CN102746056B - Process for co-producing functional bio-organic fertilizer and plant fibers by using corn straws - Google Patents
Process for co-producing functional bio-organic fertilizer and plant fibers by using corn straws Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a process for co-producing a functional bio-organic fertilizer and plant fibers by using corn straws. According to the process, raw materials comprise corn straws, breeding excrements, edible fungi culture medium wastes and other organic waste assistant materials, and processes of puffed dissociation, screening separation, fermentation and the like are performed to produce a bio-organic fertilizer, wherein the organic matter content is high, and the bio-organic fertilizer is easily absorbed by plants. With the process of the present invention, plant fibers can be further co-produced, wherein physical performance indicators of the produced fibers completely meet standards of papermaking corrugated base paper, and the fibers can be used for wrapping paper papermaking.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of corn stalk that utilizes and produce functional biological fertilizer technique that can co-producing plant fiber.
Background technology
At present, the maize straw that the mistake of the annual institute of China output is hundred million tons can not be used always well, the discarded field of a large amount of stalks, and some on-site incinerations, not only cause waste, and have brought disaster hidden-trouble and topsoil.Therefore, exploitation maize straw development new way is imperative.In science and technology increasingly flourishing today, the prospect of stalk exploitation is more wide.As important biomass resource, maize straw not only has higher fuel value, also contains about 5% protein, the Mierocrystalline cellulose of 30% left and right, and the mineral substance such as a certain amount of calcium, phosphorus, the nutritive value of 1 ton of common stalk, is just equivalent to the nutritive value that 0.25 ton-grain is eaten.The more existing way of utilizing, as many methods such as straw-returning, straw feed, stalk bacteria, stalk marsh gas, can not thoroughly solve stalk problem of complex utilization, and the conclusion that investigation draws is: maize straw residual content is higher than more than 50% at present.These utilize way product single in addition, and cost is high, and benefit is not obvious, cause the actual prospect of utilizing to be restricted.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art, the invention provides a kind of corn stalk that utilizes and produce functional biological fertilizer technique that can co-producing plant fiber.The present invention can make full use of the advantage of maize straw, and by maize straw 100% full dose utilization, product diversification, is worth highly, and prospect is huge, is the effective way that further solves China's maize straw comprehensive utilization.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Utilize corn stalk to produce a technique for functional biological fertilizer, comprise the following steps:
(1) maize straw leaf skin departs from: utilize conventional easy mechanical means that the bar of maize straw and leaf skin are departed from, the leaf skin spinning off accounts for 30% of total mass, then leaf skin is pulverized, leaf skin is pulverized the degree that is all less than 0.8cm for length and width, standby;
(2) cut off: the above-mentioned maize straw of removing leaf skin is cut off, be cut to the fragment that length is 5 ± 1cm, use equipment is general chaffcutter;
(3) expanded dissociating: utilize high-efficiency bulking decomposing machine that the maize straw of above-mentioned cut-out is carried out to expanded dissociating, obtain expanded rear material;
The expanded decomposing machine of stalks is to adopt screw propulsion mode, and mechanical energy is converted into heat energy, and under certain pressure, temperature, time conditions, the device of realizing straw swelling cracking can be that China Patent No. is the straw bulking machine of mentioning in ZL02144553.2; In the expanded process of machinery, the instantaneous temperature of material reaches 160～270 ℃, and the pressure in expanded cracking chamber reaches 15～20kg/cm
2these working conditions make maize straw after expanded, being removed of 80% hemicellulose components, Mierocrystalline cellulose dissociates with the major part that is connected of xylogen, thereby makes the material after expanded mainly be divided into two portions, and the one, the hemicellulose of deviating from, mainly take flesh as main, and containing some xylogen and other trace ingredients, the 2nd, crude fibre, and adhesion part xylogen and hemicellulose.This link has completed dissociating of Mierocrystalline cellulose and hemicellulose, and Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen are tentatively dissociated;
(4) screening and separating: above-mentioned expanded rear material is screened, separate major ingredient part (hemicellulose) and robust fibre partly (xylogen) (utilize 30～40 object steel meshes to screen, major ingredient partly sees through screen cloth, and robust fibre is partly kept here and collected); After screening, major ingredient partly accounts for 62%, and robust fibre partly accounts for 38%; Major ingredient part is mixed with the blade that pulverizing in step (1) obtains, and obtains major ingredient (main component is the compositions such as hemicellulose, pectin, other polysaccharide);
(5) mix: the major ingredient that above-mentioned screening is obtained and auxiliary material are sent fermenter to after proportionally preparing, the carbon-nitrogen ratio after the ratio of major ingredient and auxiliary material is mixed with major ingredient auxiliary material reaches (20～25): 1 (mass ratio) is as the criterion; Concrete ratio is calculated according to the detection level of the carbon nitrogen component of main materials and auxiliary materials;
(6) fermentation: can degradation of hemicellulose, in the above-mentioned material being mixed of composite microbial inoculum access of Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, ferment, leavening temperature is 25～50 ℃, pH value is 7～10, in fermenter, carry out micro-aerobic fermentation (oxygen quality concentration 5～10%), time is no less than 14 days, obtains tunning; Wherein, composite microbial inoculum is comprised of following three kinds of bacterium powder: subtilis 50～70%, and bacillus megaterium 20～40%, Bacillus licheniformis 5～15% (being mass percent), the mass ratio of material and composite microbial inoculum is 100: 1; This step makes the various organism in material ferment, degrade, and makes it to be converted into the efficient organic that can directly be utilized by soil and crop, and makes the nutritive elements such as nitrogen wherein, phosphorus, potassium be fixed and be converted into the composition that crop can directly absorb;
(7) add functional factor: in above-mentioned tunning, supplement the function yeast such as humic acids, antibiosis peptide (disease-resistant pest-resistant) and subtilis (improvement nutritional quality, fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing), mix, obtain functional biological fertilizer.
Technique of the present invention can also be used to co-producing plant fiber, during co-producing plant fiber, further comprising the steps of:
(8) robust fibre part screening in step (4) being obtained, directly insert compound biological enzyme and carry out biological degradation, in pond or in biological degradation tank, material moisture remains on 50～60% (mass percents), pH value 9～11, normal pressure, 30～65 ℃ of temperature, degradation time 18～30 hours; After having discongested, other compositions such as the hemicellulose in coarse fiber material and xylogen are degraded substantially, and being connected between vegetable fibre and xylogen is more loose;
(9) high dense grinding: robust fibre part is after above-mentioned biological degradation, carry out high dense grinding, can use the dense double plate mill of height of domestic production to carry out grinding, coarse fiber material through grinding, vegetable fibre is deviate from, other compositions such as the xylogen being degraded, hemicellulose, pectin separate with vegetable fibre, become tiny and water-soluble material;
(10) washing sieve filters: the material after above-mentioned grinding is added to water, filter sorting, vegetable fibre screened out (screening aperture 0.4mm), other composition being degraded is contained in filtered water liquid, then filtered water liquid is carried out to fine filtering (carefully considering aperture 0.05～0.1mm), tiny fibre composition (particle diameter is greater than fiber fines composition and the xylogen granule of 0.05mm) is filtered off, can enter in the fermentation of biological organic fertilizer in step (6), remaining water liquid can be recycled after precipitation, and throw out can enter in the fermentation of biological organic fertilizer in step (6); The fiber filtering out is inserted in pond, can carry out manufacturing paper with pulp of wrapping paper.This kind of fiber that method is extracted, its physical performance index has reached the standard of the Corrugating Base Paper of manufacturing paper with pulp completely.
In described step (2), swelling temperature is 160～270 ℃, and bulking pressure is 15～20kg/cm
2, the expanded time is 15～20 seconds.
Auxiliary material in described step (5) is other wastes containing organic nutrient such as cultivation ight soil, edible mushrooms residue material, vinasse, Chinese medicine slag.
In described step (6), after having fermented, ferment for the second time: after one time fermentation completes, still there is small part material evenly not ferment, for enhancing productivity, improve ferment effect, ferment for the second time, allocate anaerobic species (core fusobacterium into, anaerobism gram negative bacilli is by 1: 1 even composite liquid agent of seed liquor mass ratio, the concentration of two kinds of bacterium liquid is all that bacterium lives several 1,600,000,000 every gram), inoculum size 0.1% (being mass percent), 30～60 ℃ of condition bottom fermentations, produce the biological fermentation of humic acids, fermentation for the second time can be carried out stacking type, from fermenter discharging, stack, fermentation time is no less than 7 days (during fermentation, be placed in air and cover plastic film).
In described step (7), to the humic acids that supplements 5～10% in tunning receive, 0.01% Leupeptin leupeptin and 0.5% bacillus natto, by the mass percent of tunning.
In described step (7), after mixing, through dusting cover, obtain powder-like product, then powder-like product is directly packed, or carry out granulation.
In described step (8), compound bio-enzyme is the following compound formulation that becomes to be grouped into: zytase 20～30%, peroxidase 30～50%, cellulase 5～15%, polygalacturonase 10～20%, tannase 1～3%; Compound bio-enzyme adds in robust fibre part in 1% ratio, each component by weight, preferably: zytase 30%, peroxidase 43%, cellulase 10%, polygalacturonase 15%, tannase 2%.
In described step (9), grinding concentration is 20～30% (mass percents), and mill diameter is selected ∮ 380～600mm, dish Interval selecting 0.5～1mm.
A kind of functional biological fertilizer that utilizes above-mentioned technique to prepare, its organic content is greater than 30% (massfraction), and humic acids is greater than 10% (massfraction), and total nutrition is greater than 4% (massfraction), bacterium live number be greater than 200,000,000/gram, surpass Ministry of Agriculture's required standard.
The technique of utilizing corn stalk to produce functional biological fertilizer of the present invention, raw material is other organic waste auxiliary materials such as maize straw, cultivation ight soil, culture medium of edible fungus waste, the biological organic fertilizer of producing, organic content is high, is conducive to plant and absorbs.The all right co-producing plant fiber of technique of the present invention, the fiber of producing, its physical performance index has reached the standard of the Corrugating Base Paper of manufacturing paper with pulp completely, can carry out manufacturing paper with pulp of wrapping paper.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
1 one kinds of techniques of utilizing corn stalk to produce functional biological fertilizer coproduction vegetable fibre of embodiment
Step is as follows:
(1) maize straw leaf skin departs from: utilize conventional easy mechanical means that the bar of maize straw and leaf skin are departed from, the leaf skin spinning off accounts for 30% of total mass, then leaf skin is pulverized, leaf skin is pulverized the degree that is all less than 0.8cm for length and width, standby;
(2) cut off: the above-mentioned maize straw of removing leaf skin is cut off, be cut to the fragment that length is 5 ± 1cm, use equipment is general chaffcutter;
(3) expanded dissociating: utilize high-efficiency bulking decomposing machine that the maize straw of above-mentioned cut-out is carried out to expanded dissociating, obtain expanded rear material; Swelling temperature is 200 ℃, and bulking pressure is 18kg/c m
2, the expanded time is 18 seconds;
(4) screening and separating: above-mentioned expanded rear material is screened: utilize 30 object steel meshes to screen, major ingredient partly sees through screen cloth, and robust fibre is partly kept here and collected; After screening, major ingredient partly accounts for 62%, and robust fibre partly accounts for 38%; Major ingredient part is mixed with the blade that pulverizing in step (1) obtains, and obtains major ingredient;
(5) mix: the major ingredient that above-mentioned screening is obtained and auxiliary material are sent fermenter to after proportionally preparing, the carbon-nitrogen ratio after the ratio of major ingredient and auxiliary material is mixed with major ingredient auxiliary material reaches 20: 1, and (mass ratio) is as the criterion; Concrete ratio is calculated according to the detection level of the carbon nitrogen component of main materials and auxiliary materials; Described auxiliary material is chicken manure.
(6) fermentation: can degradation of hemicellulose, in the above-mentioned material being mixed of composite microbial inoculum access of Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, ferment, leavening temperature is 40 ℃, pH value is 7, in fermenter, carry out micro-aerobic fermentation (oxygen quality concentration 8%), 20 days time, obtain tunning; Wherein, composite microbial inoculum is comprised of following three kinds of bacterium powder: subtilis 60%, and bacillus megaterium 30%, Bacillus licheniformis 10% (being mass percent), the mass ratio of material and composite microbial inoculum is 100: 1;
(7) add functional factor: to the humic acids that supplements 8% in above-mentioned tunning receive, 0.01% Leupeptin leupeptin and 0.5% bacillus natto, the mass percent by tunning, mixes, and obtains functional biological fertilizer; Through dusting cover, obtain powder-like product, then powder-like product is directly packed, or carried out granulation.
During co-producing plant fiber, step is as follows:
(8) robust fibre part screening in step (4) being obtained, directly inserts compound biological enzyme and carries out biological degradation, in pond or in biological degradation tank, material moisture remains on 50～60% (mass percents), pH value 9～11, normal pressure, temperature 50 C, degradation time 25 hours; Described compound bio-enzyme is the following compound formulation that becomes to be grouped into: zytase 30%, peroxidase 43%, cellulase 10%, polygalacturonase 15%, tannase 2%;
(9) high dense grinding: robust fibre part is after above-mentioned biological degradation, carry out high dense grinding, can use the dense double plate mill of height of domestic production to carry out grinding, grinding concentration is 25% (mass percent), mill diameter is selected ∮ 450mm, dish Interval selecting 0.7mm (all same below); Through the coarse fiber material of grinding, vegetable fibre is deviate from, and other compositions such as the xylogen being degraded, hemicellulose, pectin separate with vegetable fibre, become tiny and water-soluble material;
(10) washing sieve filters: the material after above-mentioned grinding is added to water, filter sorting, vegetable fibre screened out (screening aperture 0.4mm), other composition being degraded is contained in filtered water liquid, then filtered water liquid is carried out to fine filtering (carefully considering aperture 0.05mm), tiny fibre composition (particle diameter is greater than fiber fines composition and the xylogen granule of 0.05mm) is filtered off, can enter in the fermentation of biological organic fertilizer in step (6), remaining water liquid can be recycled after precipitation, and throw out can enter in the fermentation of biological organic fertilizer in step (6); The fiber filtering out is inserted in pond, can carry out manufacturing paper with pulp of wrapping paper.This kind of fiber that method is extracted, its physical performance index has reached the standard of the Corrugating Base Paper of manufacturing paper with pulp completely.
The functional biological fertilizer that utilizes above-mentioned technique to prepare, its organic content is greater than 30% (massfraction), humic acids is greater than 10% (massfraction), it is (as shown in table 3 that total nutrition is greater than 4% (massfraction), the detection data of total nutrient have been provided), bacterium live number be greater than 200,000,000/gram, as shown in table 2, surpass Ministry of Agriculture's required standard (as shown in table 1, table 1 is the up-to-date promulgation of the Ministry of Agriculture 2004, the standard (NY884-2004 < < biological organic fertilizer > >) of the up-to-date biological organic fertilizer of carrying out for 2005.
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
2 one kinds of techniques of utilizing corn stalk to produce functional biological fertilizer coproduction vegetable fibre of embodiment
Step is as follows: schema as shown in Figure 1
(1) maize straw leaf skin departs from: utilize conventional easy mechanical means that the bar of maize straw and leaf skin are departed from, the leaf skin spinning off accounts for 30% of total mass, then leaf skin is pulverized, leaf skin is pulverized the degree that is all less than 0.8cm for length and width, standby;
(2) cut off: the above-mentioned maize straw of removing leaf skin is cut off, be cut to the fragment that length is 5 ± 1cm, use equipment is general chaffcutter;
(3) expanded dissociating: utilize high-efficiency bulking decomposing machine that the maize straw of above-mentioned cut-out is carried out to expanded dissociating, obtain expanded rear material; Swelling temperature is 220 ℃, and bulking pressure is 20kg/cm
2, the expanded time is 20 seconds;
(4) screening and separating: above-mentioned expanded rear material is screened: utilize 40 object steel meshes to screen, major ingredient partly sees through screen cloth, and robust fibre is partly kept here and collected; After screening, major ingredient partly accounts for 62%, and robust fibre partly accounts for 38%; Major ingredient part is mixed with the blade that pulverizing in step (1) obtains, and obtains major ingredient;
(5) mix: the major ingredient that above-mentioned screening is obtained and auxiliary material are sent fermenter to after proportionally preparing, the carbon-nitrogen ratio after the ratio of major ingredient and auxiliary material is mixed with major ingredient auxiliary material reaches 25: 1, and (mass ratio) is as the criterion; Concrete ratio is calculated according to the detection level of the carbon nitrogen component of main materials and auxiliary materials; Described auxiliary material is straw mushroom substratum residue material.
(6) fermentation: can degradation of hemicellulose, in the above-mentioned material being mixed of composite microbial inoculum access of Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, ferment, leavening temperature is 37 ℃, pH value is 7～10, in fermenter, carry out micro-aerobic fermentation (oxygen quality concentration 5%), 15 days time, obtain tunning; Wherein, composite microbial inoculum is comprised of following three kinds of bacterium powder: subtilis 60%, and bacillus megaterium 30%, Bacillus licheniformis 10% (being mass percent), the mass ratio of material and composite microbial inoculum is 100: 1;
After having fermented, ferment for the second time: (core fusobacterium, anaerobism gram negative bacilli are by 1: 1 even composite liquid agent of seed liquor mass ratio to allocate anaerobic species into, the concentration of two kinds of bacterium liquid is all that bacterium lives several 1,600,000,000 every gram, 0.1%, 40 ℃ of condition bottom fermentation of inoculum size), produce the biological fermentation of humic acids, carry out stacking type, from fermenter discharging, stack, cover plastic film, fermentation time 7 days.
(7) add functional factor: to the humic acids that supplements 10% in above-mentioned tunning receive, 0.01% Leupeptin leupeptin and 0.5% bacillus natto, the mass percent by tunning, mixes, and obtains functional biological fertilizer; Through dusting cover, obtain powder-like product, then powder-like product is directly packed, or carried out granulation.
During co-producing plant fiber, step is as follows:
(8) robust fibre part screening in step (4) being obtained, directly inserts compound biological enzyme and carries out biological degradation, in pond or in biological degradation tank, material moisture remains on 50～60% (mass percents), pH value 9～11, normal pressure, temperature 45 C, degradation time 30 hours; Described compound bio-enzyme is the following compound formulation that becomes to be grouped into: zytase 25%, peroxidase 50%, cellulase 5%, polygalacturonase 19%, tannase 1%;
(9) high dense grinding: robust fibre part, after above-mentioned biological degradation, is carried out high dense grinding, can be used the dense double plate mill of height of domestic production to carry out grinding, and grinding concentration is 20% (mass percent); Through the coarse fiber material of grinding, vegetable fibre is deviate from, and other compositions such as the xylogen being degraded, hemicellulose, pectin separate with vegetable fibre, become tiny and water-soluble material;
(10) washing sieve filters: the material after above-mentioned grinding is added to water, filter sorting, vegetable fibre screened out (screening aperture 0.4mm), other composition being degraded is contained in filtered water liquid, then filtered water liquid is carried out to fine filtering (carefully considering aperture 0.1mm), tiny fibre composition (particle diameter is greater than fiber fines composition and the xylogen granule of 0.1mm) is filtered off, can enter in the fermentation of biological organic fertilizer in step (6), remaining water liquid can be recycled after precipitation, and throw out can enter in the fermentation of biological organic fertilizer in step (6); The fiber filtering out is inserted in pond, can carry out manufacturing paper with pulp of wrapping paper.This kind of fiber that method is extracted, its physical performance index has reached the standard of the Corrugating Base Paper of manufacturing paper with pulp completely.
The functional biological fertilizer that utilizes above-mentioned technique to prepare, its organic content is greater than 30% (massfraction), and humic acids is greater than 10% (massfraction), and total nutrition is greater than 4% (massfraction), bacterium live number be greater than 200,000,000/gram, surpass Ministry of Agriculture's required standard.
3 one kinds of techniques of utilizing corn stalk to produce functional biological fertilizer coproduction vegetable fibre of embodiment
Step is as follows:
(1) maize straw leaf skin departs from: utilize conventional easy mechanical means that the bar of maize straw and leaf skin are departed from, the leaf skin spinning off accounts for 30% of total mass, then leaf skin is pulverized, leaf skin is pulverized the degree that is all less than 0.8cm for length and width, standby;
(2) cut off: the above-mentioned maize straw of removing leaf skin is cut off, be cut to the fragment that length is 5 ± 1cm, use equipment is general chaffcutter;
(3) expanded dissociating: utilize high-efficiency bulking decomposing machine that the maize straw of above-mentioned cut-out is carried out to expanded dissociating, obtain expanded rear material; Swelling temperature is 180 ℃, and bulking pressure is 15kg/cm
2, the expanded time is 15 seconds;
(4) screening and separating: above-mentioned expanded rear material is screened: utilize 30～40 object steel meshes to screen, major ingredient partly sees through screen cloth, and robust fibre is partly kept here and collected; After screening, major ingredient partly accounts for 62%, and robust fibre partly accounts for 38%; Major ingredient part is mixed with the blade that pulverizing in step (1) obtains, and obtains major ingredient;
(5) mix: the major ingredient that above-mentioned screening is obtained and auxiliary material are sent fermenter to after proportionally preparing, the carbon-nitrogen ratio after the ratio of major ingredient and auxiliary material is mixed with major ingredient auxiliary material reaches 22: 1, and (mass ratio) is as the criterion; Concrete ratio is calculated according to the detection level of the carbon nitrogen component of main materials and auxiliary materials; Described auxiliary material is vinasse.
(6) fermentation: can degradation of hemicellulose, in the above-mentioned material being mixed of composite microbial inoculum access of Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, ferment, leavening temperature is 45 ℃, pH value is 7～10, in fermenter, carry out micro-aerobic fermentation (oxygen quality concentration 10%), 18 days time, obtain tunning; Wherein, composite microbial inoculum is comprised of following three kinds of bacterium powder: subtilis 60%, and bacillus megaterium 30%, Bacillus licheniformis 10% (being mass percent), the mass ratio of material and composite microbial inoculum is 100: 1;
(7) add functional factor: to the humic acids that supplements 5% in above-mentioned tunning receive, 0.01% Leupeptin leupeptin and 0.5% bacillus natto, the mass percent by tunning, mixes, and obtains functional biological fertilizer; Through dusting cover, obtain powder-like product, then powder-like product is directly packed, or carried out granulation.
During co-producing plant fiber, step is as follows:
(8) robust fibre part screening in step (4) being obtained, directly inserts compound biological enzyme and carries out biological degradation, in pond or in biological degradation tank, material moisture remains on 50～60% (mass percents), pH value 9～11, normal pressure, temperature 50 C, degradation time 20 hours; Described compound bio-enzyme is the following compound formulation that becomes to be grouped into: zytase 25%, peroxidase 40%, cellulase 15%, polygalacturonase 17%, tannase 3%; Compound bio-enzyme adds in robust fibre part in 1% ratio, each component by weight, preferably: zytase 30%, peroxidase 43%, cellulase 10%, polygalacturonase 15%, tannase 2%;
(9) high dense grinding: robust fibre part, after above-mentioned biological degradation, is carried out high dense grinding, can be used the dense double plate mill of height of domestic production to carry out grinding, and grinding concentration is 30% (mass percent); Through the coarse fiber material of grinding, vegetable fibre is deviate from, and other compositions such as the xylogen being degraded, hemicellulose, pectin separate with vegetable fibre, become tiny and water-soluble material;
(10) washing sieve filters: the material after above-mentioned grinding is added to water, filter sorting, vegetable fibre screened out (screening aperture 0.4mm), other composition being degraded is contained in filtered water liquid, then filtered water liquid is carried out to fine filtering (carefully considering aperture 0.05mm), tiny fibre composition (particle diameter is greater than fiber fines composition and the xylogen granule of 0.05mm) is filtered off, can enter in the fermentation of biological organic fertilizer in step (6), remaining water liquid can be recycled after precipitation, and throw out can enter in the fermentation of biological organic fertilizer in step (6); The fiber filtering out is inserted in pond, can carry out manufacturing paper with pulp of wrapping paper.This kind of fiber that method is extracted, its physical performance index has reached the standard of the Corrugating Base Paper of manufacturing paper with pulp completely.
The functional biological fertilizer that utilizes above-mentioned technique to prepare, its organic content is greater than 30% (massfraction), and humic acids is greater than 10% (massfraction), and total nutrition is greater than 4% (massfraction), bacterium live number be greater than 200,000,000/gram, surpass Ministry of Agriculture's required standard.
4 one kinds of techniques of utilizing corn stalk to produce functional biological fertilizer coproduction vegetable fibre of embodiment
Step is as follows:
(1) maize straw leaf skin departs from: utilize conventional easy mechanical means that the bar of maize straw and leaf skin are departed from, the leaf skin spinning off accounts for 30% of total mass, then leaf skin is pulverized, leaf skin is pulverized the degree that is all less than 0.8cm for length and width, standby;
(2) cut off: the above-mentioned maize straw of removing leaf skin is cut off, be cut to the fragment that length is 5 ± 1cm, use equipment is general chaffcutter;
(3) expanded dissociating: utilize high-efficiency bulking decomposing machine that the maize straw of above-mentioned cut-out is carried out to expanded dissociating, obtain expanded rear material; Swelling temperature is 250 ℃, and bulking pressure is 20kg/cm
2, the expanded time is 20 seconds;
(4) screening and separating: above-mentioned expanded rear material is screened: utilize 30 object steel meshes to screen, major ingredient partly sees through screen cloth, and robust fibre is partly kept here and collected; After screening, major ingredient partly accounts for 62%, and robust fibre partly accounts for 38%; Major ingredient part is mixed with the blade that pulverizing in step (1) obtains, and obtains major ingredient;
(5) mix: the major ingredient that above-mentioned screening is obtained and auxiliary material are sent fermenter to after proportionally preparing, the carbon-nitrogen ratio after the ratio of major ingredient and auxiliary material is mixed with major ingredient auxiliary material reaches 25: 1, and (mass ratio) is as the criterion; Concrete ratio is calculated according to the detection level of the carbon nitrogen component of main materials and auxiliary materials; Described auxiliary material is: chicken manure and vinasse half and half.
(6) fermentation: can degradation of hemicellulose, in the above-mentioned material being mixed of composite microbial inoculum access of Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, ferment, leavening temperature is 50 ℃, pH value is 7～10, in fermenter, carry out micro-aerobic fermentation (oxygen quality concentration 6%), 14 days time, obtain tunning; Wherein, composite microbial inoculum is comprised of following three kinds of bacterium powder: subtilis 60%, and bacillus megaterium 30%, Bacillus licheniformis 10% (being mass percent), the mass ratio of material and composite microbial inoculum is 100: 1;
After having fermented, ferment for the second time: (core fusobacterium, anaerobism gram negative bacilli be 1: 1 even composite liquid agent in mass ratio to allocate anaerobic species into, inoculum size 0.1%, 37 ℃ of condition bottom fermentations), produce the biological fermentation of humic acids, carry out stacking type, cover plastic film, fermentation time 8 days.
(7) add functional factor: to the humic acids that supplements 6% in above-mentioned tunning receive, 0.01% Leupeptin leupeptin and 0.5% bacillus natto, the mass percent by tunning, mixes, and obtains functional biological fertilizer; Through dusting cover, obtain powder-like product, then powder-like product is directly packed, or carried out granulation.
During co-producing plant fiber, step is as follows:
(8) robust fibre part screening in step (4) being obtained, directly inserts compound biological enzyme and carries out biological degradation, in pond or in biological degradation tank, material moisture remains on 50～60% (mass percents), pH value 9～11, normal pressure, temperature 60 C, degradation time 30 hours; Described compound bio-enzyme is the following compound formulation that becomes to be grouped into: zytase 22%, peroxidase 50%, cellulase 12%, polygalacturonase 14%, tannase 2%;
(9) high dense grinding: robust fibre part, after above-mentioned biological degradation, is carried out high dense grinding, can be used the dense double plate mill of height of domestic production to carry out grinding, and grinding concentration is 25% (mass percent); Through the coarse fiber material of grinding, vegetable fibre is deviate from, and other compositions such as the xylogen being degraded, hemicellulose, pectin separate with vegetable fibre, become tiny and water-soluble material;
(10) washing sieve filters: the material after above-mentioned grinding is added to water, filter sorting, vegetable fibre screened out (screening aperture 0.4mm), other composition being degraded is contained in filtered water liquid, then filtered water liquid is carried out to fine filtering (carefully considering aperture 0.05mm), tiny fibre composition (particle diameter is greater than fiber fines composition and the xylogen granule of 0.05mm) is filtered off, can enter in the fermentation of biological organic fertilizer in step (6), remaining water liquid can be recycled after precipitation, and throw out can enter in the fermentation of biological organic fertilizer in step (6); The fiber filtering out is inserted in pond, can carry out manufacturing paper with pulp of wrapping paper.This kind of fiber that method is extracted, its physical performance index has reached the standard of the Corrugating Base Paper of manufacturing paper with pulp completely.
The functional biological fertilizer that utilizes above-mentioned technique to prepare, its organic content is greater than 30% (massfraction), and humic acids is greater than 10% (massfraction), and total nutrition is greater than 4% (massfraction), bacterium live number be greater than 200,000,000/gram, surpass Ministry of Agriculture's required standard.
Claims (9)
1. utilize corn stalk to produce a technique for functional biological fertilizer coproduction vegetable fibre, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) maize straw leaf skin departs from: the bar of maize straw and leaf skin are departed from, then leaf skin is pulverized, and standby;
(2) cut off: the above-mentioned maize straw of removing leaf skin is cut off;
(3) expanded dissociating: the maize straw of above-mentioned cut-out is carried out to expanded dissociating, obtain expanded rear material;
(4) screening and separating: above-mentioned expanded rear material is screened, separate major ingredient part and robust fibre part, major ingredient part is mixed with the blade that pulverizing in step (1) obtains, and obtains major ingredient;
(5) mix: the major ingredient that above-mentioned screening is obtained and auxiliary material are sent fermenter to after proportionally preparing, the carbon-nitrogen ratio after the ratio of major ingredient and auxiliary material is mixed with major ingredient auxiliary material reaches (20～25): 1 is as the criterion;
(6) fermentation: by the above-mentioned material being mixed of composite microbial inoculum access, ferment, leavening temperature is 25～50 ℃, and pH value is 7～10, carries out micro-aerobic fermentation in fermenter, and the time is no less than 14 days, obtains tunning; Wherein, composite microbial inoculum is comprised of following three kinds of bacterium powder: subtilis 50～70%, and bacillus megaterium 20～40%, Bacillus licheniformis 5～15%, the mass ratio of material and composite microbial inoculum is 100:1;
(7) add functional factor: in above-mentioned tunning, supplement humic acids, antibiosis peptide and subtilis, mix, obtain functional biological fertilizer;
(8) robust fibre part screening in step (4) being obtained, directly inserts compound biological enzyme and carries out biological degradation, in pond or in biological degradation tank, material moisture remains on 50～60%, pH value 9～11, normal pressure, 30～65 ℃ of temperature, degradation time 18～30 hours;
(9) high dense grinding: robust fibre part, after above-mentioned biological degradation, is carried out high dense grinding;
(10) washing sieve filters: the material after above-mentioned grinding is added to water, filter sorting, vegetable fibre is out screened, and other composition being degraded is contained in filtered water liquid, then filtered water liquid is carried out to fine filtering, and tiny fibre composition is filtered off.
2. the technique of utilizing corn stalk to produce functional biological fertilizer coproduction vegetable fibre according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (2), swelling temperature is 160～270 ℃, and bulking pressure is 15～20 ㎏/cm
2, the expanded time is 15～20 seconds.
3. the technique of utilizing corn stalk to produce functional biological fertilizer coproduction vegetable fibre according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the auxiliary material in described step (5) is cultivation ight soil, edible mushrooms residue material, vinasse or Chinese medicine slag.
4. the technique of utilizing corn stalk to produce functional biological fertilizer coproduction vegetable fibre according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: in described step (6), after having fermented, ferment for the second time: allocate anaerobic species into, produce the biological fermentation of humic acids, fermentation time is no less than 7 days.
5. the technique of utilizing corn stalk to produce functional biological fertilizer coproduction vegetable fibre according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (7), to supplementing 5～10% Sodium salts humic acids, 0.01% Leupeptin leupeptin and 0.5% bacillus natto in tunning, by the mass percent of tunning.
6. the technique of utilizing corn stalk to produce functional biological fertilizer coproduction vegetable fibre according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (7), after mixing, through dusting cover, obtain powder-like product, then powder-like product is directly packed, or carry out granulation.
7. the technique of utilizing corn stalk to produce functional biological fertilizer coproduction vegetable fibre according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (8), compound bio-enzyme is the following compound formulation that becomes to be grouped into: zytase 20～30%, peroxidase 30～50%, cellulase 5～15%, polygalacturonase 10～20%, tannase 1～3%; Compound bio-enzyme adds in robust fibre part in 1% ratio, and each component by weight.
8. the technique of utilizing corn stalk to produce functional biological fertilizer coproduction vegetable fibre according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (9), grinding concentration is 20～30%, and mill diameter is selected ∮ 380～600mm, dish Interval selecting 0.5～1mm.
9. a functional biological fertilizer that utilizes the technique described in claim 1 to prepare.
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| CN110128224A (en) * | 2019-05-26 | 2019-08-16 | 山东工艺美术学院 | Coating type corn grain slag humus prepares the implantation methods of sand-fixing device turf |
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