CN113146537B - Combined installation tool structure and method for universal tolerance split crankshaft - Google Patents
Combined installation tool structure and method for universal tolerance split crankshaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN113146537B CN113146537B CN202110444191.0A CN202110444191A CN113146537B CN 113146537 B CN113146537 B CN 113146537B CN 202110444191 A CN202110444191 A CN 202110444191A CN 113146537 B CN113146537 B CN 113146537B
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- crank
- crankshaft
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B27/00—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combination of a general tolerance split crankshaftAccording to the combined installation method, under the condition that the machining tolerances of the two sections of crankshafts and the connecting handle are different, the crankshafts with extremely high coaxiality of two main journals can be installed, and the main journals at two ends of the combined crankshaft can reach the coaxiality level of the main journals at two ends of a high-precision integral crankshaft. When the crankshafts are assembled and installed, the center lines of the two crank pins and the center line of the main journal of the first crankshaft and the second crankshaft are not required to be in a plane; due to r A ' and r B ' the difference is only the machining dimension error, when the machining dimension error is 5 per mill of the part dimension, theta is less than or equal to 5.7 degrees, and the r generated by the theta is A ' and r B ' the ratio of reciprocating mass on the bell crank is 1:0.995, namely the unbalance amount of the reciprocating inertia force is not more than 5 per thousand, so that the balance of the reciprocating inertia force is hardly influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power mechanical engineering, relates to a crankshaft combination method, and particularly relates to a combined installation tool structure and a method of a universal tolerance split crankshaft.
Background
Along with the development of society and the improvement of people's requirement for environmental protection, the market is more and more extensive to the requirement of oil free compressor, and single-action reciprocating piston compressor adopts the piston ring of contact to seal, has the volume efficiency height, simple structure, easily realizes the advantages such as oil free compression, manufacturing cost and maintenance cost low of large pressure ratio, has good application prospect in middle-size and small-size oil free compressor field. However, in order to achieve oil-free lubrication of the cylinder, the bearing between the big end of the compressor connecting rod and the crankshaft can only adopt a sealed type grease lubricated rolling bearing, so that a combined crankshaft is proposed in the literature, and as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the whole crankshaft is composed of two single crankshafts and a connecting handle in the middle, namely, the crank pins of the two crankshafts are connected through the connecting handle.
Because the turning radiuses of the connecting handle and the crank shaft have errors during processing, the coaxiality of the main journals at the two ends of the crank shaft assembled and installed according to the existing process technology cannot be guaranteed.
In summary, a new assembling and installing tooling structure and method for a general tolerance split crankshaft are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a combined installation tool structure and a combined installation method of a universal tolerance split crankshaft, which are used for solving one or more technical problems. Under the condition that the machining tolerances of the two sections of crankshafts and the connecting handle are different, the crankshaft with two extremely high coaxiality main journals can be installed, and the coaxiality level of the main journals at the two ends of the high-precision integral crankshaft can be ensured.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a combined installation tool structure of a general tolerance split crankshaft, which comprises: the crankshaft connecting handle is connected with the crankshaft mounting seat through a connecting rod;
the crankshaft mounting seat is provided with a first bulge and a second bulge, and the first bulge and the second bulge are both provided with semicircular holes;
the first bearing cover is provided with a semicircular hole for detachably and fixedly mounting the first bearing cover on the first bulge, and the semicircular hole of the first bulge and the semicircular hole of the first bearing cover form a first mounting hole;
the second bearing cover is provided with a semicircular hole which is used for being detachably and fixedly arranged on the second bulge, and a second mounting hole is formed by the semicircular hole of the second bulge and the semicircular hole of the second bearing cover;
the crankshaft connecting handle is provided with two through holes for sleeving a crank pin of a crankshaft to be assembled and installed;
the coaxiality of the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole reaches preset precision; the diameters of the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are respectively equal to the diameter of a main journal of a crankshaft to be assembled and mounted.
The invention is further improved in that the first bulge and the second bulge are respectively arranged at two ends of the crankshaft mounting seat, and the distance between the first bulge and the second bulge is larger than the sum of the lengths of the crank pins of the two crankshafts to be assembled and mounted and smaller than the sum of the lengths of the crank pins of the two crankshafts to be assembled and mounted and the main shaft.
The invention is further improved in that the crankshaft mounting seat, the first bearing cover and the second bearing cover are detachably and fixedly mounted in a bolt connection mode.
The invention is further improved in that the coaxiality of the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole reaches 5-grade or 6-grade precision.
A further improvement of the invention is that the two crankshafts to be assembled reach tolerance requirements of class 6 or class 7 precision.
The invention relates to a combined installation method of a general tolerance split crankshaft, which is based on the combined installation tool structure and comprises the following steps:
(1) Sleeving a first rolling bearing and a second rolling bearing on crank pins of a first crank shaft and a second crank shaft respectively; placing a main journal of a first crankshaft in a first mounting hole, and fastening a first bearing cover and a crankshaft mounting seat; sleeving a crank pin of a first crank shaft into a crank connecting handle, sleeving a crank pin of a second crank shaft into the crank connecting handle, and pre-tightening the crank connecting handle and the two crank pins; the first rolling bearing is arranged between the first bulge and the crankshaft connecting handle, and the second rolling bearing is arranged between the second bulge and the crankshaft connecting handle; after pre-tightening, the relative rotation between the crank shaft connecting handle and the crank pin can be realized;
(2) Placing a main journal of a second crankshaft in a second mounting hole, and fastening a second bearing cover and a crankshaft mounting seat;
(3) The crankshaft connecting handle and the two crank pins are fastened so as not to rotate relatively;
(4) And disassembling the first bearing cover and the second bearing cover, and taking out the assembled and installed crankshaft.
The invention further improves the method and also comprises the following steps: the matching of the main journal and the bearing cover and the matching between the crank pin and the crank connecting handle are loosened, tightened and adjusted repeatedly, and finally the coaxiality of the main journal of the crank is less than or equal to 0.02mm per 100 mm.
The invention is further improved in that the step (2) includes rotating the second crank pin, selecting a position to achieve a predetermined rotational flexibility, and tightening the second bearing cap with the crankshaft mounting block bolt and the connecting shank bolt.
The invention is further improved in that two of the crank shafts are connectedThe nominal size of the center distance of the through holes is S, and the actual size of the through holes is S'; the first crank shaft has a crank radius r A Actual size r A 'the actual included angle between the radial line of the crank and the connecting handle is theta' A (ii) a The crank radius of the second crank shaft is r B Actual size r B 'the actual included angle between the radial line of the crank and the connecting handle is theta' B (ii) a Wherein r is A ’≦r B ' or r A ’≧r B ’；S’≦r A ’+r B ’；S’＝r A ’cosθ A ’+r B ’cosθ B ’；θ’ A ＝arcos[s’/(2r’ A )]Or θ' B ＝arcos[s’/(2r’ B )]；
When the machining dimension error is less than or equal to 1.5% per mill, the actual included angle theta between the radial line of the crank and the connecting handle' A Or theta' B 3.97 DEG ≦; r produced thereby A And r B The ratio of reciprocating mass on the crank throw is 1:0.996, the unbalance of the reciprocating inertia force is less than or equal to 4 per mill; or machining dimension errors are 5% o of the dimension of the part, and an actual included angle theta 'between a radial line of the crank and the connecting handle' A Or theta' B 5.7 DEG ≦ r produced therefrom A ' and r B ' the ratio of reciprocating mass on the bell crank is 1:0.995, and the unbalance amount of the reciprocating inertia force is less than or equal to 5 per mill.
The invention is further improved in that the two crank pin central lines and the main journal central lines of the first crank shaft and the second crank shaft are or are not in a plane.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the combined installation method, under the condition that the machining tolerance of the two sections of crankshafts and the machining tolerance of the connecting handle are different, the crankshafts with extremely high coaxiality of two main journals can be installed, and the main journals at two ends of the combined crankshafts can reach the coaxiality level of the main journals at two ends of a high-precision integral crankshaft.
When the crankshafts are assembled and installed, the center lines of the two crank pins and the center line of the main journal of the first crankshaft and the second crankshaft are not required to be in a plane. Due to r A ' and r B The difference of' is only the problem of machining dimension error, when the machining dimension error is 5 per mill of the dimension of the part, the actual included angle theta between the radial line of the crank and the connecting handle is less than or equal to 5.7 degrees, and the r generated by the included angle theta is A ' and r B ' the ratio of reciprocating mass on the bell crank is 1:0.995, namely the unbalance amount of the reciprocating inertia force is not more than 5 per thousand, so that the balance of the reciprocating inertia force is hardly influenced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art are briefly introduced below; it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art assembled crankshaft requiring installation;
FIG. 2 isbase:Sub>A schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of the relationship between crank radius and crank center distance on a compound crankshaft;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the actual dimensional relationship between the crank throw radius and the crank length; wherein (a) in fig. 4 is a first shaft end schematic view, and (b) in fig. 4 is a second shaft end schematic view;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a crankshaft assembly fixture;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a crankshaft installed in a tool;
in the figure, 11, the first crankshaft; 12. a second crank shaft; 13. the crank shaft is connected with the handle; 14. a crankshaft mounting seat; 15. a first bearing cover; 16. a second bearing cover; 17. a first rolling bearing; 18. a second rolling bearing.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, technical effect and technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following clearly and completely describes the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is to be understood that the described embodiments are part of the present invention. Other embodiments, which can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the disclosed embodiments without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 3 to 6, a method for assembling and installing a split crankshaft with common tolerances according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) Two crankshafts are machined according to the usual tolerance requirements of 6-or 7-degree accuracy, the first crankshaft 11 having a crank radius r A The crank radius of the second crank axle 12 is r B ；r A And r B The nominal dimensions of (a) are all taken to be the same value. The nominal dimension of the center-to-center distance of the crank throw 13 is S. The relationship between the above three nominal dimensions is shown in fig. 3, and fig. 3 is a graph of the relationship between the crank radius and the crank center distance on the combined crankshaft, and the relationship should be as follows:
r A ＝r B ；(1)
r A +r B ＝S；(2)
r 'for the actual sizes of the three components' A ，r’ B And S', the relationship between them is shown in FIG. 4, and the following mathematical conditions are satisfied:
r A ’≦r B ', or r A ’≧r B ’；(3)
S’≦r A ’+r B ’；(4)
When the crankshaft assembly of the embodiment of the present invention is assembled, the two crankpin center lines and the main journal center line of the first crankshaft 11 and the second crankshaft 12 are not necessarily required to be in a plane. Thus, there are two end view conditions as shown in FIG. 4. Due to r A ' and r B The difference of' is only the problem of machining size error, and is obtained according to the geometric principle:
S'＝r A 'cosθ A ’+r B 'cosθ B ’
θ A ’≈arcos[s’/(2r A ')]or θ' B ≈arcos[s’/(2r B ')]
That is, when the machining dimension error is 5 per mill of the dimension of the part, the actual included angle theta between the radial line of the crank and the connecting handle is less than or equal to 5.7 degrees,
r produced thereby A ' and r B ' the ratio of reciprocating mass on the bell crank is 1:0.995, namely the unbalance amount of the reciprocating inertia force is not more than 5 per thousand, so that the balance of the reciprocating inertia force is hardly influenced.
(2) A crankshaft mounting tool is manufactured according to the length size and the diameter size of main bearings at two ends of a crankshaft, as shown in figure 5, the coaxiality of two holes is required to reach 5-level or 6-level precision, and the diameters of inner circular holes of a first bearing cover 15 and a second bearing cover 16 in figure 5 are equal to the diameter of a main journal of the crankshaft. A connecting bolt hole is arranged between the bearing seat and the bearing cover and is used for fixedly connecting the bearing seat and the bearing cover;
(3) As shown in fig. 6, the first rolling bearing 17 and the second rolling bearing 18 are respectively sleeved on the crank pins of the two first crank shafts 11 and the two second crank shafts 12, then the main journal of the first crank shaft 11 is placed in the shaft hole of the crank shaft mounting seat 14 and is fastened by a bolt, and then is sleeved on the crank connecting handle 13, and the crank pin of the second crank shaft 12 is inserted into the other hole of the crank connecting handle 13, the bearing cover of the main journal of the second crank shaft 12 is fastened, and the connecting handle is fastened by the bolt of the connecting handle, but the rotation between the connecting handle and the crank pin can also occur.
(4) The bearing cap of the main journal of the second crankshaft 12 is loosened and fastened again and the crank pin of the second crankshaft 12 is rotated again, at this time, the crank pin rotated leftward or rightward is blocked, the more flexible crank pin position of the second crankshaft 12 is selected, the main journal of the second crankshaft 12 is loosened and fastened again, and then the fastening bolt on the crankshaft connecting handle 13 is fastened again. Sometimes, the matching between the main journal and the bearing cap and the matching between the crank pin and the connecting handle need to be loosened, tightened and adjusted repeatedly, so that high assembling precision can be achieved.
(5) And opening the two bearing covers on the mounting seat, and taking out the mounted crankshaft to finish the combined mounting of the crankshaft.
In the embodiment of the invention, a crankshaft mounting tool is manufactured according to the length size and the diameter size of main bearings at two ends of a crankshaft as shown in FIG. 5, two ends of a mounting seat are respectively provided with a mounting hole, the coaxiality of two holes is required to reach 5-grade or six-grade precision, two bearing covers with semicircular holes are cut off in a wire cutting mode, and connecting bolt holes are formed in the bearing seat and the bearing covers.
In the embodiment of the present invention, for example, for a combined crankshaft, the crank radius of the first crank shaft 11 is 25.02mm, the crank radius of the second crank shaft 12 is 24.96mm; the actual processing size of the center distance of the crankshaft connecting handle 13 is 49.85mm; after the crank shaft is installed according to the technical scheme of the invention, the included angle between the radial line of the crank radius of the crank shaft and the connecting handle is as follows:
θ＝arcos(s’/(r A ’))＝arcos(49.85/(2X25.02))＝4.99°
if the crank radius is unchanged and S =49.92mm, then θ =3.97 °.
The difference of the inertia forces of two rows of equal mass is 2.4 per mill.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make modifications and equivalents to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents are within the scope of the claims of the present invention as hereinafter claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A combined installation method of a universal tolerance split crankshaft is characterized in that,
the combined installation method is based on a combined installation tool structure; the combined installation tool structure comprises: the crankshaft connecting handle is connected with the crankshaft mounting seat through a connecting rod; the crankshaft mounting seat is provided with a first bulge and a second bulge, and the first bulge and the second bulge are both provided with semicircular holes; the first bearing cover is provided with a semicircular hole which is used for being detachably and fixedly arranged on the first bulge, and the semicircular hole of the first bulge and the semicircular hole of the first bearing cover form a first mounting hole; the second bearing cover is provided with a semicircular hole which is used for being detachably and fixedly arranged on the second bulge, and a second mounting hole is formed by the semicircular hole of the second bulge and the semicircular hole of the second bearing cover; the crankshaft connecting handle is provided with two through holes for sleeving a crank pin of a crankshaft to be assembled and installed; the coaxiality of the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole reaches preset precision; the diameters of the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are respectively equal to the diameter of a main journal of a crankshaft to be assembled and mounted;
the combined installation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Sleeving a first rolling bearing and a second rolling bearing on crank pins of a first crank shaft and a second crank shaft respectively; placing a main journal of a first crankshaft in a first mounting hole, and fastening a first bearing cover and a crankshaft mounting seat; sleeving a crank pin of a first crank shaft into a crank connecting handle, sleeving a crank pin of a second crank shaft into the crank connecting handle, and pre-tightening the crank connecting handle and the two crank pins; the first rolling bearing is arranged between the first bulge and the crankshaft connecting handle, and the second rolling bearing is arranged between the second bulge and the crankshaft connecting handle; after pre-tightening, the relative rotation between the crank shaft connecting handle and the crank pin can be realized;
(2) Placing a main journal of a second crankshaft in a second mounting hole, and fastening a second bearing cover and a crankshaft mounting seat;
(3) The crankshaft connecting handle and the two crank pins are fastened so as to prevent the crankshaft connecting handle and the two crank pins from rotating relatively;
(4) And disassembling the first bearing cover and the second bearing cover, and taking out the assembled and installed crankshaft.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second protrusions are respectively disposed at two ends of the crankshaft mounting seat, and the distance between the first and second protrusions is greater than the sum of the lengths of the crank pins of the two crankshafts to be assembled and mounted, and less than the sum of the lengths of the crank pins of the two crankshafts to be assembled and mounted and the length of the main shaft.
3. The method for assembling and installing a universal tolerance split crankshaft according to claim 1, wherein the crankshaft mounting seat is detachably and fixedly installed with the first bearing cover and the second bearing cover in a bolt connection mode.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first and second mounting holes are coaxial to a degree of precision of 5 or 6.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the two crankshafts to be assembled meet a tolerance requirement of 6 or 7 degrees of accuracy.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: the matching of the main journal and the bearing cover and the matching between the crank pin and the crank connecting handle are loosened, tightened and adjusted repeatedly, and finally the coaxiality of the main journal of the crank is less than or equal to 0.02mm per 100 mm.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (2) comprises rotating the second crank pin, selecting a position at which a predetermined rotational flexibility is achieved, and tightening the second bearing cap with the crank mounting block bolt and the connecting shank bolt.
8. The method for assembling and installing a universal tolerance split crankshaft according to claim 1, wherein the nominal size of the center distance between the two through holes of the crankshaft connecting handle is S, and the actual size of the center distance is S'; the first crank shaft has a crank radius r A Actual size r A 'the actual included angle between the radial line of the crank and the connecting handle is theta' A (ii) a The crank radius of the second crank shaft is r B With a true dimension of r B 'the actual included angle between the radial line of the crank and the connecting handle is theta' B (ii) a Wherein r is A ’≦r B ' or r A ’≧r B ’；S’≦r A ’+r B ’；S’＝r A ’cosθ A ’+r B ’cosθ B ’；θ’ A ＝arcos[s’/(2r’ A )]Or θ' B ＝arcos[s’/(2r’ B )]；
When the machining dimension error is less than or equal to 1.5 thousandth, the actual included angle theta between the radial line of the crank and the connecting handle' A Or theta' B 3.97 DEG ≦; r produced thereby A And r B The ratio of reciprocating mass on the crank throw is 1:0.996, the unbalance amount of the reciprocating inertia force is less than or equal to 4 per thousand; or the machining dimension error is 5 thousandth of the dimension of the part, and the actual included angle theta between the radial line of the crank and the connecting handle' A Or theta' B 5.7 DEG ≦ r produced therefrom A ' and r B ' the ratio of reciprocating mass on the bell crank is 1:0.995, and the unbalance amount of the reciprocating inertia force is less than or equal to 5 per thousand.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the crank pin center line and the main journal center line of the first crank shaft and the second crank shaft are in a plane or not.
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| CN202110444191.0A CN113146537B (en) | 2021-04-23 | 2021-04-23 | Combined installation tool structure and method for universal tolerance split crankshaft |
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| CN202110444191.0A CN113146537B (en) | 2021-04-23 | 2021-04-23 | Combined installation tool structure and method for universal tolerance split crankshaft |
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| CN113146537B true CN113146537B (en) | 2022-10-25 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5253417A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1993-10-19 | Geenral Motors Corporation | Method of manufacturing crankshafts |
| CN102729002A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-10-17 | 北京中清能发动机技术有限公司 | Method for machining combined crankshaft of crank round slide block and special clamp therefor |
| CN103769810A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-05-07 | 河北汉光重工有限责任公司 | Technology for controlling coaxiality precision of U-shaped support combination |
| CN106312813A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-01-11 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Crankshaft connecting rod shaft diameter processing tooling system |
| CN108591242A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-09-28 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of vuilt-up crankshaft |
| CN209062270U (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-07-05 | 杨凌美畅新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of two-semiaxle concentricity adjustment tooling |
| CN112032508A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-04 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Adjusting method of theodolite pitching axis for astronomical observation |
| CN112222741A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-01-15 | 上海中船三井造船柴油机有限公司 | Pipe fitting welding tool and method for ensuring butt joint coaxiality |
-
2021
- 2021-04-23 CN CN202110444191.0A patent/CN113146537B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5253417A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1993-10-19 | Geenral Motors Corporation | Method of manufacturing crankshafts |
| CN102729002A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-10-17 | 北京中清能发动机技术有限公司 | Method for machining combined crankshaft of crank round slide block and special clamp therefor |
| CN103769810A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-05-07 | 河北汉光重工有限责任公司 | Technology for controlling coaxiality precision of U-shaped support combination |
| CN106312813A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-01-11 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Crankshaft connecting rod shaft diameter processing tooling system |
| CN108591242A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-09-28 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of vuilt-up crankshaft |
| CN209062270U (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-07-05 | 杨凌美畅新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of two-semiaxle concentricity adjustment tooling |
| CN112222741A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-01-15 | 上海中船三井造船柴油机有限公司 | Pipe fitting welding tool and method for ensuring butt joint coaxiality |
| CN112032508A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-04 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Adjusting method of theodolite pitching axis for astronomical observation |
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