CN102746074A - Method for sensitizing explosives - Google Patents
Method for sensitizing explosives Download PDFInfo
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- CN102746074A CN102746074A CN2012102759046A CN201210275904A CN102746074A CN 102746074 A CN102746074 A CN 102746074A CN 2012102759046 A CN2012102759046 A CN 2012102759046A CN 201210275904 A CN201210275904 A CN 201210275904A CN 102746074 A CN102746074 A CN 102746074A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for sensitizing explosives. The method includes providing a thermal expansion microsphere which can reduce the density of an explosive; and mixing the microsphere with a dispersion carrier to form a mixture, heating the mixture to expand in a disc type steam expansion machine, and introducing the mixture into the explosive to be mixed evenly to complete sensitization to the explosive. A powder (grain) shape ammonium nitrate explosive sensitized by the method has a charging density of 0.55-1.25g/cm3, the gap distance of a Phi 32 explosive cartridge is 6-8cm, the deep hole blasting of the Phi 32 explosive cartridge leaves no foundation, production storage is stable, the production technology is simple and reliable, the production efficiency is high, and the method is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the explosive preparation field of engineering explosion, specifically a kind of method for sensitizing of industrial ammoniumnitrate explosives.
Background technology
Most of industrial explosives be with the oxygenant reductive agent be main body mixed imperfect explosive, in manufacturing processed, its susceptibility be promoted to satisfy the desired level of engineering explosion thereby need to introduce bubble or sensitizing agent, this technology is referred to as sensitization.The traditional method for sensitizing of imperfect explosive is as using one type of secondary explosive of tritonal as sensitizing agent, or in explosive, introduces bubble and reach the sensitization effect as " focus ", and all there is shortcoming in these two kinds of method for sensitizing.Because the toxic action of tritonal, China forbids in industrial explosive, continuing to use tritonal as sensitizing agent.And,, thereby influence the performance of explosive because the bubble in the explosive changes easily or escape for the explosive of bubble sensitization.The method for sensitizing that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of industrial explosive, the explosive that adopts this method to make have been eliminated the murder by poisoning defective of secondary explosive method for sensitizing, have eliminated the escape of bubble in the shelf lives, stable performance, and the shelf lives is long.
In industrial ammoniumnitrate explosives, add microspheres explosive is carried out the existing patent report of sensitization.Patent CN101823926A directly joins microspheres in the emulsion matrix to go; Lean on emulsion matrix self temperature to accomplish expansion to microspheres; The shortcoming of this method is accurately to control the degrees of expansion of microballoon; USP 6113715 has pointed out that also this method has potential danger, because high-shear emulsifying technology impels sizable energy to be incorporated in the emulsion, the susceptibility emulsion that contains microspheres danger possibly occur when bearing sizable energy.
Patent CN1604885A has announced that a kind of employing vapour stream carries out preparatory expansible method to microspheres, and this kind method causes moisture to get in the explosive, exists the result of use that reduces microspheres, the shortcoming that powder (grain) shape ammoniumnitrate explosives can not adopt.
At present, powder (grain) shape ammoniumnitrate explosives is main with combustible agent and oxygenant, and materials such as interpolation wood powder are as raising agent; Its sensitization mainly leans on the bubble of self blasting explosive granules absorption to serve as focus; This focus is unstable, does the time spent and is destroyed easily when receiving external force, causes explosive to compress; Density increases, and influences blasting effect.Microspheres is applied to powder (grain) shape ammoniumnitrate explosives completion sensitization and is not reported.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method for sensitizing of industrial ammoniumnitrate explosives, this method comprises the steps:
(1) properties-correcting agent that improves explosive density, sensitizing explosive is provided.This properties-correcting agent is mixed by heat-swellable microballoon and dispersible carrier; Dispersible carrier comprises the metallic soap class of ferrosilicon powder, aluminium powder, magnesium powder, StAl, Magnesium Stearate, Zinic stearas, lithium stearate and so on; The resin powder class of tetrafluoroethylene, polymethylmethacrylate and so on, tynex, silicon-dioxide, aluminum oxide, mica, talcum powder, lime carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium phosphate, Marinco H, trimagnesium phosphate, permanent white, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, WHITE CARBON BLACK, molybdenumdisulphide, plant gum powder, super absorbent resin cosmetics, wilkinite, zeyssatite, wood charcoal powder, sepiolite, kaolin, pearlstone etc.Properties-correcting agent is mixed by heat-swellable microballoon and the dispersible carrier part by weight by 0～30%:0～80%; Hybrid mode can be used ball mill, spiral, bipyramid, helical ribbon agitator etc.The stable chemical performance of properties-correcting agent, water insoluble and common organic solvents, nontoxic, tasteless, non-volatility, non-corrosiveness, difficult combustion are not quick-fried, natural tap density 0.5～0.6g/cm
3, be white or pale solid powder.
(2) adding of properties-correcting agent can be taked two kinds of forms: first kind is the properties-correcting agent that mixes directly to be joined with metering screw according to mass percent (0.1～1%) in the explosive of not sensitization go; Rely on explosive self temperature that properties-correcting agent is expanded, accomplish the sensitizing of explosive; Second kind is that properties-correcting agent is joined according to mass percent (0.1～1%) in the explosive of not sensitization and goes through the disc type vapor expansion machine back of expanding in advance.
The properties-correcting agent feed way that expands in advance adopts metering screw to combine with disc type vapor expansion machine.At first properties-correcting agent joins disc type vapor expansion machine home position through metering screw according to mass percent; The decompressor inside strake is with the speed rotation of main shaft according to 10～30r/min; And properties-correcting agent swept to the outmost turns exit until discharging in the exit by home position; Enter into subsequent processing and mix, accomplish the sensitization of explosive with the explosive of not sensitization.In this process, properties-correcting agent adding, expansion and discharging process are carried out continuously, and properties-correcting agent is paved with whole decompressor chassis uniformly, provides heat that properties-correcting agent is expanded by the chassis.
The rotating speed of decompressor is 10～30r/min when expanding in advance, and used vapor temperature is 100～120 ℃, and vapor temperature is controlled by TP and steam electromagnetic valve.Through regulating rotating speed, vapor temperature and the metering screw feed rate of decompressor, can control the expansion effect of properties-correcting agent easily.
The natural tap density 0.05～0.15g/cm of preparatory expansion post-modification agent
3, through scanning electron microscopic observation, microspheres grain diameter after expanding in advance is 30～80 μ m.
Compared with prior art; The invention has the advantages that: proposed the synthetic explosive sensibilization of employing microspheres and dispersible carrier and used properties-correcting agent; This properties-correcting agent is carried out the dry method on-line continuous expand, and the properties-correcting agent successive after will expanding joins in the explosive and mixes the completion sensitization with it.Re-use after if microspheres expanded in advance, because the back density that expands is little, volume is big, then exists the transportation storage cost excessive, uses when unpacking problems such as dust is big; If without preparatory expansion, rely on explosive self temperature expansion to reach the sensitization effect, then can not fine grasp degrees of expansion, and then influence the sensitization effect.The present invention had both taken into account the accessibility that transportation is used, and controlled expansion effect again easily, can regulate the sensitization of explosive, thereby accurately control explosive property, had simplified apparatus and process, practiced thrift investment, workman's easy master.The present invention both can be used for the sensitization of commodity-type packing explosive, also was applicable to the explosive loading truck sensitization technology of on-site mixed explosive.
Description of drawings
To further describe the present invention through embodiment and accompanying drawing below, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a kind of equipment of explosive sensibilization method of the present invention and synoptic diagram of technology of being applicable to.
Embodiment
Referring now to accompanying drawing 1,, equipment shown in the figure is disc type vapor expansion machine.Multigraph press chassis 7 diameter 1m adopt steam jacket 8 heating, and scraper plate 5 is installed on the main shaft 3 with scraper stent 4, drive scraper plate by main shaft and rotate.Material gets into from feed opening 1, and discharge port 9 places that swept to 7 edges, chassis by scraper plate discharge, and equipment has cover 2, cylindrical shell 6 to prevent dust, and the steam jacket temperature is shown by vapor sensor 10, and controls through steam electromagnetic valve.
Properties-correcting agent gets into metering screw 12 through feed bin 11, and metering screw joins multigraph press 13 central positions according to mass percent with properties-correcting agent, after multigraph press 13 expands, gets into loading equipment 14, with not sensitizing explosive mixing sensitization.
ME according to claims 12 characteristic Design of the present invention is following:
First kind of pattern: the wheel roller modified ammonium nitrate, add the wood powder oil phase after the wheel roller modification is accomplished and mix medicine, add microspheres then and mix.The wheel roller technological temperature is 80～120 ℃, and the speed of mainshaft is 15～25r/min; Muller weight is 500kg, and every stone roller process time is 20～30min.
Second kind of pattern: microspheres and mixture of dispersing agents expand in disc type vapor expansion machine in advance.Cam machine hot-air flow or modifying machine are to an ammonium nitrate continuous modification, and continuous ball mill mixes medicine, explosive get into helix agitator or spiral and the expansible mixture mix.The expansion steam temperature is 100～120 ℃ in advance.The thermostat temperature of hot-air flow is 80～155 ℃; The cam rotating speed is 1500～3000r/min, and the continuous mill rotating speed is 50～500r/min.The thermostat temperature of continuous ball mill equipment is 30～90 ℃, and the residence time is 2～10min in the modified ammonium nitrate machine.
The third pattern: cam machine hot-air flow or modifying machine are to an ammonium nitrate continuous modification; Continuous ball mill mixes medicine; The continuous drug of drug spiral, microspheres and mixture of dispersing agents expand in disc type vapor expansion machine continuously, join in proportion in the drug spiral and with explosive to mix.The thermostat temperature of hot-air flow is 80～155 ℃; The cam rotating speed is 1500～3000r/min, and the continuous mill rotating speed is 50～500r/min.The thermostat temperature of continuous ball mill equipment is 30～90 ℃, and the residence time is 2～10min in the modified ammonium nitrate machine.The vapor temperature of disc type vapor expansion machine is 100～120 ℃, and rotating speed is 10～30r/min.
The 4th kind of pattern: microspheres and mixture of dispersing agents expand in disc type vapor expansion machine continuously, join in proportion in the emulsion matrix and with emulsion matrix to mix.
Embodiment 1
By first kind of pattern of the present invention.The roller weight of wheel roller is 500kg, and the speed of mainshaft is 21r/min, and the chassis temperature is 110 ± 5 ℃.Drop into coarse crushing an ammonium nitrate 184kg, Sichuan heavenly steed scientific & technical corporation produces WT type properties-correcting agent 0.6kg, roll 20min after; Drop into Sichuan heavenly steed scientific & technical corporation and produce compound oil phase 8kg; Roll 5min, drop into the properties-correcting agent 1.0kg that Changsha Yichuan equipment Mechanical & Electrical Equipment Technology Co.,Ltd produces, mix and roll drug behind the 5min; Be sample 1, detected result is seen table 1.
According to second kind of pattern of the present invention.The properties-correcting agent that Changsha Yichuan equipment Mechanical & Electrical Equipment Technology Co.,Ltd is produced expands in disc type vapor expansion machine in advance; The expansion steam temperature is 105 ± 5 ℃ in advance; The rotating speed of decompressor is 15r/min, and properties-correcting agent residence time in decompressor is 1～2min, and properties-correcting agent density is 0.5g/cm before expanding
3, the post-modification agent density that expands in advance is 0.12 g/cm
3Start continuous production line of modified anfo explosive, hot blast temperature is 150 ± 5 ℃, and the continuous mill rotating speed is 65r/min; The WT properties-correcting agent that coarse crushing an ammonium nitrate and Sichuan heavenly steed scientific & technical corporation are produced is (94.7:0.3) premix proportionally; Drop into the continuous mill modification then, the modified ammonium nitrate powder that makes adds the compound oil phase that Sichuan heavenly steed scientific & technical corporation produces simultaneously through delivering into continuous ball mill in ball mill; Modified ammonium nitrate and compound oil phase mass ratio are 95:4; After continuous ball mill mixes the medicine of a cold nature,, simultaneously preparatory expansible properties-correcting agent (add-on be explosive charge 1%) is joined in the drug spiral, and mix with explosive through drug spiral drug; Be sample 2, detected result is seen table 1.
According to the third pattern of the present invention.Start continuous production line of modified anfo explosive, hot blast temperature is 150 ± 5 ℃, and cam and rotating speed are 2900r/min; The WT properties-correcting agent that coarse crushing an ammonium nitrate and Sichuan heavenly steed scientific & technical corporation are produced is (94.7:0.3) premix proportionally; Pulverize through the cam machine then, hot-air flow is dry to be carried, and the modified ammonium nitrate powder that makes is through the cyclonic separator separated and collected; The qualified modified ammonium nitrate powder of collecting is sent into continuous ball mill through conveyor screw; In ball mill, add the compound oil phase that Sichuan heavenly steed scientific & technical corporation produces simultaneously, modified ammonium nitrate and compound oil phase mass ratio are 95:4, after continuous ball mill mixes the medicine of a cold nature, pass through drug spiral drug.Disc type vapor expansion machine is installed in drug spiral top, and the decompressor vapor temperature is 105 ± 5 ℃, and the rotating speed of decompressor is 15r/min.Decompressor preheating 5min; When ball mill begins drug, start decompressor, decompressor charging and discharging process are carried out continuously; Properties-correcting agent is accomplished expansion in decompressor; And to enter into ball milling drug spiral add-on synchronously through decompressor be that 1% of explosive charge mixes with explosive, is sample 3, and detected result is seen table 1.
According to the 4th kind of pattern of the present invention.At first properties-correcting agent is expanded in advance.Get the emulsion matrix 10kg that emulsion explosive production line is produced then, put into the insulating container of band whipping appts, vessel insulation is 85 ± 5 ℃; Add 100g expansible properties-correcting agent, start stirring rake, stirring velocity is made as 120r/min; Stir 1min, be sample 4, detected result is seen table 1.
Table 1
Table 1
Comparative example 1
Start continuous production line of modified anfo explosive, hot blast temperature is 150 ± 5 ℃, and cam and rotating speed are 2900r/min; The WT properties-correcting agent that coarse crushing an ammonium nitrate and Sichuan heavenly steed scientific & technical corporation are produced is (92:0.3) premix proportionally, pulverizes through the cam machine then, and hot-air flow is dry to be carried; The modified ammonium nitrate powder that makes is through the cyclonic separator separated and collected; The qualified modified ammonium nitrate powder of collecting is sent into continuous ball mill through conveyor screw, in ball mill, adds compound oil phase and the wood powder that Sichuan heavenly steed scientific & technical corporation produces, modified ammonium nitrate: compound oil phase: wood powder=92:4:4 simultaneously;, continuous ball mill, is sample 5 after mixing the medicine of a cold nature through drug spiral drug.Sample 3 and sample 5 are carried out performance relatively, contrasted explosive loading density, explosion velocity, gap distance emphatically, and designed the steel pipe test; The steel pipe TP is: with internal diameter is 40mm; Wall thickness 3mm, length be 5m steel pipe (the steel pipe specification: Hengshui Hua Qi GB/T13091-2008 1
I) end uses the steel plate solder up, packs Explosive roll into until filling (powder stick specification: Φ 32 from the other end; Heavy 150g; Long 185mm, powder stick quantity: 28), and use the rod tamping; Use No. 8 blasting cap initiations then, observe steel pipe and destroy length and residual powder stick number.Detected result is seen table 2.
Table 2
Comparative example 2
Get the emulsion [explosive that emulsion explosive production line is produced, be sample 6.Sample 6 and sample 4 are carried out the shelf lives performance relatively, see table 3.
Table 3
Claims (15)
1. the method for sensitizing of an explosive comprises:
(1) the microspheres body that can reduce explosive density when expanding is provided;
(2) with microsphere and dispersible carrier mixing formation mixture, and through the expansion of disc type vapor expansion machine;
(3) mix the sensitization of accomplishing explosive in the explosive with being incorporated into after the mixture heating up expansion;
(4) mixture with microspheres body and dispersible carrier formation directly measures the sensitization that the back adds the cold even completion explosive that is mixed in the explosive.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the microsphere of said thermal expansion comprises the microballoon of being processed by polymeric materials.
3. the method for claim 1; It is characterized in that; In step (2); Described dispersible carrier comprises the metallic soap class of ferrosilicon powder, aluminium powder, magnesium powder, StAl, Magnesium Stearate, Zinic stearas, lithium stearate and so on; The resin powder class of tetrafluoroethylene pearl, polymethylmethacrylate pearl and so on, tynex, silicon-dioxide, aluminum oxide, mica, talcum powder, lime carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium phosphate, Marinco H, trimagnesium phosphate, permanent white, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, WHITE CARBON BLACK, molybdenumdisulphide, plant gum powder, super absorbent resin cosmetics, wilkinite, zeyssatite, wood charcoal powder, sepiolite, kaolin, pearlstone etc.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the microspheres body adopts dry method to add thermal expansion through disperseing the back.
5. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the mixture of microspheres and dispersible carrier adds thermal expansion through disc type vapor expansion machine.
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described explosive comprises powder (grain) shape ammoniumnitrate explosives, emulsion [explosive, emulsion matrix and the explosive that does not possess cap-sensitivity.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the mixture of microspheres and dispersible carrier expands in disc type vapor expansion machine, gets in the explosive after reaching the required degrees of expansion of technology again.
8. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the mixture of microspheres and dispersible carrier is evenly dispersed on the whole chassis by scraper plate after getting into the disc type decompressor.
9. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the mixture of microspheres and dispersible carrier is by chassis and barrel heating.
10. method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, the vapor temperature of disc type vapor expansion machine chassis and barrel is greater than 100 ℃.
11. method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, the vapor temperature of disc type vapor expansion machine chassis and barrel is by TP and steam electromagnetic valve control.
12., it is characterized in that the sensitization technology that designs like the described explosive sensibilization method of claim 1～11:
First kind of pattern: microspheres and dispersible carrier are mixed; Mixture is joined in the explosive and goes according to accounting for quality of explosive per-cent 0.1～1.0%; The explosive temperature is 85～95 ℃; Mix, microspheres relies on explosive self temperature expanded by heating in explosive, reach the sensitization effect;
Second kind of pattern: at first microspheres and dispersible carrier are mixed; Then explosive is carried with conveyor screw; Adopt metering screw that the mixture of microspheres and dispersible carrier is joined disc type vapor expansion machine according to accounting for quality of explosive per-cent 0.1～1.0% simultaneously, the vapor temperature of disc type vapor expansion machine is greater than 100 ℃, and rotating speed is 10～30r/min; Mixture residence time in decompressor is 0.5～5min; Mixture gets into explosive conveyor screw and explosive continuously and mixes after expanding, reach the sensitization effect, and decompressor adopts TP and steam electromagnetic valve control vapor temperature; The feeding coal of metering screw control mixture is through regulating the expansion effect of feeding coal, vapor temperature, decompressor rotating speed control mixture.
13., it is characterized in that density is 0.95～1.00 g/cm after the sensitization of powder (grain) shape ammoniumnitrate explosives like the described explosive sensibilization method of claim 1～12
3, gap distance is 6～8cm, foundation is not stayed in Ф 32 powder stick wellhole blastings.
14. like the described explosive sensibilization method of claim 1～12, it is characterized in that, the emulsion [explosive that makes after the emulsion matrix sensitization, it is unattenuated to store 1 year performance.
15. like the described explosive sensibilization method of claim 1～14, it is characterized in that method for sensitizing is simple and reliable, the explosive stable storing is fit to suitability for industrialized production.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN104325593A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-02-04 | 雅化集团三台化工有限公司 | Device and method for preparing foam resin microspheres for physical sensitization of emulsified explosives |
| CN106748589A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽理工大学 | Emulsion Compound sensitizer containing energy and preparation method thereof |
| CN108358733A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-08-03 | 安徽理工大学 | A method of it thermally expanding hollow microsphere and coats energetic additive |
| CN109096023A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2018-12-28 | 安徽理工大学 | Hollow microballoon containing energy of a kind of emulsion multicore and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102432405A (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2012-05-02 | 国营红林机械厂 | Low density explosive and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1604885A (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2005-04-06 | 萨所化学工业有限公司 | Method of preparing a sensitised explosive |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104325593A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-02-04 | 雅化集团三台化工有限公司 | Device and method for preparing foam resin microspheres for physical sensitization of emulsified explosives |
| CN104325593B (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2016-06-29 | 雅化集团三台化工有限公司 | A kind of devices and methods therefor preparing emulsion physical sensitization Foamex microsphere |
| CN106748589A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽理工大学 | Emulsion Compound sensitizer containing energy and preparation method thereof |
| CN106748589B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-07-03 | 安徽理工大学 | Emulsion Compound sensitizer containing energy and preparation method thereof |
| CN108358733A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-08-03 | 安徽理工大学 | A method of it thermally expanding hollow microsphere and coats energetic additive |
| CN108358733B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2020-07-03 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for coating energetic additive by thermal expansion hollow microspheres |
| CN109096023A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2018-12-28 | 安徽理工大学 | Hollow microballoon containing energy of a kind of emulsion multicore and preparation method thereof |
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