Materials wave-absorber based on topological optimization |
| CN109740238B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2022-05-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Topological optimization-based structural optimization method of broadband metamaterial wave absorber and preparation method thereof |
| CN112020294A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-12-01 | 深圳市佳晨科技有限公司 | Ultra-wide spectrum wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113163697A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-23 | 常州大学 | Method for preparing broadband electromagnetic wave absorption metamaterial based on 3D printing |
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| WO2012142831A1 (en) | 2012-10-26 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20121024 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |