CN102729002B - The processing method of crank round slider built-up crankshaft - Google Patents
The processing method of crank round slider built-up crankshaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN102729002B CN102729002B CN201210092007.1A CN201210092007A CN102729002B CN 102729002 B CN102729002 B CN 102729002B CN 201210092007 A CN201210092007 A CN 201210092007A CN 102729002 B CN102729002 B CN 102729002B
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method of processing crank round slider built-up crankshaft, clamping crank shaft blank outer peripheral face, in the both ends of the surface machining center hole of axis; Take centre bore as the smooth outer peripheral face at benchmark, machining crankshafts blank two ends; Be sleeved on above-mentioned smooth outer peripheral face with inner stopper from crank shaft blank two ends with the locating piece of special fixture; Crank-pin centre bore is got by the crank-pin locating hole of locating piece; Take centre bore as the trunnion outer peripheral face of positioning datum machining crankshafts blank, crank outer peripheral face; With crank-pin centre bore for positioning datum, processing crank-pin each section of outer peripheral face; Cutting this bent axle perpendicular to crankshaft center line is crank section, crank throw section, and crank section comprises changeover portion; With changeover portion outer peripheral face for benchmark, the taper hole that processing is corresponding with crank-pin front-end-cone face on crank; The additional length of changeover portion and axis is excised, obtains crank.The present invention provides a kind of locating piece for said method simultaneously.Above-mentioned processing method can meet the processing request of built-up crankshaft.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to circular slider-crank mechanism, particularly the processing method of circular slider-crank mechanism built-up crankshaft.The present invention is provided for the special fixture of the method simultaneously.
Background technology
Circular slider-crank mechanism be a kind of for substitute traditional toggle reciprocal-rotary motion conversion mechanism, connecting rod is not had in this mechanism, enable the size of whole mechanism be less than traditional toggle, and the dynamic balancing Be very effective of whole mechanism improve.
In said mechanism, smooth block needs to be enclosed within the crank-pin of bent axle by its eccentric orfice, and the two ends due to bent axle are provided with crank, trunnion, and crank-pin is enclosed in centre, and during assembling, smooth block is not directly enclosed within the mounting condition on crank-pin.
For solving the problem, smooth block can be designed to combined type smooth block, namely smooth block is split up into two parts in eccentric orfice position, and above-mentioned smooth block can, like this, just can be arranged on crank-pin by two parts by part combination such as bolts together.Because aforesaid way obviously weakens the intensity of smooth block, generally this design can not be adopted in practice.
The more feasible solution of another one adopts built-up crankshaft.Name is called " for the part of internal combustion engine or compressor crank shaft, bent axle and internal combustion engine, compressor ", number of patent application be 200810226417.4 Chinese patent namely provide a kind of built-up crankshaft.According to different concrete conditions, this built-up crankshaft has different concrete forms.The vuilt-up crankshaft of a kind of small two-stroke single-cylinder engine provided for the first embodiment of the description detailed description of the invention of this patent, this bent axle comprises one and singly turns and a crank, described singly turning arranges crank-pin, this crank-pin one end is provided with trunnion and crank arm, and the other end is open.The end of the opening of described crank-pin is designed to cone end, and this cone end matches with the taper hole that crank is arranged.During installation, after smooth block is inserted in by the end of the opening of above-mentioned crank-pin, more described crank is matched with crank-pin, two parts are installed together, form complete bent axle.Above-described embodiment is the embodiment that this patent provides, and in that patent, additionally provides the form of the vuilt-up crankshaft adopting crutches mechanism and two crank formation of making separately, and other more complicated built-up crankshaft.
Combinations thereof formula bent axle solves the problem that smooth block and bent axle assemble, and there will not be the remarkable decline of the intensity of the smooth block adopting aforesaid combined type smooth block scheme to cause.By crank disclosed in above-mentioned patent application and the special location structure design of singly turning (or crutches), can ensure that the phase relation of crank, crank-pin, maneton various piece is accurate, ensure crank pin axis and crankshaft center line parallel co-planar, and there is good detachability.Therefore, combinations thereof formula bent axle is adopted to become the optimal selection of circular slider-crank mechanism.
But there is a lot of difficult point in the processing of above-mentioned bent axle itself.For bent axle, guarantee that the morpheme relation such as crank pin axis and crankshaft center line parallel co-planar is extremely important.After the different parts processing of composition combinations thereof formula bent axle, combine when forming complete bent axle, usually cannot meet the requirement of the morpheme relation of bent axle each several part.
In order to solve the problem, need to adopt more suitable method of processing parts.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the processing method of crank round slider built-up crankshaft, when the method can ensure to be assembled into complete bent axle after built-up crankshaft various piece machines, the morpheme relation of bent axle various piece meets designing requirement.
The present invention provides a kind of special fixture for above-mentioned processing method simultaneously.
The invention provides a kind of method of processing crank round slider built-up crankshaft,
Adopt the crank shaft blank with complete bent axle shape as processing raw material;
The outer peripheral face of clamping crank shaft blank, both ends of the surface machining center hole axially, and cutting crankshaft two end face is plane;
With both ends of the surface centre bore for benchmark, at the two ends of crank shaft blank axis, inwardly process one section of outer peripheral face from end face respectively, obtain the smooth outer peripheral face being positioned at crank shaft blank two ends;
Be sleeved on above-mentioned smooth outer peripheral face from crank shaft blank two ends with inner stopper with the locating piece of special fixture, rotated to suitable position, and be fixed as one by the locating piece of location structure by two ends; Described correct position, namely the crank-pin locating hole line of the locating piece at two ends passes through the approximate centre position of crank shaft blank crank-pin section; The outside dimension of the inner stopper internal diameter of described locating piece and the smooth outer peripheral face of its suit matches;
With the crank-pin locating hole of drill bit by described locating piece, get crank-pin centre bore in crank shaft blank both ends of the surface;
Remove fixture;
Take centre bore as positioning datum, the trunnion outer peripheral face of machining crankshafts blank, crank outer peripheral face; And with described crank-pin centre bore for positioning datum, processing crank-pin each section of outer peripheral face, comprises the changeover portion outer peripheral face of the outer peripheral face of crank-pin cylindrical section, the conical surface of crank-pin front end, crank-pin and crank;
Cut this bent axle perpendicular to crankshaft center line, be divided into crank section, crank throw section, wherein crank section comprises the changeover portion of crank-pin and crank;
With described changeover portion outer peripheral face for benchmark, centered by the crank-pin centre bore on the outer face of this crank, the taper hole that processing is corresponding with crank-pin front-end-cone face on crank;
The additional length of the changeover portion of crank section and axis is excised, obtains the crank of required size.
Preferably, the locating piece of described special fixture has the central through hole corresponding with the centre bore of crankshaft end-face, and the center of circle of this central through hole is the center of circle of locating piece inner stopper; Fixture is rotated to suitable position, and after using location structure to be fixed as one by the locating piece at two ends, uses top, from two ends by this central through hole, withstand the centre bore be positioned in crank shaft blank both ends of the surface; This central through hole is unthreaded hole, then the external diameter on the top face of cylinder and the minor diameter fit of described central through hole, and this central through hole is screwed hole, then the top face of cylinder is the thread segment be mated, top in the screw-in mode of threaded engagement by this central through hole; Top withstand centre bore after, get the step of two groups of crank-pin centre bores described in carrying out.
Preferably, described with both ends of the surface centre bore for benchmark, at the two ends of crank shaft blank axis, one section of outer peripheral face is inwardly processed respectively from end face, obtain the step being arranged in the smooth outer peripheral face at crank shaft blank two ends, the smooth outer peripheral face at described two ends is the outer peripheral face with same diameter requirement and tolerance.
Preferably, the location structure on described special fixture is the through hole being positioned at locating piece corner, is describedly fixed as one by the locating piece of location structure by two ends, is specifically fixed as one by two locating pieces being positioned at two ends with the stay bolt through above-mentioned through hole.
Preferably, described bent axle is the bent axle with more than two sections or two sections crank-pins; The crank-pin locating hole of the locating piece of described folder special tool is two, and its line of centres is by its inner stopper center of circle.
Preferably, described bent axle is the bent axle with one section of crank-pin; The crank-pin locating hole of described special fixture is one.
The invention provides the processing method of crank round slider built-up crankshaft, the feature of the method is, use a complete crank shaft blank for processing raw material, this blank includes the processing prototype of each parts of bent axle to be processed, namely comprise crank section and crank throw section, and one section of changeover portion is set at both intersections.First cut these blank both ends of the surface and process centre bore in both ends of the surface, utilizing centre bore to process to be positioned at the outer peripheral face at these crank shaft blank both ends.Then use special fixture to coordinate with these crank shaft blank both ends of the surface and the above-mentioned outer peripheral face being positioned at both ends, use fixture, the fixture at two ends is fixed as one.Then, the crank-pin locating hole by fixture is arranged processes crank-pin centre bore.Then, with the centre bore of crankshaft end-face for positioning datum, the processing outer peripheral face of crank and the maneton outer peripheral face of crank throw; And with crank-pin centre bore for positioning datum, processing crank-pin outer peripheral face (comprising cylindrical section and the cone end of crank-pin), and the outer peripheral face of described changeover portion.Then with the interface of changeover portion and crank-pin for boundary, perpendicular cuts is carried out to this crank shaft blank, by containing crank-pin singly turn or crutches cut down.The part comprising crank in addition, then with the outer peripheral face of the changeover portion on it for locating surface, taper hole corresponding with the cone end of crank-pin on processing crank, obtains crank.In above-mentioned process, require that the cutting benchmark of the outer peripheral face of each coaxial shaft part all obtains identical centre bore to position processing on an overall crank shaft blank part, make longitudinally upper each shaft part discontinuous have good coaxial relation.Further, the position of different centre bore is obtained by fixture location, ensure that the position relationship that bent axle each several part is determined.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the assembled state figure that first embodiment of the invention needs the built-up crankshaft of processing;
Fig. 2 is the released state figure that first embodiment of the invention needs the built-up crankshaft of processing;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the crank shaft blank front view of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the crank shaft blank front view after first embodiment of the invention step S102 machines;
Fig. 6 is the crank shaft blank front view after first embodiment of the invention step S103 machines;
Fig. 7 is the front view of the locating piece of the special fixture that first embodiment of the invention adopts;
Fig. 8 is the sectional view of the locating piece of the special fixture that first embodiment of the invention adopts;
Fig. 9 is the crank shaft blank front view after first embodiment of the invention step S104;
Figure 10 is the crank shaft blank front view after first embodiment of the invention step S105 machines;
Figure 11 is the sectional view of the drill bushing that may use in first embodiment of the invention step S105;
Figure 12 is the crank shaft blank front view after first embodiment of the invention step S106 completes;
Figure 13 is the crank shaft blank front view after first embodiment of the invention step S107 machines;
Figure 14 is the crank shaft blank front view after first embodiment of the invention step S108 machines;
Figure 15 is the crank section front view after first embodiment of the invention step S109 machines;
Figure 16 is the crank front view after first embodiment of the invention step S110 machines;
Figure 17 is the assembled state figure that second embodiment of the invention needs the built-up crankshaft of processing;
Figure 18 is the released state figure that second embodiment of the invention needs the built-up crankshaft of processing;
Figure 19 is the flow chart of second embodiment of the invention;
Figure 20 is the crank shaft blank front view of second embodiment of the invention;
Figure 21 is the crank shaft blank front view after second embodiment of the invention step S202 machines;
Figure 22 is the crank shaft blank front view after second embodiment of the invention step S203 machines;
Figure 23 is the front view of the locating piece of the special fixture that second embodiment of the invention adopts;
Figure 24 is the sectional view of the locating piece of the special fixture that second embodiment of the invention adopts;
Figure 25 is the crank shaft blank front view after second embodiment of the invention step S204;
Figure 26 is the crank shaft blank front view after second embodiment of the invention step S205 machines;
Figure 27 is the crank shaft blank front view after second embodiment of the invention step S206 completes;
Figure 28 is the crank shaft blank front view after second embodiment of the invention step S207 machines;
Figure 29 is the crank shaft blank front view after second embodiment of the invention step S208 machines;
Figure 30 is the crank section front view after second embodiment of the invention step S209 machines;
Figure 31 is the crank front view after second embodiment of the invention step S210 machines.
Detailed description of the invention
First embodiment of the invention provides a kind of method of processing built-up crankshaft.In the present embodiment, this built-up crankshaft specifically comprises the crank made separately being positioned at crankshaft two end for a pair, and is positioned at the built-up crankshaft of middle crutches three part compositions.The front view of the complete bent axle that Fig. 1 is formed after the assembling of this built-up crankshaft is shown; Fig. 2 illustrate this built-up crankshaft unassembled before situation when being in released state.The number of patent application that the applicant that also can mention with reference to background technology part about the detailed construction of this bent axle proposes is the Chinese patent of 200810226417.4.
Can find out, this bent axle comprises the first crank 1, crutches 2 and the second crank 3.
Described first crank 1 and the second crank 3 have identical structure, are cylindrical piece, and cylindrical piece are respectively arranged with the first crank taper hole 1-1, the second crank taper hole 3-1 that are offset to side.The outer peripheral face of the first crank 1 and the second crank 3 all uses as the trunnion of bent axle.
Described crutches 2 comprise the first crank-pin 2-1, maneton 2-2, the second crank-pin 2-3 tri-sections.The axis of described first crank-pin 2-1 and described second crank-pin 2-3 all with the axis being parallel of trunnion 2-2, and be positioned at the equidistant both sides of maneton 2-2 axis.
Bent axle after assembling, the axis of described trunnion 2-2 and the first crank 1, second crank 3 three forms crankshaft center line.For this bent axle, need the mutual morpheme relation of the crank pin axis guaranteeing crankshaft center line and two crank-pins, be namely parallel to each other and there is between axis the distance of setting.Described crankshaft center line is made up of jointly the axis of above-mentioned first crank 1, crutches 2 and the second crank 3 three individual part, if three parts are processed respectively, then can owing to there is not common machining benchmark, and the axis of formation is difficult on same straight line; In addition, the axis of this axis and crank-pin is difficult to ensure parallel.For the bent axle after ensureing assembling can obtain required morpheme relation, need the special processing process taked.Namely first embodiment of the invention provides a kind of processing technology that can ensure the morpheme relation of the bent axle after assembling.Also use a kind of special fixture in this embodiment, this special fixture is the embodiment of special fixture provided by the invention.
Please refer to Fig. 3, this illustrates the flow chart of the method for the processing crank round slider built-up crankshaft that first embodiment of the invention provides.Be after the different processing stages of the method for the processing crank round slider built-up crankshaft that first embodiment of the invention provides completes referring to Fig. 4-Fig. 6 and Fig. 9-Figure 15, above-mentioned figure, the front elevational schematic of crank shaft blank.Fig. 7, Fig. 8 are then the schematic diagrames of the fixture used in this processing method.
Step S101, adopts the crank shaft blank with complete bent axle shape as processing raw material.
Fig. 4 illustrates the complete unprocessed state of this crank shaft blank.As shown in Figure 4, this crank shaft blank obtains by modes such as forging, castings, and the entity to be processed of three parts of composition built-up crankshaft is all on this crank shaft blank.This crank shaft blank has been shaped to the form of bent axle, comprise the first crank section 1 ', the second crank section 3 ', crutches section 2 ', the end of two crank-pin sections of described crutches section 2 ', is connected to the first crank section 1 ' and the second crank 3 ' respectively by First Transition section 2 '-1-1, the second changeover portion 2 '-3-1.The diameter of described First Transition section 2 '-1-1, the second changeover portion 2 '-3-1 is less than the diameter of crank-pin section.The outer surface of above-mentioned blank is coarse, needs to carry out processing just can reach required size, and its size is processing further and has reserved surplus.
Step S102, the outer peripheral face of clamping crank shaft blank, both ends of the surface machining center hole A axially, and cutting crankshaft two end face is plane.
The fixture of clamping crank shaft blank can be the fixture of V-type, is clamped in by crank shaft blank in the middle of V-type position, then carries out the processing of machining center hole and cutting plane.The outer peripheral face of concrete clamping is advisable with the outer peripheral face of the first crank section 1 ' and the second crank section 2 ', does not also get rid of the outer peripheral face of gripper crank pin section.
Above-mentioned is the step of plane in both ends of the surface machining center hole and cutting crankshaft two end face, and order can be put upside down.That is, namely can cutting plane after first centering, also can centering behind first cutting plane.Consider centre bore at follow-up needs as positioning datum, and at the Surface Machining centre bore of blank, its quality can be affected, and advises centering behind first cutting plane.Cut the method for both ends of the surface can adopt any in prior art can the method for cutting plane, comprise milling, turning, mill, plane etc., what relatively may adopt is the above two.The centre bore drill bit of special centering, needs centre bore to break into have suitable tapering, be convenient to be mated top with this centre bore for benchmark holds this crank shaft blank.
The front schematic view of the crank shaft blank after machining is shown in Fig. 5.
Step S103, with both ends of the surface centre bore for benchmark, at the two ends of crank shaft blank axis, inwardly processes one section of outer peripheral face from end face respectively, obtains and is positioned at crank shaft blank two ends and the smooth outer peripheral face B with same diameter requirement.
So-called with both ends of the surface centre bore for benchmark, namely toply withstand crank shaft blank with what match with the tapering of centre bore, like this, namely crank shaft blank obtains reliable location.The line of centre bore is exactly the axis that crank shaft blank is processed further.By top rotation, adopt turnery processing crank shaft blank can be processed one section of outer peripheral face from inward at both ends.In the present embodiment, the diametric requirements being positioned at the outer peripheral face at two ends is equal, and the length of processing is also equal, is convenient to production and processing like this, is also convenient to and the coordinating of special fixture.Certainly, different diameters can be processed as completely.Like this, the special fixture used below then needs the different locating piece of use two inner stopper internal diameters to combine, obviously not too reasonable, also there is no need; Certainly, do not get rid of and in particular cases adopt this kind of mode as the case may be.The concrete cutting process of this step is except turning, and the scheme that may adopt under can adopting any prior art, also might as well adopt the new possible scheme along with technical development produces, in a word, as long as process this section of smooth outer peripheral face.The front schematic view of the crank shaft blank after machining is shown in Fig. 6.
Step S104, fixes above-mentioned crank shaft blank and special fixture.
Described special fixture comprises a pair by the locating piece of location structure positioning clamping at crank shaft blank two ends, and can connect the connector of above-mentioned locating piece.
Please refer to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the above-mentioned structure illustrating locating piece.Wherein Fig. 7 shows the front view of locating piece, and Fig. 8 illustrates the sectional view of this locating piece.
Described locating piece 4 entirety is square tabular, and its one side is provided with a circle inner stopper 4-1, and the outer peripheral face external diameter of the internal diameter of this inner stopper and the crank shaft blank end after processing matches.In this inner stopper 4-1, be one smooth against plane 4-2; Described three place's through holes are set in plane 4-2.Comprise the first crank-pin locating hole 4-3, central through hole 4-4, the second crank-pin locating hole 4-5, the center of circle of three forms straight line at vertical direction.
Described central through hole 4-4 is positioned at the center against plane 4-2 of this locating piece 4 inner stopper 4-1, i.e. the home position of inner stopper 4-1, and is the female screwed hole of tool.Certainly, this central through hole 4-4 also can be set to unthreaded hole.
Described first crank-pin locating hole 4-3, the second crank-pin locating hole 4-5 are then positioned at the both sides of above-mentioned central through hole 4-4, and the distance in the first crank-pin locating hole 4-3, the center of circle of the second crank-pin locating hole 4-4 and the center of circle of described central through hole 4-4 equals the distance between the crankshaft center line of bent axle and crank pin axis.
Position outside the inner stopper 4-1 of locating piece 4, specific in the present embodiment, be the corner of locating piece 4, arrange through hole 4-6 respectively, above-mentioned through hole 4-6 can pass through stay bolt.Use one group of four stay bolt as connector, relative two locating pieces 4 can be linked together.
The locating piece 4 of above-mentioned special fixture is sleeved on above-mentioned smooth outer peripheral face B from the crank shaft blank two ends shown in Fig. 6 with inner stopper 4-1, locating piece 4 is rotated to suitable position; Cylindrical section had the described central through hole 4-4 of externally threaded top screw-in, the top tip of its taper is withstood on the centre bore A accomplished fluently of described crank shaft blank, can ensure that the centre bore A that the central through hole 4-4 of this locating piece 4 and crank shaft blank end face have been got is coaxial like this.Then, use stay bolt through above-mentioned through hole 4-6, re-use the connectors such as nut and coordinate, the locating piece 4 at two ends can be fixed as one.Due to top and cooperation that is centre bore, and the locking of bolt, the locating piece 4 and the crank shaft blank that make to be positioned at two ends form an entirety, and, locating piece 4 is under top effect, its central through hole 4-4 is consistent with the central hole location of crank shaft blank end face, and the precision of locating for follow-up crank-pin is given security.
Described locating piece 4 is rotated to correct position, even if the crank-pin locating hole line of two locating pieces 4 is by the approximate centre position of crank shaft blank crank-pin section, specifically, namely the line of the hole heart of the first crank-pin locating hole 4-3 of two locating pieces 4 passes through the axis of the first crank-pin section 2 '-1, and the line of the hole heart of the second crank-pin locating hole 4-5 of two locating pieces 4 passes through the axis of the second crank-pin section 2 '-3.Certainly, can only be axial location roughly above by crank-pin section axis, because this bent axle is still in green state, and outer peripheral face is rough, its axis is difficult to determine, and relying on artificial naked eyes location also can not be very accurate, as long as roughly almost, because blank provides enough allowance, follow-up processing can determine real crank pin axis, and this crank pin axis is exactly that this location is determined in theory.Situation after this fixture and crank shaft blank fixedly complete as shown in Figure 9.In this schematic diagram, positioning block of clamp part have employed sectional view, to see the position in its each hole and the relation of crank shaft blank clearly.
Step S105, with first crank-pin locating hole 4-3, the second crank-pin locating hole 4-5 of drill bit by described locating piece 4, gets first crank-pin centre bore C1, C2 and second crank-pin centre bore C3, C4 in crank shaft blank both ends of the surface.
Due to above-mentioned locating piece 4 being provided with crank-pin locating hole, and two locating pieces 4 arrange crank-pin locating hole on identical position, by the connection of stay bolt and the positioning action of centre bore, be positioned on the locating piece 4 at two ends, corresponding crank-pin locating hole is just in time relative.As long as drill bit can get crank-pin centre bore in the satisfactory position on the finished end face of crank shaft blank by this hole.In the present embodiment, need altogether to get four crank-pin centre bores in crank shaft blank both ends of the surface, wherein C1, C2 are the first crank-pin centre bore, and C3, C4 are the second crank-pin centre bore.Crank shaft blank front view after machining is shown in Figure 10.
In order to have better locating effect, also can add the drill bushing 5 shown in Figure 11 in crank-pin locating hole, the position of such drill bit punching can be more accurate.
Due to crank-pin centre bore positioning datum as processing crank-pin in subsequent handling, the centre bore tapering therefore processed needs and follow-up top taper fit, and surface also needs smooth enough.
Step S106, removes fixture.
This step is that subsequent handling is prepared.Remove the crank shaft blank after fixture as shown in figure 12.
Step S107, each section of outer peripheral face of machining crankshafts.
The precedence of processing each section of outer peripheral face can arbitrarily arrange as required, specifically processes as follows.
1, take centre bore as positioning datum, once clamping after, maneton 2 '-2 outer peripheral face of the crutches section 2 ' of machining crankshafts blank, and the outer peripheral face of the first crank section 1 ', the second crank section 3 ' outer peripheral face.Above-mentioned outer peripheral face forms the trunnion outer peripheral face of bent axle jointly, in fact these outer peripheral faces determine the axis of bent axle, and above-mentioned three sections of outer peripheral faces require coaxial, therefore, must process with identical positioning datum, could ensure preferably to be really in each other on same axis.In the present embodiment, three sections of outer peripheral faces all with the centre bore of crank shaft blank end face for positioning datum is processed, and clamped one time aft-loaded airfoil three sections of outer peripheral faces, make its axiality each other obtain good guarantee.
2, with described first crank-pin centre bore C1, C2 for positioning datum, with top clamp this crank shaft blank from two ends after, process the first crank-pin section 2 '-1 each section of outer peripheral face, comprise the outer peripheral face of the changeover portion 2 '-1-1 of the outer peripheral face of crank-pin cylindrical section, the conical surface of crank-pin front end, crank-pin and crank.Because above-mentioned crank-pin centre bore all ensure that the distance of itself and centre bore by fixture, therefore, can ensure that the axis of the crank-pin processed and the distance of crankshaft center line meet the requirements.
3, same, with described second crank-pin centre bore C3, C4 for positioning datum, with top clamp this crank shaft blank from two ends after, process the second crank-pin each section of outer peripheral face, comprise the changeover portion 2 '-3-1 outer peripheral face of the outer peripheral face of crank-pin cylindrical section, the conical surface of crank-pin front end, crank-pin and crank.
Above-mentioned three processing are with three pairs of locating holes for benchmark, and processing has the coaxial each section of outer peripheral face required respectively at every turn, can guarantee the requirement of the axiality of each section.In above-mentioned steps, after each clamping, also should process the part that some other needs carry out with this positioning datum processing, such as simultaneously, the processing of the first crank-pin 2 '-1 and position, trunnion 2 '-2 boundary, need with first crank-pin centre bore C1, C2 for positioning datum in process.These details arrange according to the manufacture requirements of part manufacture, meet general technique general knowledge, because concrete part has many changes in detail, no longer describe in detail at this.In a word, each clamping all should complete the processing of relative dimensions under this all positioning datums as far as possible by clamped one time.
Crank shaft blank after this step completes as shown in figure 13.
Step S108, cuts this bent axle perpendicular to crankshaft center line, and be divided into crank section, crutches section, wherein crank section comprises the changeover portion of described crank-pin and crank.
The present embodiment is needed to the bent axle manufactured, only need the cutting carrying out perpendicular to crankshaft center line in the endface position of the first crank-pin section 2 '-1 of crutches section 2 ' and the cone end of the second crank-pin section 2 '-3, cut this bent axle.After this step machines, namely can obtain individual part crutches 2, without the need to further processing.Certainly, if after this step completes, still there is the part not meeting manufacture requirements in the crank-pin front end conical surface of crutches 2, also can process the end face of crank-pin as required, as grinding etc., the length of crank-pin end finish and crank-pin is made to meet dimensional requirement.
After above-mentioned cutting completes, described crank section not yet machines, and the first crank section 1 ' comprises First Transition section 2 '-1-1, the second crank section 3 ' comprises the second changeover portion 2 '-3-1, and the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned changeover portion is all processed in step S107.The schematic diagram of the crank shaft blank after this step completes as shown in figure 14.
Step S109, with the changeover portion outer peripheral face on each crank for benchmark, centered by the crank-pin centre bore on the outer face of this crank, the taper hole that processing is corresponding with crank-pin front-end-cone face on crank.
As mentioned above, the crank section after cutting also comprises corresponding changeover portion, and the effect of this changeover portion is, for the processing of this step provides positioning datum.By clamping this changeover portion, namely with the axis of changeover portion for machining benchmark, the processing of the taper hole of crank can be carried out.This machining benchmark is very important for the taper hole matched with the conical surface of crank-pin front end on processing crank.Because for the complete bent axle being assembled into one, the axis of the taper hole on crank must and crank-pin axis point-blank, this just need both there is common machining benchmark.In the method, the benchmark of processing changeover portion outer peripheral face is crank-pin centre bore, and the processing of the crank-pin front end conical surface adopts same machining benchmark.In this step with changeover portion outer peripheral face for the taper hole described in benchmark processing, be then equivalent to indirectly with crank-pin centre bore for benchmark.Certainly, said reference conversion can produce the deviation of twice clamping generation, and the deviation that the mismachining tolerance such as the actual axis of the changeover portion outer peripheral face processed and described crank-pin centre bore line incomplete coincidence causes.But if directly carry out the processing of crank taper hole with crank section outer peripheral face for positioning datum, be then equivalent to aforesaid centre bore for benchmark carries out the processing of crank taper hole, and the relation of crank-pin centre bore line is farther, the deviation caused is larger.Therefore, adopt this processing scheme obviously more reasonable.Crank section after processing is as Figure 15.
Step S110, excises the additional length of the changeover portion of crank section and axis, obtains the crank of required size.
By this step, satisfactory first crank 1 and the second crank 3 can be obtained.This crank by the crank-pin front end cone match of its taper hole and the aforementioned crutches 2 machined, can form complete bent axle.Processing rear crank as shown in figure 16.
Certainly, above-mentioned bent axle also needs the locating hole processing crank and crutches combination further, this locating hole is the dowel hole of the interface location of the crank-pin front end conical surface and crank taper hole, process at rigging position accurately after needing two parts to combine, and need the cooperation of relevant fixture.Owing to being not inventive point of the present invention, skip at this.
In above-mentioned first embodiment, provide a kind of method that processing has the built-up crankshaft of two sections of crank-pins, the method is equally applicable to the processing of the bent axle with multistage crank-pin, crank-pin due to the bent axle of multistage crank-pin also only has two axis, namely with the dead in line of the crank-pin in above-described embodiment, so its processing scheme is consistent, as long as when processing outer peripheral face with crank-pin centre bore location, process coaxial multiple crank-pin sections simultaneously.
Second embodiment of the invention provides a kind of processing to have the method for the built-up crankshaft of one section of crank-pin.The present embodiment needs the bent axle of processing to comprise and singly turning and two, crank independently crankshaft part.The front view of the complete bent axle that Figure 17 is formed after the assembling of this built-up crankshaft is shown; Figure 18 illustrate this built-up crankshaft unassembled before situation when being in released state.Can find out, this bent axle comprise two independently part list turn 6 and crank 7.Its morpheme concerns mandate is identical with the first embodiment.
Referring to Figure 19, this figure is the flow chart of second embodiment of the invention.
Step S201, adopts the crank shaft blank with complete bent axle shape as processing raw material.
Figure 20 illustrates the complete unprocessed state of this crank shaft blank.This crank shaft blank is by forging or casting acquisition, and the entity to be processed of two parts of composition built-up crankshaft is all on this crank shaft blank.This crank shaft blank has been shaped to the form of bent axle, comprises the singly section of turning 6 ', crank section 7 ', and the end of the crank-pin of the described singly section of turning 6 ', is connected to crank section 7 ' by changeover portion 6 '-1-1.The diameter of described changeover portion 6 '-1-1 is less than the diameter of crank-pin section 6 '-1.The outer surface of above-mentioned blank is coarse, needs to carry out processing just can reach required size, and its size is processing further and has reserved surplus.
Step S202, the outer peripheral face of clamping crank shaft blank, both ends of the surface machining center hole D axially, and cutting crankshaft two end face is plane.
The fixture of clamping crank shaft blank can be the fixture of V-type, is clamped in by crank shaft blank in the middle of V-type position, then carries out the processing of machining center hole and cutting plane.
Above-mentioned is the step of plane in both ends of the surface machining center hole and cutting crankshaft two end face, and order can be put upside down.That is, namely can cutting plane after first centering, also can centering behind first cutting plane.Consider centre bore at follow-up needs as positioning datum, and at the Surface Machining centre bore of blank, its quality can be affected, centering behind preferred first cutting plane.Cut the method for both ends of the surface can adopt any in prior art can the method for cutting plane, comprise milling, turning, mill, plane etc., certainly relatively may employing be the above two.The centre bore drill bit of special centering, needs centre bore to break into have suitable tapering, be convenient to be mated top with this centre bore for benchmark holds this crank shaft blank.Crank shaft blank after processing is as Figure 21.
Step S203, with both ends of the surface centre bore for benchmark, at the two ends of crank shaft blank axis, inwardly processes one section of outer peripheral face from end face respectively, obtains and is positioned at crank shaft blank two ends and the smooth outer peripheral face E with same diameter requirement.
So-called with both ends of the surface centre bore for benchmark, namely toply withstand crank shaft blank with what match with the tapering of centre bore, like this, namely crank shaft blank obtains reliable location.The line of centre bore is exactly the axis that crank shaft blank is processed further.By top rotation, adopt turnery processing crank shaft blank can be processed one section of outer peripheral face from inward at both ends.In the present embodiment, the diametric requirements being positioned at the outer peripheral face at two ends is equal, and the length of processing is also equal, is convenient to production and processing like this, is also convenient to and the coordinating of fixture.Figure 22 is shown in by crank shaft blank schematic diagram after processing.
Step S204, fixes above-mentioned crank shaft blank and special fixture.
Described special fixture comprises a pair by the locating piece of location structure positioning clamping at crank shaft blank two ends, and can connect the connector of above-mentioned locating piece.The structure of this locating piece is substantially identical with the locating piece in above-mentioned first embodiment, and just its crank-pin locating hole only has one.This locating piece is also consistent with above-mentioned first embodiment with the fixed form of crank shaft blank, does not repeat them here.The front view of this locating piece is shown in Figure 23, and sectional view is shown in Figure 24.Locating piece and crank shaft blank fix after schematic diagram see Figure 25.
Step S205, with the crank-pin locating hole of drill bit by described locating piece, gets crank-pin centre bore in crank shaft blank both ends of the surface.Figure 26 is shown in by crank shaft blank schematic diagram after this step completes.
Step S206, removes fixture.
This step is that subsequent handling is prepared.Remove the crank shaft blank part Figure 27 after fixture.
Step S207, each section of outer peripheral face of machining crankshafts.
The precedence of processing each section of outer peripheral face can arbitrarily arrange as required, specifically processes as follows.
1, take centre bore as positioning datum, once after clamping, the maneton outer peripheral face of the singly section of turning 6 ' of machining crankshafts blank, and the outer peripheral face of crank section 7 '.Above-mentioned outer peripheral face forms the trunnion outer peripheral face of bent axle jointly, determines the axis of bent axle, and the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned two sections must be processed with identical positioning datum, could ensure preferably to be really in each other on same axis.In the present embodiment, two sections of outer peripheral faces all with the centre bore of crank shaft blank end face for positioning datum is processed, and clamped one time aft-loaded airfoil two sections of outer peripheral faces, make its axiality each other obtain good guarantee.
2, with the crank-pin centre bore of crank shaft blank both ends of the surface for positioning datum, with top clamp this crank shaft blank from two ends after, processing crank-pin section 6 '-1 each section of outer peripheral face, comprises the changeover portion 6 '-1-1 outer peripheral face of the outer peripheral face of crank-pin cylindrical section, the conical surface of crank-pin front end, crank-pin and crank.Because above-mentioned crank-pin centre bore all ensure that the distance of itself and centre bore by fixture, therefore, can ensure that the axis of the crank-pin processed and the distance of crankshaft center line meet the requirements.
Figure 28 is shown in by the schematic diagram of the crank shaft blank after machining.
Step S208, cuts this bent axle perpendicular to crankshaft center line, is divided into crank section, the singly section of turning, and wherein crank section comprises the changeover portion of crank-pin and crank.
The present embodiment is needed to the bent axle manufactured, only need the cutting carrying out perpendicular to crankshaft center line in the endface position of the cone end of the crank-pin 6 '-1 singly turning 6 ', cut this bent axle.After this step machines, namely can obtain individual part list and turn 6, without the need to further processing.Certainly, if after this step completes, still there is the part not meeting manufacture requirements in the crank-pin front end conical surface singly turning 6, also can process the end face of crank-pin as required, as grinding etc., the length of crank-pin end finish and crank-pin is made to meet dimensional requirement.
After above-mentioned cutting completes, described crank section not yet machines, and this crank section includes changeover portion 6 '-1-1, and the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned changeover portion is processed in step S207.Bent axle after having cut as shown in figure 29.
Step S209, with described changeover portion outer peripheral face for benchmark, centered by the crank-pin centre bore on the outer face of this crank, at the taper hole that the upper processing of crank section 7 ' is corresponding with crank-pin front-end-cone face.Crank section after machining is shown in Figure 30.
Step S210, excises the additional length of the changeover portion of crank section and axis, obtains the crank of required size.
By this step, satisfactory crank 6 can be obtained.This crank by its taper hole and the aforementioned cone match singly turning the crank-pin front end of 7 machined, can form complete bent axle.Crank after machining is shown in Figure 31.
Certainly, above-mentioned bent axle also needs the locating hole processed crank further and singly turn combination, this locating hole is the dowel hole of the interface location of the crank-pin front end conical surface and crank taper hole, process at rigging position accurately after needing two parts to combine, and need the cooperation of relevant fixture.Owing to being not inventive point of the present invention, skip at this.
The processing method that above-mentioned two embodiments provided have employed, be characterized in adopting complete crank shaft blank to carry out forming the processing of each part of vuilt-up crankshaft, like this, the positioning datum of processing can be made unified, different part needs coaxial part all to adopt identical machining benchmark or adopts rational machining benchmark transition method, the former is as the processing of crank outer peripheral face and crank throw (crutches or singly turn) maneton outer peripheral face, although each several part is on different parts, equal clamped one time in this processing method, machine with same benchmark, the axiality being positioned at different part is obtained ensure.The latter is as the processing of crank-pin and crank taper hole, and by the transition of changeover portion, make both can obtain approximate positioning datum, axiality can obtain good guarantee equally.
Another feature of this processing method uses special fixture, and it is very convenient that this special fixture makes to obtain crank-pin centre bore by centre bore, ensure that the spacing of crankshaft center line and crank pin axis meets technological requirement.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. process the method for crank round slider built-up crankshaft for one kind, process by adopting special fixture, this special fixture comprises two by a pair locating piece of location structure positioning clamping at crank shaft blank two ends, described locating piece entirety is tabular, its one side is provided with a circle inner stopper, the outer peripheral face external diameter of the crank shaft blank one end after the internal diameter of this inner stopper and processing matches, and is one smooth against plane in this inner stopper; Describedly at least be provided with place's through hole against plane, this through hole is crank-pin locating hole, and its distance of center circle equals the distance between the crankshaft center line of bent axle to be processed and crank pin axis from the distance in the center of circle of described inner stopper; Position outside the inner stopper of locating piece, being provided with can by relative two location structure that locating piece links together; This special fixture also comprises the connector linked together by two locating pieces; The center against plane in described locating piece seam, namely the home position of inner stopper is provided with place's through hole, and this through hole is called central through hole; Described central through hole is unthreaded hole or screwed hole; Describedly in plane, be provided with two place's crank-pin locating holes, lay respectively at the both sides in the inner stopper center of circle; The cross section of described locating piece is square, and described location structure is the through hole being arranged on corner; The mutual positioning clamping of locating piece coordinated with crank shaft blank both ends of the surface respectively can be integrated by stay bolt when described through hole is screwed hole; It is characterized in that:
Adopt the crank shaft blank with complete bent axle shape as processing raw material;
The outer peripheral face of clamping crank shaft blank, both ends of the surface machining center hole axially, and cutting crankshaft two end face is plane;
With both ends of the surface centre bore for benchmark, at the two ends of crank shaft blank axis, inwardly process one section of outer peripheral face from end face respectively, obtain the smooth outer peripheral face being positioned at crank shaft blank two ends;
Be sleeved on above-mentioned smooth outer peripheral face from crank shaft blank two ends with inner stopper with the locating piece of described special fixture, rotated to suitable position, and be fixed as one by the locating piece of location structure by two ends; Described correct position, namely the crank-pin locating hole line of the locating piece at two ends passes through the approximate centre position of crank shaft blank crank-pin section; The outside dimension of the inner stopper internal diameter of described locating piece and the smooth outer peripheral face of its suit matches;
With the crank-pin locating hole of drill bit by described locating piece, get crank-pin centre bore in crank shaft blank both ends of the surface;
Remove fixture;
Take centre bore as positioning datum, the trunnion outer peripheral face of machining crankshafts blank, crank outer peripheral face; And with described crank-pin centre bore for positioning datum, processing crank-pin each section of outer peripheral face, comprises the changeover portion outer peripheral face of the outer peripheral face of crank-pin cylindrical section, the conical surface of crank-pin front end, crank-pin and crank;
Cut this bent axle perpendicular to crankshaft center line, be divided into crank section, crank throw section, wherein crank section comprises the changeover portion of crank-pin and crank;
With described changeover portion outer peripheral face for benchmark, centered by the crank-pin centre bore on the outer face of this crank, the taper hole that processing is corresponding with crank-pin front-end-cone face on crank;
The additional length of the changeover portion of crank section and axis is excised, obtains the crank of required size.
2. the method for processing crank round slider built-up crankshaft according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the locating piece of described special fixture has the central through hole corresponding with the centre bore of crankshaft end-face, and the center of circle of this central through hole is the center of circle of locating piece inner stopper; Fixture is rotated to suitable position, and after using location structure to be fixed as one by the locating piece at two ends, uses top, from two ends by this central through hole, withstand the centre bore be positioned in crank shaft blank both ends of the surface; This central through hole is unthreaded hole, then the external diameter on the top face of cylinder and the minor diameter fit of described central through hole, and this central through hole is screwed hole, then the top face of cylinder is the thread segment be mated, top in the screw-in mode of threaded engagement by this central through hole; Top withstand centre bore after, get the step of two groups of crank-pin centre bores described in carrying out.
3. the method for the processing crank round slider built-up crankshaft according to claims 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described with both ends of the surface centre bore for benchmark, at the two ends of crank shaft blank axis, one section of outer peripheral face is inwardly processed respectively from end face, obtain the step being arranged in the smooth outer peripheral face at crank shaft blank two ends, the smooth outer peripheral face at described two ends is the outer peripheral face with same diameter requirement and tolerance.
4. the method for the processing crank round slider built-up crankshaft according to claims 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, location structure on described special fixture is the through hole being positioned at locating piece corner, describedly to be fixed as one by the locating piece of location structure by two ends, specifically with the stay bolt through above-mentioned through hole, two locating pieces being positioned at two ends to be fixed as one.
5. the method for the processing crank round slider built-up crankshaft according to claims 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described bent axle is the bent axle with more than two sections or two sections crank-pins; The crank-pin locating hole of the locating piece of described folder special tool is two, and its line of centres is by its inner stopper center of circle.
6. the method for the processing crank round slider built-up crankshaft according to claims 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described bent axle is the bent axle with one section of crank-pin; The crank-pin locating hole of described special fixture is one.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210092007.1A CN102729002B (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2012-03-30 | The processing method of crank round slider built-up crankshaft |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210092007.1A CN102729002B (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2012-03-30 | The processing method of crank round slider built-up crankshaft |
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| CN102729002A CN102729002A (en) | 2012-10-17 |
| CN102729002B true CN102729002B (en) | 2015-10-28 |
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| CN201210092007.1A Expired - Fee Related CN102729002B (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2012-03-30 | The processing method of crank round slider built-up crankshaft |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103273286B (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2015-09-23 | 南车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | A kind of method for processing crankshaft and special tooling |
| TWI495524B (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-08-11 | Univ Chienkuo Technology | Lathe multi-eccentric fixture |
| CN104028949A (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2014-09-10 | 江苏非凡仪器仪表有限公司 | Method for processing valve element |
| CN104002107A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-08-27 | 靖江市顺达模具厂 | Machining method of agricultural vehicle speed changing box front box body |
| CN107984031A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-04 | 重庆祥祖机械有限公司 | Decompression pin flat cutting frock and decompression pin production method |
| CN112108843A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-22 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Crankshaft machining process |
| CN113146537B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-10-25 | 西安交通大学 | Combined installation tool structure and method for universal tolerance split crankshaft |
| CN113829094A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2021-12-24 | 内江金鸿曲轴有限公司 | Crankshaft center hole machining process |
| CN117548698B (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-03-12 | 无锡煤矿机械股份有限公司 | Spray pump processingequipment |
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| JPS58143904A (en) * | 1982-02-19 | 1983-08-26 | Toyoda Mach Works Ltd | Machining device for crank journal |
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| JPS58143904A (en) * | 1982-02-19 | 1983-08-26 | Toyoda Mach Works Ltd | Machining device for crank journal |
| JP4587623B2 (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2010-11-24 | コマツ工機株式会社 | Crankshaft machining line machining method |
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