CN102715041A - Intelligent supplementary lighting method and device for solar greenhouse - Google Patents
Intelligent supplementary lighting method and device for solar greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN102715041A CN102715041A CN2012101875054A CN201210187505A CN102715041A CN 102715041 A CN102715041 A CN 102715041A CN 2012101875054 A CN2012101875054 A CN 2012101875054A CN 201210187505 A CN201210187505 A CN 201210187505A CN 102715041 A CN102715041 A CN 102715041A
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 53
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- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001464837 Viridiplantae Species 0.000 description 1
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane;methyl n-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1.C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)(C)CN1C=NC=N1 VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses intelligent supplementary lighting method and device for a solar greenhouse. A horizontal rotary main shaft parallel to a rear vertical wall is disposed in front of the rear vertical wall. The rear end of a horizontal support is rotatably connected to a fixed support through a pin. The front end of the horizontal support is connected to one end of the rotary main shaft. The rotary main shaft is capable of rotating around its axis. Two reflecting film fixing and clamping plates are fixedly connected to two ends of the rotary main shaft. A reflecting film is fixedly connected between the two reflecting film fixing and clamping plates. A reflecting face of the reflecting film is a convex face. A motor controller automatically calculates to obtain optimal operational rotation angle of the reflecting film so as to control the rotation angle and rotation direction of a motor. The motor drives the rotary main shaft to rotate so as to drive the reflecting film to rotate, and accordingly the rotation angle of the reflecting film is adjusted to enable reflected sunlight to irradiate a planting area of the solar greenhouse constantly, real-time intelligent regulation of the supplementary lighting device is achieved, and accuracy in light supplement for the planting area of the solar greenhouse is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the greenhouse by solar heat technical field, relate in particular to a kind of greenhouse by solar heat intelligence light compensation method and device.
Background technology
In the northern China most of areas, the plantation of the agricultural production between 35 °~45 ° of north latitude close quarters especially, greenhouse by solar heat is widely used as main agricultural production facility.Yet north China is in spring, autumn and winter three seasons, and solar radiation intensity is with to shine upon the duration all generally on the low side.Less light application time and intensity of illumination can influence the normal growth of planting plant in the greenhouse by solar heat.In order to improve the illumination condition in the greenhouse by solar heat, be necessary to take suitable manner, the crop in the greenhouse is carried out light filling.
At present in the correlation technique of greenhouse by solar heat light filling; The main technical scheme that adopts has two kinds: a kind of is the nature light filling; Adopt the mode of reflected sunlight, increase the intensity of illumination that shines the planting area available light, improve greenhouse illumination condition by day.Another kind is artificial light filling, promptly through various lighting apparatus are installed, improves the illumination condition in the greenhouse in the greenhouse, and this light filling mode is mainly used in night, perhaps under the relatively poor situation of greenhouse illumination condition.The effect of nature light filling depends on the reasonability that sunshine is utilized to a great extent; Any time shines the sunray of earth surface; Itself and the angle that horizontal plane became that shines the place can calculate with formula, and this provides theoretical foundation for rationally utilizing sunshine.The computing formula of sunshine elevation angle is following:
; Wherein,
is sun altitude;
is the geographic latitude value;
is solar declination, and
is hour angle.
The computing formula of any one day solar declination is following in 1 year:
In one day any time hour angle computing formula following:
One Chinese patent application number is to have introduced a kind of method of sunlight greenhouse heating and light supplementing in 200910082407.2 the patent documentation, and this method is employed in a plurality of bulbs of suspension in the greenhouse by solar heat, is the greenhouse by solar heat light filling through bulb.Through the switch time of control bulb, realize the light filling process is controlled, regulate the installation site of bulb simultaneously, improve the light filling effect of bulb, the method can be improved the illumination condition of greenhouse by solar heat, especially at night, can continuous light be provided for crop.But the photosynthesis of green plants mainly is to carry out by day, and the method light enhancing effect by day will descend much than the light enhancing effect at night.This mainly be because daytime under the influence of sunshine, the light enhancing effect that bulb produces is also not obvious, thereby by day, especially under the bright day gas condition, the method can't be improved the illumination condition in the greenhouse by solar heat effectively.
Chinese patent number is that 201020239688.6 patent documentation has been introduced a kind of greenhouse external hanging type Reflecting curtain.This kind greenhouse external hanging type Reflecting curtain comprises at least one reflector, fixture and the support that are arranged on the top, greenhouse; Reflecting curtain utilizes the mode of reflected solar energy to add lustre to for the greenhouse, however the building height of greenhouse by solar heat ridge usually all more than 2.6 meters, this greenhouse external hanging type Reflecting curtain is mounted in outside top, greenhouse; Its physical dimension will be far longer than the size in greenhouse; Thereby increased the manufacturing cost of this Reflecting curtain greatly, and higher installation site and exposed Reflecting curtain, influence back row's light transmissivity of Sunlight Greenhouse; Or increased the greenhouse spacing; Reduce land utilization rate, stability, operation maintenance and the light enhancing effect for device all can produce adverse influence simultaneously, finally reduces the cost performance and the actual motion effect of this device.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the design feature to greenhouse by solar heat self, provide a kind of simple in structure, easy for installation, use flexibly, the light filling mode rationally, the light filling effect obviously and be adapted at light compensation method and the device applied in the common greenhouse by solar heat.
The technical scheme that a kind of greenhouse by solar heat intelligence of the present invention light compensating apparatus adopts is: be fixed with two fixed supports that wait high and left and right layout on the medial surface of the back vertical wall of greenhouse by solar heat, the rotating spindle that vertical wall front, back is provided with a horizontal arrangement and parallels with the vertical wall in back; The horizontal stand rear end rotatably connects fixed support through a bearing pin, and the horizontal stand front end connects an end of rotating spindle, and rotating spindle can rotate around self central shaft; Respectively be fixedly connected a reflective membrane strap at the rotating spindle two ends; Between two reflective membrane straps, be fixedly connected a reflective membrane, the reflective surface of reflective membrane is shaped as convex surface, is fixedly connected motor retainer bracket and motor controller on the medial surface of the vertical wall in back; Motor controller connects electromotor through communication cable; Electromotor is installed on the motor retainer bracket, and an end of rotating spindle is provided with gear, and electromotor is through driving chain and gear matched; The medium position of horizontal stand bottom surface is fixedly connected the cuboid vertical baffle; Form vertical angle between cuboid vertical baffle and the horizontal stand; The front end of hound is the cylindrical structure of active card at the vertical angle place, and the rear end of hound is tilted to down through another root bearing pin and rotatably connects fixed support.
The technical scheme that the light compensation method of a kind of greenhouse by solar heat intelligence of the present invention light compensating apparatus adopts is may further comprise the steps: horizontal stand is positioned at horizontal position, and horizontal stand contacts with the cylinder surface of hound front end with the vertical angle place that vertical baffle forms; Motor controller calculates the rotational angle when obtaining the reflective membrane best effort automatically, the rotational angle and the rotation direction of control electromotor; The rotation of motor drives rotating spindle, thus drive the reflective membrane rotation, and the rotational angle of adjustment reflective membrane makes the sunray of reflection shine the planting area of greenhouse by solar heat all the time.
Motor controller calculates rotational angle automatically
αMethod following:
,
θBe sun altitude,
BBe the greenhouse by solar heat span,
HFor horizontal stand 8 centers overhead the height.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, apparatus of the present invention are simple and reasonable, and are convenient for installation and maintenance, and each main member all can freely be dismantled.Adopt movable support and diagonal brace, both the operate as normal of assurance device can fold contraction with whole device through the position of adjustment support and diagonal brace again, the working space in the reduction greenhouse by solar heat simultaneously.
2, apparatus of the present invention adopt electromotor as drive unit; Utilize the duty of automatic automatic controller control light compensating apparatus; Realization under the prerequisite that guarantees the light filling effect, can reduce greenhouse management personnel's labour intensity to the real-time intelligent regulation and control of light compensating apparatus; Reduce investment and use cost, guarantee accuracy simultaneously again greenhouse by solar heat planting area light filling.
3, the inventive method combines automatic control technology with the greenhouse by solar heat light filling; Based on physics law and natural conditions; Rely on automaton,, calculate the best effort angle of reflex reflector and the operating angle of regulating reflex reflector in real time automatically in real time in conjunction with the geometry information of greenhouse by solar heat and the information of sun altitude; Guarantee the greenhouse by solar heat planting area to the full extent, obtain optimum light filling effect in the production process.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further specified:
Fig. 1 is the front view of greenhouse by solar heat intelligence light compensating apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the right view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the corner of rotating spindle 3
αWith sun altitude
θThe geometrical relationship sketch map;
Fig. 4 is the reflective mode of minute surface, convex surface and the reflecting effect contrast sketch map of reflective membrane 7;
Fig. 5 be reflective membrane 7 when adopting the reflective mode of convex surfaces its physical dimension concern sketch map;
Among the figure: 1-motor controller, 2-electromotor, 3-fixed support, 4-rotating spindle, 5-hound; 6-reflective membrane strap, 7-reflective membrane, 8-horizontal stand, 9-communication cable; Vertical wall behind the 10-, 11-motor retainer bracket, 12-driving chain, 13-vertical baffle; The 14-bearing pin, 16-greenhouse by solar heat planting area mid point, 17-incident ray, 18-reflection ray.
Embodiment
Shown in Fig. 1-2, greenhouse by solar heat of the present invention intelligence light compensating apparatus is installed in the medial surface of vertical wall 10 behind the greenhouse by solar heat.Two fixed support 3 left and right layouts, apart from the ground equal altitudes, two fixed supports 3 are respectively through on the medial surface that is bolted to the vertical wall 10 in back.The rotating spindle 4 that vertical wall 10 fronts are provided with a horizontal arrangement and parallel with the vertical wall 10 in back in the back; Each fixed support 3 all connects an end of rotating spindle 4 through a horizontal stand 8; Horizontal stand 8 rear ends rotatably are connected on the fixed support 3 through bearing pin 14; Horizontal stand 8 front ends connect an end of rotating spindle 4, and rotating spindle 4 can be rotated around self central shaft.Respectively connect a reflective membrane strap 6 at rotating spindle 4 two ends through bolt; Reflective membrane strap 6 is along with rotating spindle 4 rotates together; Reflective membrane 7 of fixed installation between two reflective membrane straps 6, reflective membrane 7 rotates with reflective membrane strap 6 simultaneously, and the reflective surface of reflective membrane 7 is shaped as convex surface; Reflective membrane 7 can be selected aluminum plating reflective membrane etc. for the surperficial plastic foil that is coated with metal.
The fixing welding of medium position cuboid vertical baffle 13 at horizontal stand 8 bottom surfaces forms vertical angle between cuboid vertical baffle 13 and the horizontal stand 8 like this.The front end of hound 5 is cylindrical structures, and this cylindrical structure active card is at the vertical angle place, and the rear end of hound 5 is tilted to down through another root bearing pin 14 and rotatably connects fixed support 3.Like this, horizontal stand 8 and hound 5 all can rotate around the axis of separately bearing pin 14.
Also connect motor retainer bracket 11 and motor controller 1 through bolt respectively on the medial surface of the vertical wall 10 in back; Motor controller 1 connects electromotor 2 through communication cable 9; Electromotor 2 is fixed on the motor retainer bracket 11, and makes electromotor 2 near rotating spindle 4 one ends.On one end of rotating spindle 4 gear is installed, electromotor 2 constitutes the transmission that transmission component is realized motion through the gear matched on driving chain 12 and the rotating spindle 4.Drive rotating spindle 4 through transmission component when electromotor 2 rotates and rotate, the operating position of reflective membrane strap 6 also changes simultaneously, thereby realizes the variation of reflective membrane 7 operating positions.In order to alleviate the weight of rotating spindle 4 self, adapt to the working environment of high humidity in the greenhouse, the aluminum alloy materials of rotating spindle 4 employings, its cross sectional shape is the circle of hollow.
When the standard width of a room in an old-style house width in daylight greenhouse is big (standard width of a room in an old-style house width surpasses 20m); The length of corresponding rotating spindle 4 also can be elongated thereupon; Long rotating spindle 4 will influence the transmission of 2 pairs of rotating spindles of electromotor, 4 motions; Thereby can at the two ends of rotating spindle 4 electromotor 2 be installed respectively respectively; Promptly at the both ends of rotating spindle 4 gear is installed all, two electromotor 2 are respectively through the gear matched on corresponding driving chain 12 and rotating spindle 4 both ends, and 1 pair of two electromotor 2 of motor controller carry out Synchronization Control.Utilize the power transmission of two electromotor 2, realize having control than rotating spindle 4 rotations of long axis.
Fixed support 3 manufacturing materials of the present invention are galvanized steel; What the manufacturing materials of motor retainer bracket 11 and fixed support 3 was all selected for use is galvanized steel or aluminium alloy; It is the aluminum alloy materials or the galvanized steel of the hollow of rectangle or circle that horizontal stand 8 can be selected the cross section with hound 5, and the manufacturing materials of vertical baffle 13 is a galvanized steel.
As shown in Figure 3, the front and back span of supposing greenhouse by solar heat is B, and the setting height(from bottom) on horizontal stand 8 centre distance greenhouse by solar heat ground is H.The length in axial direction of horizontal stand 8 is 1m, and is identical with working region width in the greenhouse.When the anterior incident from the greenhouse of a certain moment sun, incident ray 17 is with angle
θInciding 7 last times of reflective membrane, is the reflecting effect that guarantees reflex reflector, reflective membrane 7 rotational angles
α,Be the corner of rotating spindle 4, make the incident ray that shines reflective membrane 7 point midway places just in time reflex to mid point 16 positions, chamber planting zone.The solar incident ray angle
θWith the reflective membrane rotational angle
αThe calculated relationship that is rotating spindle 4 corners is:
Wherein:
θ---sun altitude, unit °;
B---greenhouse by solar heat span, the m of unit;
H---horizontal stand 8 centers are height overhead, the m of unit.
As shown in Figure 4, the incident ray 17 that gets in the greenhouse by solar heat can be regarded as several parallel rays of nothing.When the reflective surface of reflective membrane 7 is shaped as minute surface; The reflective mode that is reflective membrane is that minute surface is reflective, and the reflection ray 18 that reflects through reflective membrane 7 also is a parallel rays, and this moment, the zone of action of reflective membrane 7 was limited; Light enhancing effect to the whole planting area in greenhouse weakens, referring to Fig. 4 a.When the reflective surface of reflective membrane 7 is shaped as convex surface; Be that reflective membrane 7 reflective modes are that convex surface is reflective; Reflection ray 18 through reflective membrane 7 reflections no longer is a parallel rays, but is the scattered light of divergence form, and this moment, the zone of action of reflective membrane 7 increased; Light enhancing effect to the whole planting area in greenhouse is strengthened, referring to Fig. 4 b.
According to the contrast of Fig. 4 reflecting effect, it is the reflective mode of convex surface that reflective membrane 7 of the present invention adopts reflective surface.As shown in Figure 5; If will make through the irradiate light of reflective membrane 7 reflections regional to whole chamber planting; Then need guarantee light through reflective membrane 7 the top reflections; Shine the solstics of greenhouse by solar heat planting area,, shine the starting point of greenhouse by solar heat planting area through the light that reflective membrane 7 reflects bottom.Be the basis with the reflective model of minute surface, carry out the Equivalent Conversion of convex module.Through calculating the central angles of reflective membrane two reflective arc surface correspondences about in the of 7, finally confirm the radius of reflective membrane two arc surfaces about in the of 7.Two arc surfaces have public starting point, i.e. the axle center of rotating spindle 4.Suppose that the central angle that arc surface is corresponding down does
β 1, the central angle that last arc surface is corresponding does
β 2.β 1With
β 2Computing formula be:
Wherein:
H---horizontal stand 8 centers are height overhead, the m of unit;
l---reflective membrane length, the m of unit;
B---greenhouse span, the m of unit;
α---the rotating spindle corner, unit °,
。
The corresponding central angle of the upper and lower end arc surfaces of reflective membrane 7 with
β 2Be the numerical value of real-time change, it is with sun altitude, greenhouse geometry size and reflective membrane length variations.Be simplification device in actual use, the final numerical value of the central angle of two arc surface correspondences, the maximum that choosing obtains after calculating is promptly
β 1 MAX With
β 2 MAX Confirm after the final numerical value of central angle, can calculate according to central angle and obtain the corresponding equivalent redius of two arc surfaces
R, computing formula is:
Wherein:
β---The central angle of arc surface
β 1 MAX ,
β 2 MAX
When greenhouse by solar heat intelligence light compensating apparatus of the present invention is in running order; Motor controller 1 is according to the angle of the on-site latitude and longitude information of greenhouse by solar heat, different time information, sunray and horizontal plane; Combine the greenhouse geometry information again, the rotational angle when calculating the best effort that obtains reflective membrane 7 automatically and the real-time rotational angle of rotating spindle 4
α, send work order to electromotor 2, the rotational angle and the rotation direction of control electromotor 2; Electromotor 2 drives rotating spindle 4 rotations; Thereby drive reflective membrane 7 rotations, can adjust the operating angle of reflective membrane 7, make the sunray of reflection shine the planting area of greenhouse by solar heat all the time.This moment, horizontal stand 8 was positioned at horizontal position; Horizontal stand 8 contacts with the cylinder surface of hound 5 front ends with the vertical angle place that vertical baffle 13 constitutes; Rely on the thrust of horizontal stand 8 deadweight generations and the frictional force at cylinder surface and vertical angle place, realize the support fixation of 5 pairs of horizontal stands 8 of hound.
When light compensating apparatus quits work, move hound 5, hound 5 can be around the axial-movement of another root bearing pin 14; Hound 5 cylinder surfaces and vertical angle place are disengaged, and hound 5 can be changed to vertical folded state by duty with horizontal stand 8, like this; Through changing the contact condition of hound 5 and horizontal stand 8; Can change the position of horizontal stand 8,, realize the folding contraction of whole light compensating apparatus through horizontal stand 8 is folded shrink process; Both avoided in the greenhouse management process, damaging light compensating apparatus, and can effectively reduce greenhouse management personnel's working space again.
Claims (4)
1. greenhouse by solar heat intelligence light compensating apparatus; Be fixed with two fixed supports (3) that wait high and left and right layout on the medial surface of the back vertical wall (10) of greenhouse by solar heat, it is characterized in that: the rotating spindle (4) that vertical wall (10) front, back is provided with a horizontal arrangement and parallels with the vertical wall in back (10); Horizontal stand (8) rear end rotatably connects fixed support (3) through a bearing pin (14), and horizontal stand (8) front end connects an end of rotating spindle (4), and rotating spindle (4) can rotate around self central shaft; Respectively be fixedly connected a reflective membrane strap (6) at rotating spindle (4) two ends; Between two reflective membrane straps (6), be fixedly connected a reflective membrane (7); The reflective surface of reflective membrane (7) is shaped as convex surface; Be fixedly connected motor retainer bracket (11) and motor controller (1) on the medial surface of the vertical wall (10) in back, motor controller (1) connects electromotor (2) through communication cable (9), and electromotor (2) is installed on the motor retainer bracket (11); One end of rotating spindle (4) is provided with gear, and electromotor (2) is through driving chain (12) and gear matched; The medium position of horizontal stand (8) bottom surface is fixedly connected cuboid vertical baffle (13); Form vertical angle between cuboid vertical baffle (13) and the horizontal stand (8); The front end of hound (5) is the cylindrical structure of active card at the vertical angle place, and the rear end of hound (5) is tilted to down through another root bearing pin (14) and rotatably connects fixed support (3).
2. the light compensation method of a greenhouse by solar heat as claimed in claim 1 intelligence light compensating apparatus; It is characterized in that may further comprise the steps: horizontal stand (8) is positioned at horizontal position, and horizontal stand (8) contacts with the cylinder surface of hound (5) front end with the vertical angle place that vertical baffle (13) forms; Motor controller (1) calculates the rotational angle when obtaining reflective membrane (7) best effort, the rotational angle and the rotation direction of control electromotor (2) automatically; Electromotor (2) drives rotating spindle (4) rotation, thereby drives reflective membrane (7) rotation, and the rotational angle of adjustment reflective membrane (7) makes the sunray of reflection shine the planting area of greenhouse by solar heat all the time.
4. light compensation method according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: when light compensating apparatus quits work; Move hound (5) hound (5) cylinder surface and vertical angle place are disengaged, hound (5) and horizontal stand (8) are by the extremely vertical folded state of duty.
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Cited By (11)
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CN103503678A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2014-01-15 | 凌爱秋 | Production management method of dragon fruits |
CN104094801A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-10-15 | 同济大学 | Movable precise light supplement device for seedbeds |
CN104145741A (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2014-11-19 | 宁波大龙农业科技有限公司 | Seedling culture machine |
CN104472273A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-01 | 江苏大学 | Mobile light supplementing method |
CN105794507A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-07-27 | 刘中华 | Solar greenhouse supplementary illumination reinforcing system |
CN106550798A (en) * | 2015-09-26 | 2017-04-05 | 南京索乐优节能科技有限公司 | Greenhouse with adjustable reflective device |
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CN103503678A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2014-01-15 | 凌爱秋 | Production management method of dragon fruits |
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CN104094801B (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2016-05-18 | 同济大学 | Accurate light compensating apparatus is moved in a kind of seedbed |
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CN104145741B (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2016-03-16 | 宁波大龙农业科技有限公司 | A kind of seedling culturing machine |
CN104472273A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-01 | 江苏大学 | Mobile light supplementing method |
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