CN102717288A - Machine tool and cutter changing method - Google Patents
Machine tool and cutter changing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102717288A CN102717288A CN201210086697XA CN201210086697A CN102717288A CN 102717288 A CN102717288 A CN 102717288A CN 201210086697X A CN201210086697X A CN 201210086697XA CN 201210086697 A CN201210086697 A CN 201210086697A CN 102717288 A CN102717288 A CN 102717288A
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- cutter
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- lathe
- tool changing
- translational speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
- B23Q3/15546—Devices for recognizing tools in a storage device, e.g. coding devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/15513—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling the tool being taken from a storage device and transferred to a tool holder by means of transfer devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q2716/00—Equipment for precise positioning of tool or work into particular locations
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a machine tool and a cutter changing method for changing a cutter accommodated in an accommodation part and a cutter arranged on a machining part for machining workpieces. The machine tool saves the weight information of each cutter in a cutter information table. The machine tool determines whether the cutter in the next process is a standard one or a heavier one based on the cutter information table. When the cutter in the next process moves from the accommodation part to a cutter changing standby position, the machine tool allows the standard cutter to move in a high speed and the heavier cutter to move in a low speed. Therefore, the machine tool can alleviate the impact generated along the moving of the cutter. The machine tool provided enables the machining of the cutter on a main shaft and the moving of the cutter in a tool magazine to parallelly carry out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to being contained in the cutter in the accommodation section and being installed in lathe and the cutter replacing method that the cutter on the processing portion that is used for workpiece is processed exchanges.
Background technology
Lathe carries out various processing such as Milling Process, tapping.Lathe has the accommodation section and the cutter-exchange mechanism of cutter.The accommodation section is used to hold multiple cutter.Cutter-exchange mechanism is used for being installed in the cutter that cutter changing on the main shaft becomes to be contained in the accommodation section.Lathe carries out various processing on one side according to processing purpose exchange cutter on one side continuously.
The lathe of record has tool magazine and tool changing arm in day disclosure special permission communique 2007 No. 130702.Tool magazine is used to hold a plurality of cutters.The tool changing arm utilizes a pair of handle part to control each cutter and be rotated and exchanges cutter.To be installed on the main shaft cutter be contained in cutter in the tool magazine when exchanging, whether each cutter that lathe is controlled a pair of handle part of tool changing arm interferes is each other judged.Lathe is carried out the tool changing action of two actions being judged to be in cutter interferes.Lathe is carried out the tool changing action of an action being judged to be in cutter do not interfere.
The tool changing arm of record has hollow in day disclosure special permission communique 2008 No. 132555 rotating shaft and arm main body.Arm main body is linked to the lower end of rotating shaft.Tool changing device is provided with lubricating grease and supplies with stream and the supplying lubricating grease circulation in the inboard of rotating shaft, to being used for the supply lubricating grease such as switching mechanism of mechanical finger (finger) to opening and closing of the inside that is located at the tool changing arm.
In above-mentioned lathe, the main shaft that cutter is installed rises, descends along vertical direction with respect to the workbench that disposes as the workpiece of processing object.When carrying out tool changing, main shaft rises until the tool change position that arrives the top.Be selected to a cutter of exchangeable object in a plurality of cutters of lathe from be contained in the accommodation section.The selected cutter of lathe moves to the tool changing position of readiness.The cutter that moves to the main shaft of tool change position is adjacent to arrange with the cutter that moves to the tool changing position of readiness in the horizontal direction.The tool changing arm is between two cutters.The tool changing arm has a pair of handle part that is used to control cutter.The state rotation that the tool changing arm is controlled cutter respectively with each handle part roughly 180 ° exchange cutter.
In order to improve the productivity ratio of lathe, the tool change time that shortens cutter is effective.In order to shorten tool change time, lathe is preferably in the moving of cutter that the first being processed that finishes current operation is accomplished subsequent processing.
A plurality of cutters that the accommodation section held are respectively applied for and carry out different processing.Therefore, the weight of each cutter is miscellaneous.The heavier cutter that in the accommodation section, makes subsequent processing move and cutter positioning that this is heavier when the tool changing position of readiness, the kinetic energy that moves thing is bigger, the impact that produces during the location is bigger.With the cutter of last operation when the accommodation section holds too, heavier cutter produces bigger impact.Therefore, there is following problem: when the heavier cutter of the parallel processing of carrying out current operation and last operation or subsequent processing mobile, because the impact that produces during the location makes the machining accuracy reduction of current operation.
The size of the impact that produces according to the weight of cutter, translational speed has to increase to have and subtracts.Therefore, can set the translational speed of cutter to such an extent that reduce impact more slowly.But when translational speed being set slow, the traveling time of cutter increases.Therefore, for the lighter cutter that does not produce bigger impact, existence can't be accomplished the problem that moves of the cutter of subsequent processing before current operation finishes, and the productivity ratio of lathe is reduced.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide following a kind of lathe and cutter replacing method, this lathe and cutter replacing method can suppress the impact because of the mobile generation of heavier cutter, can shorten the required time of tool changing.
The lathe of technical scheme 1 comprises: the accommodation section, and it is used to hold a plurality of cutters; Processing portion, it is used for mounting cutter and workpiece is processed; Tool changing portion, it is used for being installed in the cutter that cutter changing on this processing portion becomes to be contained in above-mentioned accommodation section; Moving part, it is used for making the cutter that is contained in above-mentioned accommodation section to move to the tool changing position of readiness, and this tool changing position of readiness is the position that is used to utilize above-mentioned tool changing portion to carry out tool changing; Control part, this control part comes the translational speed of utilizing the cutter that above-mentioned moving part moves is controlled according to the weight that is contained in the cutter in the above-mentioned accommodation section, and the processing that above-mentioned moving part makes moving of cutter carry out with above-mentioned processing portion is parallel to be carried out.
Lathe according to the Weight control of cutter in order to exchange and to make the translational speed of cutter when the tool changing position of readiness moves that is contained in the accommodation section to being contained in cutter in the accommodation section.For example, lathe is judged the weight of cutter with two-stage.Lathe makes the lighter cutter of weight to move to the tool changing position of readiness at a high speed.Lathe makes the heavier cutter of weight move to the tool changing position of readiness with low speed.Lathe makes cutter move to the tool changing position of readiness with low speed or high speed according to weight, therefore can reduce the impact because of the mobile generation of heavier cutter.Lathe can make the lighter cutter that does not produce bigger impact with high-speed mobile.Therefore, lathe can be owing to the impact that produces of moving that is accompanied by cutter reduces machining accuracy.Therefore can walk abreast the moving of cutter of the processing of carrying out current operation and subsequent processing of lathe, can shorten the required time of tool changing.
The lathe of technical scheme 2 also has following a kind of storage part; Cutter and the translational speed of utilizing above-mentioned moving part to move of this cutter that this storage part will be contained in the above-mentioned accommodation section are stored accordingly, above-mentioned control part so that the cutter that will exchange control based on the mode that the translational speed that is stored in the above-mentioned storage part moves.
Lathe stores and makes the cutter that is contained in the accommodation section and make the corresponding table of the translational speed of this cutter when the tool changing position of readiness moves.Lathe is selected the cutter of desire exchange from the accommodation section.Lathe makes the cutter of selection move to the tool changing position of readiness with the translational speed that is stored in the table.The user can be in advance be set in the translational speed of the weight that is suitable for cutter most in the table.Lathe can be realized moving of cutter more efficiently.
The lathe of technical scheme 3 is controlled above-mentioned control part as follows: the weight of cutter is heavy more, more utilizes moving of cutter that above-mentioned moving part carries out with low velocity; The weight of cutter is light more, at full speed utilizes moving of cutter that above-mentioned moving part carries out more.
Lathe makes the heavy more cutter of weight move to the tool changing position of readiness with low more speed.Lathe makes the light more cutter of weight move to the tool changing position of readiness with high more speed.Can make because the mobile heavier cutter that might produce bigger impact suppresses to move to the tool changing position of readiness with impacting.Can shorten and to worry to produce processing the traveling time of the lighter cutter of the impact of influence to some extent.
In the lathe of technical scheme 4,5; Above-mentioned moving part makes the cutter that is positioned at the tool changing position of readiness move to the position that is received into above-mentioned accommodation section, and above-mentioned control part comes cutter is controlled from the translational speed that the tool changing position of readiness moves to the position that is received into above-mentioned accommodation section according to the weight of this cutter.
The accommodated position of cutter to the accommodation section that lathe is finished using behind the exchange cutter moves.At this moment, lathe is according to the Weight control translational speed of cutter.Lathe is parallel to carry out making for the cutter that holds last operation that the cutter of last operation carries out moves the processing with current operation, can shorten tool change time.Can machining accuracy be reduced because of the impact that produces of moving that is accompanied by cutter.
The lathe of technical scheme 6,7,8,9 also has and is used to store the storage part that makes the instruction that cutter exchanges; Can the information of whether carrying out with the control of the corresponding translational speed of weight of cutter be imparted in the above-mentioned instruction, above-mentioned control part judges whether to carry out the control with the corresponding translational speed of weight of above-mentioned cutter according to the information in the above-mentioned instruction of being imparted to.
Lathe according to control program process successively, tool changing etc.In control program, can give and whether carry out the information relevant the instruction of tool changing with the adjustment of the corresponding translational speed of weight.Therefore, in needn't worrying the manufacturing procedure that machining accuracy reduces, can cancel control with the corresponding translational speed of weight.For example, the processing that lathe carried out comprises cut and non-cut.The machining accuracy of cut reduces because of impact.For non-cut, can not reduce machining accuracy sometimes.Through the control of cancellation in non-cut with the corresponding translational speed of weight of cutter, can make the cutter high-speed mobile, can shorten tool change time.
The cutter replacing method of technical scheme 10 is with being contained in the cutter in the accommodation section and being installed in the cutter replacing method that the cutter on the processing portion that is used for workpiece is processed exchanges; Make processing that the cutter that is contained in the above-mentioned accommodation section and above-mentioned processing portion carry out concurrently to move to the tool changing position of readiness, cutter that moves to above-mentioned tool changing position of readiness and the cutter that is installed on the above-mentioned processing portion are exchanged with the corresponding translational speed of the weight of above-mentioned cutter.
The cutter replacing method of technical scheme 10 can obtain the effect same with technical scheme 1.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the stereogram of the outward appearance of expression lathe.
Fig. 2 is the sketch map of the structure of expression tool magazine.
Fig. 3 is the sketch map of the structure of expression tool magazine.
Fig. 4 is the stereogram of the structure of expression cutter-exchange mechanism.
Fig. 5 is the stereogram of the structure of expression cutter-exchange mechanism.
Fig. 6 is the stereogram of the structure of expression tool changing arm.
Fig. 7 is the cutaway view of the internal structure of expression tool changing arm.
Fig. 8 is the sketch map of explanation tool changing action.
Fig. 9 is the sketch map of explanation tool changing action.
Figure 10 is the sketch map of explanation tool changing action.
Figure 11 is the block diagram of the structure of expression lathe.
Figure 12 be the expression cutter weight information one the example sketch map.
Figure 13 is the flow chart of the order handled of tool changing that expression is undertaken by control device.
Figure 14 is the flow chart of the order handled of tool changing that expression is undertaken by control device.
Figure 15 is the sketch map of an example of the tool-information table stored of lathe of expression variation 1.
Figure 16 be the expression variation 2 lathe control program one the example sketch map.
Figure 17 is the stereogram of outward appearance of the lathe of expression variation 3.
The specific embodiment
Following accompanying drawing with reference to the expression preferred implementation is next, and the present invention will be described.As shown in Figure 1, lathe has metal base station 1.Lathe has four jiaos shank 1a of the bottom that is located at base station 1, and shank 1a contacts with ground.The lower left of Fig. 1 is the place ahead of lathe.Lathe has the column 2 of column on base station 1.Column 2 is used to support the main tapping 4 that can move up and down along the front surface of this column 2.Main tapping 4 has main shaft 5 and cutter-exchange mechanism 7.Main shaft 5 is used to install the cutter of processing usefulness.Cutter-exchange mechanism 7 is used for the cutter changing that is installed on the main shaft 5 is become other cutters.Lathe has Z axle feeding motor 81 (with reference to Figure 11) on the top of column 2.Main tapping 4 has main shaft (processing portion) 5 in inside, main shaft 5 can rotate.Lathe has Spindle Motor 6 on the top of main tapping 4.Spindle Motor 6 is used for driving main shaft 5 and makes main shaft 5 rotations.The mode mounting cutter that main shaft 5 can load and unload with cutter in its lower end.Spindle Motor 6 makes the cutter rotation through driving main shaft 5 rotations.Z axle feeding motor 81 is used to make main tapping 4 to rise, descend.Main shaft 5 utilizes between the Working position of rising, decline and up tool change position and below of main tapping 4 and moves.Main shaft 5 has the cutter installation portion in the bottom.The cutter installation portion keeps cutter with the mode that cutter can load and unload.Lathe carries tool changing motor 27, cam mechanism etc. on main tapping 4.The cutter that tool changing motor 27, cam mechanism etc. are used to the cutter installation portion is kept breaks away from the cutter installation portion.Lathe has the workbench 8 that is configured on the base station 1 and is configured in the below of main tapping 4.The mode fixation workpiece that workbench 8 can load and unload with workpiece.Workbench motor 86 (with reference to Figure 11) is used to make workbench 8 rotations.X motor 82, Y motor 83 (with reference to Figure 11) are respectively applied for column 2 are moved along X-direction (left and right directions), Y direction (fore-and-aft direction).X motor 82, Y motor 83, workbench motor 86 are servo motors.Column 2 has tool magazine fixed part 10 in a side.Tool magazine fixed part 10 screw threads are tool magazine (with reference to Fig. 2) fixedly, is used for tool magazine can not be fixed in column 2 with respect to the mode that column 2 moves.Tool magazine 11 is used to hold a plurality of cutters.
Like Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, tool magazine 11 has transfer mechanism 14.Transfer mechanism 14 has a plurality of broach shells 13 in the front is roughly oblong housing 12.Transfer mechanism 14 has pair of sprocket 15,16, chain 17, a plurality of carriage 18.Sprocket wheel 15,16 is located at the inboard of tool magazine 11 with the mode that can rotate.Chain 17 is erected at sprocket wheel 15, between 16.A plurality of carriages 18 are fixed on the outer circumferential side of chain 17.Tool magazine 11 has tool magazine motor 19 on top.Tool magazine motor 19 is used for drive sprocket 15 and makes sprocket wheel 15 rotations.A plurality of broach shells 13 are installed in respectively on the carriage 18.Lathe utilizes 15 rotations of tool magazine motor 19 drive sprockets, and a plurality of broach shells 13 are transferred with the path of circulation with chain 17.A plurality of broach shells 13 are all being installed on the carriage 18 with respect to the mode that carriage 18 rotates.But broach shell 13 contacts with the internal face 12a of housing 12 in the most scope in its handover path.The broach shell that contacts with internal face 12a 13 is maintained in the state towards horizontal direction with the cutter of being installed 20.Housing 12 has opening 12b in lower end side.A broach shell 13 that moves to the position of opening 12b can rotate with respect to carriage 18.Broach shell 13 makes cutter 20 rotate roughly 90 ° from the state towards horizontal direction to the state towards the below.The cutter 20 that is kept at the broach shell 13 of opening 12b moves between accommodated position and tool changing position of readiness.Accommodated position is that broach shell 13 makes the position of cutter 20 towards horizontal direction.The tool changing position of readiness is broach shell 13 is waited for tool changing so that the mode of cutter 20 towards the below kept cutter 20 position.Tool magazine 11 has broach shell rotating mechanism (omitting diagram).The broach shell rotating mechanism makes broach shell 13 move to the tool changing position of readiness from accommodated position, perhaps moves to accommodated position from the tool changing position of readiness.The broach shell rotating mechanism has cylinder 84 (with reference to Figure 11) and mechanical mechanism.Cylinder 84 is drive sources of mechanical mechanism.Mechanical mechanism is used to make broach shell 13 to rotate.
Like Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, cutter-exchange mechanism 7 has the roughly shell 25 of cuboid.Shell 25 is disposed at main tapping 4.Cutter-exchange mechanism 7 has the tool changing motor 27 that is fixed on the top of shell 25 by support 26 cylindraceous.Tool changing motor 27 is positioned at the side of the Spindle Motor 6 on the top that is fixed on main tapping 4.Cutter-exchange mechanism 7 is used for supporting rotating shaft 28.Rotating shaft 28 can stretch out downwards from the through hole of the bottom of shell 25 and return.Rotating shaft 28 can rotate around axis.Cutter-exchange mechanism 7 has tool changing arm 30.Tool changing arm 30 is tabular, have in both sides control cutter 20 mechanical finger to 31.Tool changing arm 30 links with the lower end with the mode of rotating shaft 28 quadratures and rotating shaft 28, and tool changing arm 30 extends along horizontal direction.The rotating shaft of tool changing motor 27 links with the upper end of the driving shaft 29 that extends along above-below direction.Driving shaft 29 is positioned at support 26, shell 25.Extend along above-below direction the side of the driving shaft 29 of rotating shaft 28 in shell 25.Cam mechanism in the shell 25 is used for the rotation of driving shaft 29 is delivered to rotating shaft 28.
Cutter-exchange mechanism 7 is used for the mode that can make outer shaft gear 32 rotations outer shaft gear 32 being bearing in the inboard of the through hole of the bottom that is located at shell 25.Outer shaft gear 32 is used to make the mechanical finger of tool changing arm 30 to open and close 31.Outer shaft gear 32 has arm 32a on the top of outer peripheral face.Arm 32a spin rotating shaft 28 sides are extended towards oblique upper towards driving shaft 29 sides.Arm 32a has fastener on the top.Fastener engages with the planar slot cam 29d of the plane cam lower surface that is located at driving shaft 29.Therefore, outer shaft gear 32 is based on the rotation of driving shaft 29 and rotate.Outer shaft gear 32 has a pair of recess 32b at lower surface.Tool changing arm 30 has a pair of engaging pawl 35a outstanding from top.A pair of recess 32b engages pawl 35a engaging with a pair of respectively.Rotating shaft 28 with and the inboard of outer shaft gear 32 between have the inboard that the state of play inserts outer shaft gear 32.Outer shaft gear 32 rotates with respect to rotating shaft 28 independently.
As shown in Figure 8, the lathe of the processing of the current operation that is through with utilizes 30 pairs of tool changing arms employed cutter 20 in current operation with subsequent processing the cutter 20 that uses to be exchanged.At this moment, lathe makes main tapping 4 move and make main tapping 4, cutter-exchange mechanism 7 etc. move to tool change position to the top.Tool changing arm 30 utilizes manipulator that 31 pairs of cutters 20 that are installed on the main shaft 5 are controlled with the cutter that moves to the tool changing position of readiness 20 in the tool magazine 11.Lathe moves tool changing arm 30 downwards and unloads two cutters 20 from main shaft 5, tool magazine 11.About 180 ° of tool changing arm 30 rotations.Lathe makes tool changing arm 30 move to the top, and the cutter 20 of subsequent processing is installed on the main shaft 5, the cutter of finishing using 20 is contained in the broach shell 13 of tool magazine 11.
As shown in Figure 9, after tool changing finished, lathe moved main tapping 4 downwards.Working positions downwards such as main tapping 4, cutter-exchange mechanism 7 move.Lathe moves the cutter of last operation to accommodated position from the tool changing position of readiness in tool magazine 11, select the cutter 20 of subsequent processing.Lathe can roughly begin main tapping 4 mobile and cutter 20 moving in tool magazine 11 downwards simultaneously.
Shown in figure 10, after the cutter 20 of main shaft 5 arrived Working position, lathe made main shaft 5 rotations and begins workpiece 99 is processed.Lathe makes the cutter 20 of the subsequent processing of in tool magazine 11, selecting carry out concurrently to moving with the processing of workpiece 99 of tool changing position of readiness from accommodated position.After the current processing that is through with, lathe makes main tapping 4 move to the tool change position of top.60 pairs of the control device of lathe are controlled the tool changing action of the above-mentioned that kind that the cutter that is installed on the main shaft 5 20 and the cutter 20 that moves to the tool changing position of readiness exchange.Control device 60 is located at the rear side of column 2.Shown in figure 11, the control device 60 of lathe has CPU61, ROM62, RAM63, EEPROM64, input interface 65, output interface 66.CPU61 is used for the control program that is stored in ROM62 is read RAM63 and carries out this control program.CPU61 is used to carry out processed, tool changing processing of workpiece etc.ROM62 stores the required various data of the processing of the control program that CPU61 carries out etc.Control program that the interim storage of RAM63 is read from ROM62 and the various data that processing procedure, produce etc.EEPROM64 can carry out non-volatile memory component that data rewrite.EEPROM64 is used for storing handling required various data.Particularly in this embodiment, EEPROM64 is used for the weight information of cutter 20 is stored.In addition, lathe also can substitute EEPROM64 and carry non-volatile memory devices such as flash memories.
Lathe has input unit 71, arm sensor 72, Z axle sensor 73, broach shell rising sensor 74, broach shell decline sensor 75.Each sensor 72,73,74,75 is connected with the input interface 65 of control device 60.Input unit 71 adopts keyboard or touch panel etc.Input unit 71 is accepted user's operation.Arm sensor 72 is used for whether tool changing arm 30 has been risen to initial point (position of top side) and detects.Z axle sensor 73 is used for whether main shaft 5 has been risen to the tool change position that is used to exchange cutter 20 and detects.Broach shell rising sensor 74 is used for whether broach shell 31 is rotated (that is, whether cutter 20 moves to accommodated position) at opening 12b place to upside and detects.Broach shell decline sensor 75 is used for whether broach shell 31 is rotated (that is, whether cutter 20 moves to the tool changing position of readiness) at the opening 12b place of tool magazine 11 to downside and detects.Input interface 65 is used for the information that input unit 71, arm sensor 72, Z axle sensor 73, broach shell rising sensor 74, broach shell decline sensor 75 are exported is transmitted to CPU61.
Lathe has Z axle feeding motor 81, Spindle Motor 6, X motor 82, Y motor 83, tool magazine motor 19, cylinder 84, tool changing motor 27, display unit 85, workbench motor 86.Each motor 81,6,82,83,19,27,86, cylinder 84, display unit 85 are connected with the output interface 66 of control device 60.Z axle feeding motor 81 is used to make main tapping 4 to rise, descend with respect to column 2.Spindle Motor 6 is used to make main shaft 5 rotations.X motor 82, Y motor 83 are used to make column 2 to move along directions X, Y direction.Tool magazine motor 19 is used to make a plurality of broach shells 13 in the tool magazine 11 to transfer circularly.Cylinder 84 is used to make broach shell 13 to move to accommodated position or tool changing position of readiness at the opening 12b of tool magazine 11.Cylinder 84 has magnetic valve (omitting diagram).CPU61 is controlled to the responsiveness of cylinder 84 at a high speed or low speed through the control magnetic valve.Tool changing motor 27 is used to carry out cutter 20 with respect to controlling of the moving up and down of the loading and unloading of main shaft 5, tool changing arm 30, rotation and cutter 20 etc.Display unit 85 is liquid crystal panels etc.Display unit 85 is used for showing to the operating state of lathe or to user's message etc.Workbench motor 86 is used to make workbench 8 rotations.
Lathe has broach shell identification sensor 76.Broach shell identification sensor 76 has light-projecting component 77, photo detector 78, broach shell identification plate 79.Broach shell identification plate 79 is located at tool magazine 11.Broach shell identification plate 79 has the transmittance section with each broach shell 13 corresponding patterns.The CPU61 of control device 60 exports the light projector signals via output interface 66 to light-projecting component 77.Photo detector 78 is accepted to receive optical signal with the corresponding light of each pattern of transmittance section to input interface 65 outputs.CPU61 detects the situation which broach shell 13 has been transported to opening 12b according to receiving optical signal.CPU61 stops tool magazine motor 19 when utilizing broach shell identification sensor 76 to detect to have carried desired broach shell 13, makes this cutter 20 be positioned opening 12b.The weight information of cutter 20 is stored as the tool-information table by EEPROM64.Shown in figure 12, the tool-information table is stored identiflication number, weight information, positional information accordingly.Identiflication number is the numbering of a plurality of cutters that lathe is had 20 marks.Weight information is that each cutter 20 of expression is the lighter cutter (standard cutter) or the information of heavier cutter.Positional information is that each cutter 20 of expression is arranged in the perhaps information of which position of the broach shell 13 of tool magazine 11 of main shaft 5.In addition, weight information is through prejudging measuring etc. with the mobile impact of following of cutter 20.Positional information is owing to the exchange of carrying out cutter 20 changes.CPU61 carries out the renewal of positional information in the tool changing processing.
The control device 60 of lathe moves main tapping 4 downwards after utilizing tool changing arm 30 to carry out the exchange of cutter 20.Control device 60 makes the cutter that is installed on the main shaft 5 20 move to Working position.Control device 60 makes the cutter 20 of last operation move to accommodated position from the tool changing position of readiness.Be chosen in the subsequent processing the cutter 20 of control device 60 in tool magazine 11 cutter 20 that uses is transported to opening 12b with this cutter 20.Control device 60 makes the cutter 20 of the subsequent processing that is transported to opening 12b move to the tool changing position of readiness from accommodated position.Control device 60 walks abreast the selection of the cutter 20 in tool magazine 11, the processing of action and 20 pairs of workpiece 99 of cutter of main shaft 5 such as moving to carry out.When the cutter 20 of subsequent processing is heavier cutter 20, exist owing to cutter 20 produces the problem of impact from accommodated position to the kinetic energy that the tool changing position of readiness moves the cutter 20 that is produced.Particularly when making cutter 20 be parked in the tool changing position of readiness, can produce impact.Lathe produces vibration etc. owing to impacting, and the machining accuracy of the current operation that the cutter 20 of main shaft 5 is carried out reduces.The weight information of control device 60 reference tool information tables.Control device 60 is that standard cutter or heavier cutter come cutter 20 is adjusted to the speed that the tool changing position of readiness moves from accommodated position according to the cutter 20 of subsequent processing.
When accommodated position moved, owing to the kinetic energy that is produced that moves of heavier cutter 20 produces impact, the machining accuracy of current operation reduced the cutter 20 that makes last operation from the tool changing position of readiness.The weight information of control device 60 reference tool information tables.Control device 60 is that standard cutter or heavier cutter 20 come cutter 20 is adjusted to the speed that accommodated position moves from the tool changing position of readiness according to the cutter 20 of last operation.
When the cutter 20 that in tool magazine 11, moves is standard cutter, control device 60 make cutter 20 from accommodated position to the moving of tool changing position of readiness, and carry out at high speed to moving of accommodated position from the tool changing position of readiness.The translational speed of this moment can be the maximum speed that can utilize cylinder 84 to carry out.When the cutter 20 that moves was heavier cutter 20, control device 60 carried out the mobile low speed ground of cutter 20.The translational speed of heavier cutter 20 is translational speeds that machining accuracy that the cutter 20 that is installed on the main shaft 5 is carried out reduces.The translational speed of heavier cutter 20 is the values of being scheduled to.The translational speed of heavier cutter 20 is calculated etc. to the heaviest cutter in a plurality of cutters 20 that carry on lathe and is got final product.The translational speed of heavier cutter 20 preestablishes in control device 60.
Like Figure 13, shown in Figure 14, in tool changing was handled, whether the CPU61 of control device 60 finished to judge (step S1) to the processing of the current operation that the cutter 20 that is installed on the main shaft 5 is carried out.When processing does not finish (S1:NO), the CPU61 standby is to process finishing.During the process finishing of current operation (S1:YES), CPU61 drives Z axle feeding motor 81 and makes main tapping 4 begin to move (step S2) to the top.CPU61 judges (step S3) based on the testing result of Z axle sensor 73 to mobile whether completion of main tapping 4.The mobile completion of main tapping 4 is meant the mobile completion to tool change position of the cutter 20 that is installed on the main shaft 5.Mobile imperfect tense (S3:NO) of main tapping 4, the CPU61 standby is to the mobile completion of main tapping 4.During the mobile completion of main tapping 4 (S3:YES), CPU61 drives tool changing motor 27.The cutter 20 that 30 pairs of tool changing arms are installed on the main shaft 5 exchanges (step S4) with the cutter 20 that moves to the tool changing position of readiness.CPU61 drives Z axle feeding motor 81 and makes main tapping 4 beginnings move (step S5) downwards.CPU61 makes the cutter 20 that is installed on the main shaft 5 begin workpiece 99 is processed after main tapping 4 mobile completion downwards.Whether CPU61 is that heavier cutter 20 is judged (step S6) to the cutter 20 of last operation.The cutter 20 of last operation is meant in step S4 the cutter 20 that moves to tool magazine 11 from main shaft 5.When carrying out that in last operation cutter 20 is installed in the tool changing operation on the main shaft 5, CPU61 reads the weight information relevant with the cutter of last operation 20 from the tool-information table.CPU61 is kept at the information that reads in register etc., in step S6, judges based on the information of being preserved.When not being heavier cutter (S6:NO), CPU61 drives cylinder 84 and makes cutter 20 to begin to move (step S7) to accommodated position from the tool changing position of readiness at a high speed at the cutter 20 of last operation.When being heavier cutter (S6:YES), CPU61 makes cutter 20 begin to move (step S8) to accommodated position from the tool changing position of readiness with low speed at the cutter 20 of last operation.The action that CPU61 makes the cutter 20 among action that the main tapping 4 among the step S5 begins to move and step S7, the S8 begin to move is roughly carried out simultaneously.
CPU61 comes the cutter 20 of last operation is judged (step S9) to mobile whether completion of accommodated position based on the testing result of broach shell rising sensor 74.Move imperfect tense (S9:NO), the CPU61 standby is accomplished to moving.The cutter 20 of last operation is when the mobile completion of accommodated position (S9:YES), and CPU61 is that any cutter is differentiated (step S10) to the cutter 20 of subsequent processing.CPU61 reads the cutter 20 that the control program that is used for processing comes subsequent processing is used earlier and differentiates.CPU61 reads tool-information table (step S11) from EEPROM64.CPU61 obtains the accommodated position of cutter 20 in tool magazine 11 of subsequent processing according to positional information.Accommodated position in tool magazine 11 is meant cutter 20 is contained in which broach shell 13.CPU61 is any cutters in standard cutter or the heavier cutter 20 according to the cutter 20 that weight information obtains subsequent processing.CPU61 drives tool magazine motor 19 and carries broach shell 13.CPU61 utilizes broach shell identification sensor 76 to carry out the identification of broach shell 13.CPU61 makes the broach shell 13 of the cutter 20 that accommodates subsequent processing carry (step S12) to the opening 12b of tool magazine 11.CPU61 comes based on the weight information that reads from the tool-information table whether the cutter 20 to subsequent processing is that heavier cutter 20 is judged (step S13).When not being heavier cutter 20 (S13:NO), CPU61 drives cylinder 84 and makes cutter 20 to begin to move (step S14) to the tool changing position of readiness from accommodated position at a high speed at the cutter 20 of subsequent processing.When being heavier cutter 20 (S13:YES), CPU61 makes cutter 20 begin to move (step S15) to the tool changing position of readiness from accommodated position with low speed at the cutter 20 of subsequent processing.CPU61 makes the moving downwards with main tapping 4 of moving of cutter 20 among step S14, the S15, and parallel the carrying out of processing that is installed in the 20 pairs of workpiece 99 of cutter on the main shaft 5.
CPU61 comes the cutter 20 of subsequent processing is judged (step S16) to mobile whether completion of tool changing position of readiness based on the testing result of broach shell decline sensor 75.Move imperfect tense (S16:NO), the CPU61 standby is accomplished to moving.The cutter 20 of subsequent processing is when the mobile completion of tool changing position of readiness (S16:YES), and CPU61 makes to handle and turns back to step S1, repeats above-mentioned processing and accomplishes up to the total travel of processing.
As stated, in the tool-information table, to store each cutter 20 are any cutters in standard cutter or the heavier cutter 20 to lathe.Lathe the cutter that makes subsequent processing 20 from accommodated position when the tool changing position of readiness moves, and the cutter 20 that makes last operation from the tool changing position of readiness when accommodated position moves, make standard cutter with high-speed mobile, heavier cutter 20 is moved with low speed.Lathe can make when heavier cutter 20 moves the impact that produces reduce, can be not produce moving of the standard cutter that makes the impact that machining accuracy reduces at a high speed.Therefore; Lathe make last operation cutter hold with the cutter of subsequent processing to the mobile grade of tool changing position of readiness and parallel the carrying out of processing that is installed in the current operation that the cutter 20 on the main shaft 5 carries out; The required time of tool changing can be shortened, the required time of total travel of processing can be shortened.Therefore, can improve the productivity ratio of lathe.
The lathe of this embodiment is categorized into these two kinds on the perhaps heavier cutter of standard cutter with cutter 20.Lathe carries out moving of cutter 20 with high speed or low speed.But lathe for example also can form and cutter 20 to be categorized into lighter cutter, standard cutter, the heavier cutters more than three types such as cutter to control translational speed.
The lathe of this embodiment roughly begin simultaneously main tapping 4 downwards move with tool magazine 11 in cutter 20 from tool changing position of readiness moving to accommodated position.But lathe also can begin to carry out these in the different moment and move.
The lathe of this embodiment carries out moving of cutter 20 with the constant speed of high speed or low speed.But lathe for example also can carry out when heavier cutter is moved, the control that little by little underspeeds to begin at a high speed to move etc.
(variation 1)
Shown in figure 15, the lathe of variation 1 except storing information shown in Figure 12, is also stored the translational speed of each cutter 20 in the tool-information table.Ratio when the translational speed of each cutter 20 is expressed as translational speed with standard cutter and is made as 100 (maximum speeds).For example, the heavier cutter 20 of No. 3, identiflication number moves with 80% speed of standard cutter.The heavier cutter 20 that No. 5, identiflication number moves with 50% speed of standard cutter.The CPU61 of control device 60 carries out the drive controlling of cylinder 84; Make the cutter that makes subsequent processing 20 from accommodated position when the tool changing position of readiness moves; And the cutter 20 that makes last operation from the tool changing position of readiness when accommodated position moves, cutter 20 moves with the speed of appointment in the tool-information table.
The lathe of variation can preestablish best translational speed to each cutter 20.Therefore, lathe can carry out tool changing more expeditiously, can boost productivity more.
(variation 2)
Lathe can carry out various processing.Even have the mobile impact of following of the cutter 20 in generation and the tool magazine 11 in the processing of lathe, the processing that machining accuracy also can not reduce.The adjustment that device 60 carries out of can when the adjustment that need not carry out with the corresponding translational speed of weight of cutter 20, removing controls of the lathe of variation 2 to translational speed.
The control device 60 of lathe carries out tool changing processing and processed etc. according to the control program that is stored in advance among the ROM62.In the lathe of variation 2, can be to the additional instruction that is used in reference to the translational speed of stationary knife tool 20 of order that is used to carry out the tool changing processing of control program.The CPU61 of control device 60 has added tool changing when order of translational speed being carried out appointment implementing, and does not make cutter 20 to move with the corresponding translational speed of the weight information of tool-information table.CPU61 makes cutter 20 to move with the corresponding translational speed of translational speed that is additional to the appointment in the tool changing order.CPU61 implement additional when translational speed is carried out the tool changing order of appointment, with the translational speed of cutter 20 be adjusted into the tool-information table in the corresponding translational speed of weight information.
The CPU61 of control device 60 is processing controls program successively line by line.Shown in figure 16, G100 representes that tool changing order, T represent in next processing the identiflication number with the cutter 20 that uses.In next processing the cutter 20 that uses is meant and desires the cutter 20 installed to main shaft 5 from tool magazine 11.For example, p is capable to be tool changing order (G100), and it is the cutter 20 of No. 4 (T4) that identiflication number is used in next processing.In this tool changing order, there is not appointment to translational speed.For example, q is capable to be tool changing order (G100), and using identiflication number in next processing is the cutter 20 of No. 5 (T5).In this tool changing order, there is not appointment to translational speed.For example, r is capable to be tool changing order (G100), and will use identiflication number in next processing is the cutter 20 of No. 6 (T6).In this tool changing order, previous row (r-1 is capable) has been added the appointment (M) to translational speed, the content that cutter 20 is moved with translational speed 100 has been arranged specifying in the appointment (M) of translational speed.R+1 is capable to be processing order (G50), and utilizing identiflication number is that No. 6 cutter 20 is processed in the position of Xn, Yn, Zn.In addition, Xn, Yn, Zn represent the position of X-direction, the position of Y direction, the position of Z-direction respectively.Owing to do not have appointment in the previous row of, tool changing that q is capable order capable to translational speed at p, therefore, CPU61 when carrying out the tool changing order that p is capable, q is capable in the tool-information table with reference to the weight information of the cutter 20 of No. 4, identiflication number, No. 5, identiflication number.CPU61 is that standard cutter or any cutter of heavier cutter 20 are controlled translational speed according to the cutter 20 of No. 4, identiflication number, No. 5, identiflication number.Owing in the previous row (r-1) of the capable tool changing of r order, there is the appointment to translational speed, so CPU61 is when carrying out the capable tool changing of r and order, and the cutter 20 that makes No. 6, identiflication number moves with the speed 100 of appointment.Translational speed is appointed as at 100 o'clock, and CPU61 makes cutter 20 move with the speed identical with standard cutter (maximum speed).Translational speed can be set at 100～1 value.
As stated, the lathe of variation 2 does not make cutter 20 moving with the corresponding translational speed of the weight of cutter 20, but cutter 20 is moved with the translational speed of appointment when the appointment that tool changing order has been added to translational speed.Even lathe can carry out producing with the mobile impact of following of cutter 20 etc., the man-hour that adds that also can not reduce precision, the control that cancellation is carried out the translational speed of cutter 20 based on the weight information of cutter 20, lathe can make heavier cutter 20 with high-speed mobile.
(variation 3)
Application of the present invention is not limited to the lathe of said structure.Shown in figure 17, the lathe of variation 3 carries cutter-exchange mechanism 7, tool magazine 11 on the main tapping 4 that can move along above-below direction with respect to column 2.Cutter-exchange mechanism 7, tool magazine 11 move along above-below direction with main tapping 4.In the lathe of variation 3, the influence that the precision of the processing that the impact that produces when cutter 20 moves in tool magazine 11 is carried out the cutter 20 of main shaft 5 produces is bigger.Therefore, to control cutter 20 according to the weight of cutter 20 be very effective to the moving of tool changing position of readiness, from the tool changing position of readiness to the speed that moves of accommodated position from accommodated position to lathe.The generation of the impact that the lathe of variation 3 can suppress to follow with the mobile phase of cutter 20.Lathe can make parallel the carrying out of moving of processing that the cutter 20 that is installed on the main shaft 5 carries out and the cutter 20 in the tool magazine 11.
The lathe of this embodiment makes broach shell 13 rotate to the tool changing position of readiness from accommodated position.Broach shell is moved to the tool changing position of readiness along horizontal direction from accommodated position.
The machine adopted cylinder 84 of this embodiment and broach shell 13 is moved.Also can substitute cylinder 84 and adopt motor as alter mode.
Claims (10)
1. lathe, it comprises:
Accommodation section (11), it is used to hold a plurality of cutters;
Processing portion (5), it is used for mounting cutter and workpiece is processed;
Tool changing portion (30), it is used for being installed in the cutter that cutter changing on this processing portion becomes to be contained in above-mentioned accommodation section;
Moving part (84), it is used for making the cutter that is contained in above-mentioned accommodation section to move to the tool changing position of readiness, and this tool changing position of readiness is the position that is used to utilize above-mentioned tool changing portion to carry out tool changing,
This lathe is characterised in that,
This lathe has control part (61), and this control part (61) comes the translational speed of utilizing the cutter that above-mentioned moving part moves is controlled according to the weight that is contained in the cutter in the above-mentioned accommodation section,
The processing that above-mentioned moving part makes moving of cutter carry out with above-mentioned processing portion is parallel to be carried out.
2. lathe according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
This lathe also has first storage part (64), and cutter and the translational speed of utilizing above-mentioned moving part to move of this cutter that this first storage part (64) will be contained in the above-mentioned accommodation section are stored accordingly,
Above-mentioned control part so that the cutter that will exchange control based on the mode that the translational speed that is stored in above-mentioned first storage part moves.
3. lathe according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned control part is controlled as follows: the weight of cutter is heavy more, more utilizes moving of cutter that above-mentioned moving part carries out with low velocity; The weight of cutter is light more, at full speed utilizes moving of cutter that above-mentioned moving part carries out more.
4. lathe according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned moving part makes the cutter that is positioned at the tool changing position of readiness move to the position that is received into above-mentioned accommodation section,
Above-mentioned control part comes cutter is controlled from the translational speed that the tool changing position of readiness moves to the position that is received into above-mentioned accommodation section according to the weight of this cutter.
5. lathe according to claim 3 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned moving part makes the cutter that is positioned at the tool changing position of readiness move to the position that is received into above-mentioned accommodation section,
Above-mentioned control part comes cutter is controlled from the translational speed that the tool changing position of readiness moves to the position that is received into above-mentioned accommodation section according to the weight of this cutter.
6. lathe according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that,
This lathe also has and is used to store second storage part (62) that makes the instruction that cutter exchanges,
Can the information of whether carrying out with the control of the corresponding translational speed of weight of cutter be imparted in the above-mentioned instruction,
Above-mentioned control part judges whether to carry out the control with the corresponding translational speed of weight of above-mentioned cutter according to the information in the above-mentioned instruction of being imparted to.
7. lathe according to claim 3 is characterized in that,
This lathe also has and is used to store second storage part (62) that makes the instruction that cutter exchanges,
Can the information of whether carrying out with the control of the corresponding translational speed of weight of cutter be imparted in the above-mentioned instruction,
Above-mentioned control part judges whether to carry out the control with the corresponding translational speed of weight of above-mentioned cutter according to the information in the above-mentioned instruction of being imparted to.
8. lathe according to claim 4 is characterized in that,
This lathe also has and is used to store second storage part (62) that makes the instruction that cutter exchanges,
Can the information of whether carrying out with the control of the corresponding translational speed of weight of cutter be imparted in the above-mentioned instruction,
Above-mentioned control part judges whether to carry out the control with the corresponding translational speed of weight of above-mentioned cutter according to the information in the above-mentioned instruction of being imparted to.
9. lathe according to claim 5 is characterized in that,
This lathe also has and is used to store second storage part (62) that makes the instruction that cutter exchanges,
Can the information of whether carrying out with the control of the corresponding translational speed of weight of cutter be imparted in the above-mentioned instruction,
Above-mentioned control part judges whether to carry out the control with the corresponding translational speed of weight of above-mentioned cutter according to the information in the above-mentioned instruction of being imparted to.
10. cutter replacing method, its be be contained in the accommodation section cutter be installed in the cutter replacing method that the cutter on the processing portion that is used for workpiece is processed exchanges, it is characterized in that,
Make processing that the cutter that is contained in the above-mentioned accommodation section and above-mentioned processing portion carry out concurrently moving to the tool changing position of readiness with the corresponding translational speed of the weight of above-mentioned cutter,
Cutter that moves to above-mentioned tool changing position of readiness and the cutter that is installed on the above-mentioned processing portion are exchanged.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011-070937 | 2011-03-28 | ||
| JP2011070937A JP2012200857A (en) | 2011-03-28 | 2011-03-28 | Machine tool and tool change method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102717288A true CN102717288A (en) | 2012-10-10 |
| CN102717288B CN102717288B (en) | 2015-07-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210086697.XA Active CN102717288B (en) | 2011-03-28 | 2012-03-28 | Machine tool and cutter changing method |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP2012200857A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101387846B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102717288B (en) |
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| CN113275929B (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-08-30 | 昆山北钜机械有限公司 | Automatic light and heavy cutter distinguishing device and method for cutter head of cutter library |
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| CN116890263A (en) * | 2023-09-04 | 2023-10-17 | 山东豪迈数控机床有限公司 | Tool setting method and device of numerical control machine tool, controller and numerical control machine tool |
| CN116890263B (en) * | 2023-09-04 | 2023-11-24 | 山东豪迈数控机床有限公司 | Tool setting method and device of numerical control machine tool, controller and numerical control machine tool |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2012200857A (en) | 2012-10-22 |
| CN102717288B (en) | 2015-07-08 |
| KR20130130209A (en) | 2013-12-02 |
| KR101387846B1 (en) | 2014-04-22 |
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