CN102702378A - Method for extracting polysaccharides with cell immunocompetence from needle mushroom root waste materials - Google Patents

Method for extracting polysaccharides with cell immunocompetence from needle mushroom root waste materials Download PDF

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CN102702378A
CN102702378A CN2012102196953A CN201210219695A CN102702378A CN 102702378 A CN102702378 A CN 102702378A CN 2012102196953 A CN2012102196953 A CN 2012102196953A CN 201210219695 A CN201210219695 A CN 201210219695A CN 102702378 A CN102702378 A CN 102702378A
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needle mushroom
root
mushroom
mushroom root
needle
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CN102702378B (en
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胡秋辉
杨文建
赵立艳
傅亚欣
安辛欣
杨方美
方勇
辛志宏
马宁
郑惠华
陈坤
林德祥
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Nanjing Agricultural University
Nanjing University of Finance and Economics
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Nanjing Agricultural University
Nanjing University of Finance and Economics
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for extracting polysaccharides with cell immunocompetence from needle mushroom root waste materials and belongs to the field of biomedicine. The method comprises the steps of: drying and crushing needle mushroom roots to prepare ultrafine needle mushroom root powder, wherein the needle mushroom roots are the cut root parts as waste materials in a needle mushroom processing course; adding a proper amount of 85% ethanol to the crushed ultrafine powder to soak for 2 hours at room temperature; centrifuging to collect a precipitate; adding deionized water according to a ratio of water to material namely 28mL/g based on the raw material as a reference; carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 19.8 minutes at the power of 680W; centrifuging to collect a supernate; carrying out rotary evaporation on the supernate to obtain a proper amount of at room temperature; adding anhydrous ethanol the volume of which is 4 times that of a concentrated solution in the concentrated solution; precipitating for 12 hours at 4 DEG C; centrifuging to collect a precipitate; and placing the precipitate in an oven of 60 DEG C to bake so as to obtain crude needle mushroom root polysaccharide. An ultrasonic wave extraction technology is adopted, and the polysaccharide yield is 16.20%. Compared with the traditional hot water extraction, by using the method disclosed by the invention, the yield is improved by 70%, and the time is shortened by 92%.

Description

A kind of from needle mushroom mushroom root waste material, the extraction has the method for the active polysaccharide of cellular immunization
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of from needle mushroom mushroom root waste material, the extraction and have the method for the active polysaccharide of cellular immunization, belong to biomedicine field, product can be widely used in fields such as functional food, biological medicine.Wherein needle mushroom mushroom root is in the needle mushroom course of processing, the root the base of a fruit branch that is excised as waste material.
Two, background technology
Needle mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) has another name called plain mushroom, dried mushroom; Be subordinate to Mycophyta, Hymenomycetes, Agaricales, Tricholomataceae, gold thread Pseudomonas, contain higher protein, glucide and robust fibre; And lipid content is lower; Also containing multivitamins such as VB1, VB2, VC, and be rich in several mineral materials such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, is a kind of rare high nutritious prod.
Along with the mankind deepen the understanding of protective foods and needle mushroom nutritive value gradually, needle mushroom will have boundless DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT, and meanwhile, the waste material that also will have increasing needle mushroom mushroom root produces.Add up according to China edible mushrooms association; By being about 144.1 ten thousand tons to China's needle mushroom ultimate production in 2007, wherein needle mushroom mushroom root accounts for about 15% of needle mushroom weight, is about 21.6 ten thousand tons; Yet in the production process of needle mushroom; The mushroom root goes out of use mostly, even the feed of continuous cropping livestock is all not satisfactory, is not fully utilized.Needle mushroom mushroom root discarded in the production intermediate links increased the cost of handling waste to enterprise like this.Therefore, the rational exploitation and utilization of needle mushroom mushroom root is extremely urgent, so need open up an approach for the utilization of needle mushroom mushroom root.
In the development and use of polysaccharide, separation and Extraction is one of critical step, and it not only affects the yield of product, also is worth closely related with product activity.Flammulina velutipes can be water-soluble, be insoluble to organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, ketone, thereby the polysaccharide traditional extraction process mainly contains hot water extraction, soda acid extraction, enzyme process etc.Traditional hot water extraction and soda acid extraction; Required extraction time is long, the extraction temperature is high, energy consumption is big; And for a long time high temperature or acid-alkali medium might cause polysaccharide to degrade, and make the extraction of polysaccharide be difficult to reach ideal effect, these all big limitations the development and use of polysaccharide.Progress along with science and technology; The more method of extracting about polysaccharide at present of employing is a ultrasonic extraction, utilizes strong cavitation effect that the UW radiation produces, mechanical vibration, disturbance effect, high acceleration stresses, emulsification, spreads, smashes and multiple effect such as stirring, increases the frequency and the speed of material molecule; Thereby quicken target component and get into solvent; Realize efficiently extracting entocyte apace, thereby improved efficient, shortened the time; Leaching process does not relate to chemical reagent simultaneously, and this has reduced the bioactive influence of lixiviate material to a certain extent, so ultrasound assisted extraction technique is used widely in the Chinese medicine technology for extracting effective component.Utilizing ultrasonic extraction needle mushroom mushroom root polysaccharide, study its suitable extraction conditions, improve polysaccharide yield, is the important channel of improving needle mushroom mushroom root waste utilization rate, also is the basis of follow-up bioactivity research.
Three, summary of the invention
Technical problem
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of can from needle mushroom mushroom root waste material, the extraction and have the method for cellular immunization active polysaccharide, this method has been avoided traditional extraction technology, and extraction time is long, the drawback that extraction yield is low, energy consumption is high.This method is simple to operate simultaneously, and the polysaccharide yield of extraction is higher, can farthest improve the utilization ratio of waste material, reduces the pollution to environment.
Technical scheme
A kind of from needle mushroom mushroom root waste material, the extraction has the method for cellular immunization active polysaccharide, processes through following method:
1) preparation of needle mushroom mushroom root super-fine powder: after the airing of fresh needle mushroom mushroom root is extremely half-dried, be put in 60 ℃ of air blast oven dry in the baking oven, pulverize through the 30B kibbler then; Double roll crusher is broken; 80 mesh sieve branches, micronizer mill is pulverized, 300 mesh sieve branches; Make needle mushroom mushroom root super-fine powder, place-20 ℃ subsequent use.
2) take by weighing needle mushroom mushroom root super-fine powder; Add and leave standstill 2h under an amount of 85% ethanol room temperature, add deionized water according to ratio of water to material 10~50mL/g again, utilize the DCTZ-2000 thermostatic ultrasonic extractor to remove partial pigment and impurity; With 200~680W supersound extraction, 5~25min, centrifuging and taking supernatant; Supernatant employing Sevag reagent (propyl carbinol: method Deproteinization trichloromethane=1: 4), centrifugal 10min gets supernatant under the 8000r/min condition;
3) use Rotary Evaporators that supernatant concentration is extremely an amount of, add 4 times of volume absolute ethyl alcohols, 4 ℃ of following alcohol precipitation 12h, 5000r/min is centrifugal, and 15min gets deposition, obtains needle mushroom mushroom root Crude polysaccharides powder in 60 ℃ of oven for drying;
4) needle mushroom mushroom root Crude polysaccharides powder is spent ionized water and be made into 10mg/mL solution, add DEAE-Mierocrystalline cellulose-52 exchange column, use deionized water, 0.1,0.3mol/L NaCl solution gradient wash-out then successively, separate obtaining 3 components;
5) calculation formula of Crude polysaccharides yield:
Crude polysaccharides yield (%)=Crude polysaccharides quality (g)/ultra micro grain weight (g) * 100%
Beneficial effect
The present invention compares with traditional hot water extraction, and extraction efficiency is high, and needle mushroom mushroom root polysaccharide yield is high.
In the Application and Development of mushroom root waste material, it is one of critical step that wherein activeconstituents is extracted, and it not only merely affects the yield of product, the direct relation economic benefit, and also the biological activity with product has confidential relation.Because traditional hot water extraction, extraction time is long, and polysaccharide yield is low; Be difficult to farthest improve the utilization ratio of mushroom root waste material, in order to improve this situation, the present invention has adopted ultrasonic wave extraction; Studied the influence of ultrasonic time, ratio of water to material, ultrasonic power these 3 single factors, screened the central point of each factor, on this basis polysaccharide yield; Adopt the BBD method of Design experts V6.0 software, carry out the extracting parameter optimization Test of 3 factors, 3 levels, use Design experts V6.0 software to carry out statistical study simultaneously; Confirm the optimum combination of 3 factor different levelss, optimizing the processing parameter that the extraction of needle mushroom mushroom root polysaccharide at last is ultrasonic power 680W, ultrasonic time 19.8min, and ratio of water to material is 28mL/g; Result of study shows that the yield of needle mushroom mushroom root polysaccharide can reach 16.20%, compares with the traditional hot flooding according to processing parameter of the present invention; Yield has improved 70%, and the time has shortened 92%.
The present invention adopts ultrasonic wave extraction, utilizes multiple effects such as strong cavitation effect that the UW radiation produces, mechanical vibration, disturbance effect, increases frequency and the speed of material molecule, the penetration power of solvent; Thereby the stripping of effective constituent in the promotion cell significantly improves polysaccharide yield and extraction efficiency, and simultaneously to have equipment simple for ultrasonic wave extraction; Processing ease; Applied widely, advantage such as production efficiency is high, and energy waste is little.Therefore, this technology is the making full use of of waste material of needle mushroom mushroom root, has opened up new approach.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention compares with the contrast extraction conditions.
Fig. 2 is needle mushroom mushroom root polysaccharide DEAE-Mierocrystalline cellulose-52 elution curve.
Fig. 3 is the influence to the macrophage proliferation rate of needle mushroom mushroom root polysaccharide and purified components thereof.
Five, embodiment
(1) test design
1, hot water extraction
With reference to accounting for the report of building people such as ripple is that raw material adopts the optimal conditions of traditional hot flooding polysaccharide to make an amendment slightly with the needle mushroom, extracts 80 ℃ of temperature, extraction time 4h, and during ratio of water to material 28ml/g, the yield of polysaccharide is 9.51%.
2, ultrasonic extraction
Select ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time and ratio of water to material to do single factor experiment; Tentatively confirm the optimum range of 3 variablees through single factor experiment; Carry out three factors, three horizontal Box-Behnken test design; The test level and the coding of each factor are listed in table 1, and Box-Behnken test design and response value thereof are seen table 2.
3, elution process:
Needle mushroom mushroom root Crude polysaccharides powder is spent ionized water be made into 10mg/mL solution; (2.6cm * 30cm), each applied sample amount is 10mL, uses deionized water, 0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7mol/L NaCl solution gradient wash-out then successively to add DEAE-Mierocrystalline cellulose-52 exchange column; Use DHL-2B computer digital display constant flow pump control flow velocity to be 1mL/min; Fraction collection (10mL/ pipe) is collected the liquid pipe with phenolsulfuric acid method color developing detection, is to measure absorbancy under the 490nm at wavelength; With the pipe number of collecting is that X-coordinate, light absorption value (490nm) are that ordinate zou is drawn DEAE-Mierocrystalline cellulose-52 chromatographic column elution curve, selects the interval Fractional Collections sample in optimal absorption peak.Elution curve is seen Fig. 2.
4, activity
Adopt the CCK-8 method.Its principle that detects cytoactive is that WST-8 can be reduced to the orange-yellow Jia Za dyestuff with high water soluble by the desaturase in the cell mitochondrial in the viable cell under the effect of electron carrier 1-Methoxy PMS; The quantity of the first Za that generates is directly proportional with the quantity of viable cell; and the quantity of first Za can be weighed with the light absorption value at 450nm place; Thereby the quantity that reflects viable cell indirectly, so in certain cell quantity scope, can be with the quantity of OD450 value reflection survivaling cell.
(2) embodiment
Needle mushroom mushroom root, high solid edible mushrooms scientific & trading Co., Ltd. provides by Nanjing.
Needle mushroom mushroom root super-fine powder: after the airing of fresh needle mushroom mushroom root is extremely half-dried, be put in 60 ℃ of air blast oven dry in the baking oven, pulverize through the 30B kibbler then; Double roll crusher is broken, 80 mesh sieve branches, and micronizer mill is pulverized; 300 mesh sieve branches make needle mushroom mushroom root super-fine powder, place-20 ℃ subsequent use.
Raw materials pretreatment: take by weighing 15g needle mushroom mushroom root super-fine powder, add an amount of 85% absolute ethyl alcohol, leave standstill 2h under the room temperature to remove partial pigment and impurity, 5000r/min is centrifugal, and 10min gets deposition, and is subsequent use.
1, hot water lixiviate needle mushroom mushroom root Crude polysaccharides (contrast)
(1) the learnt from else's experience throw out of alcohol pre-treatment is a benchmark with the raw material, presses ratio of water to material 28mL/g and adds the abundant mixing of 420mL deionized water, lixiviate 4h in 80 ℃ of water-baths (can in good time stir during the lixiviate);
(2) the centrifugal 15min of vat liquor 5000r/min gets supernatant, and supernatant employing Sevag reagent (propyl carbinol: method Deproteinization trichloromethane=1: 4), centrifugal 10min gets supernatant under the 8000r/min condition;
(3) supernatant is put 50 ℃ of Rotary Evaporators (N-1100EYELA type Rotary Evaporators, Tokyo physics and chemistry apparatus Co., Ltd.) and is evaporated in right amount, and liquid concentrator adds 4 times of volume absolute ethyl alcohols in 4 ℃ of refrigerators deposition 12h;
(4) the centrifugal 15min taking precipitate of 5000r/min, throw out is put 60 ℃ of oven for drying, can obtain the needle mushroom mushroom root Crude polysaccharides of hot water lixiviate.The Crude polysaccharides yield is 9.51%, and extraction time is 240min.
2, supersound extraction needle mushroom mushroom root Crude polysaccharides (the present invention)
(1) the learnt from else's experience throw out of alcohol pre-treatment is pressed ratio of water to material 28mL/g and is added the abundant mixing of 420mL deionized water, is ultrasonic 19.8min under the 680W with DCTZ-2000 multipurpose thermostatic ultrasonic extractor (Beijing Hongxianglong Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd) at power;
(2) the centrifugal 15min of vat liquor 5000r/min gets supernatant, and supernatant employing Sevag reagent (propyl carbinol: method Deproteinization trichloromethane=1: 4), centrifugal 10min gets supernatant under the 8000r/min condition;
(3) supernatant is put 50 ℃ of Rotary Evaporators (N-1100EYELA type Rotary Evaporators, Tokyo physics and chemistry apparatus Co., Ltd.) and is evaporated in right amount, and liquid concentrator adds 4 times of volume absolute ethyl alcohols in 4 ℃ of refrigerators deposition 12h;
(4) the centrifugal 15min taking precipitate of 5000r/min, throw out is put 60 ℃ of oven for drying, can obtain the needle mushroom mushroom root Crude polysaccharides of ultrasonic extraction.The Crude polysaccharides yield is 16.20%, and the used time is 19.8min.
As shown in Figure 1, adopt the present invention to compare with traditional hot water extraction, needle mushroom mushroom root Crude polysaccharides yield has improved 70%, and the time has shortened 92%.
3. determination of activity
(1) every hole adds the scavenger cell RAW264.7 cell suspension of 100 μ L logarithmic phases in 96 orifice plates, and final concentration is 2 * 10 5Individual/mL, place 5%CO 2, 37 ℃ of incubators (HEPA Class100 cell culture incubator) cultivate 4h.
(2) discard nutrient solution, every hole adds Crude polysaccharides, FSP-1, FSP-2, the FSP-3 solution of 100 μ L DMEM substratum preparation different concns.Every kind of sample is divided into 4 groups, and the I group adds the DMEM substratum, is the normal control group; II organizes the polysaccharide soln that IV group adds 5 μ g/mL, 25 μ g/mL and 50 μ g/mL respectively, every group establish 4 parallel.
(3) place 5%CO2,37 ℃ of incubators to cultivate 20h 96 orifice plates after, every hole adds 10 μ LCCK-8 solution, room temperature jolts 10min, continues to cultivate 4h, is determined at the absorbancy at 450nm place with ELIASA.
Macrophage proliferation rate calculation formula is following:
Macrophage proliferation rate=A 1/ A 0, A wherein 1Be the light absorption value of sample sets parallel test, A 0Light absorption value for the parallel test of normal control group.
Needle mushroom mushroom root polysaccharide and purified components thereof are as shown in Figure 3 to the influence of macrophage proliferation rate; Except FSP-3; Crude polysaccharides, FSP-1 and FSP-2 greater than 1, explain that Crude polysaccharides, FSP-1 and FSP-2 can promote macrophage proliferation to the proliferation rate of scavenger cell.
The test level and the coding of each factor of table 1 Box-Behnken test design
Figure BSA00000741588400051
Table 2 Box-Behnken test design and response value thereof
Figure BSA00000741588400061

Claims (1)

1. one kind is extracted from needle mushroom mushroom root waste material and has the method for cellular immunization active polysaccharide, and wherein needle mushroom mushroom root is in the needle mushroom course of processing, and the root the base of a fruit branch as waste material is excised comprises:
1) takes by weighing needle mushroom mushroom root super-fine powder; Add and leave standstill 2h under the 85% ethanol room temperature to remove partial pigment and impurity, the centrifuging and taking deposition adds deionized water again; The consumption of deionized water is 10~50mL/g; Utilize thermostatic ultrasonic extractor, with 200~680W supersound extraction, 5~25min, centrifuging and taking supernatant; Supernatant adopts Sevag method Deproteinization, and centrifugal 10min gets supernatant under the 8000r/min condition;
2) use Rotary Evaporators that supernatant is concentrated, in liquid concentrator, add 4 times of volume absolute ethyl alcohols, 4 ℃ of following alcohol precipitation 12h, 5000r/min is centrifugal, and 15min gets deposition, obtains needle mushroom mushroom root Crude polysaccharides powder in 60 ℃ of oven for drying;
3) the Crude polysaccharides powder that makes is spent ionized water and be made into 10mg/mL solution, use DEAE-Mierocrystalline cellulose-52 chromatography column, use deionized water, 0.1,0.3mol/L NaCl solution gradient wash-out successively, obtain 3 components successively; And, find that needle mushroom mushroom root Crude polysaccharides and purified product thereof have immunoregulatory activity through mouse macrophage RAW264.7 culture experiment.
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CN103141816A (en) * 2013-03-19 2013-06-12 中华全国供销合作总社济南果品研究院 Processing method and application of enoki mushroom roots
CN103788223A (en) * 2014-01-16 2014-05-14 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 Extraction method for flammukinan
CN103788223B (en) * 2014-01-16 2016-05-04 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 A kind of extracting method of flammulina velutipes
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CN104277135A (en) * 2014-09-23 2015-01-14 华南农业大学 Pleurotus tuber-regium polysaccharide and extraction method thereof
CN104387485A (en) * 2014-11-12 2015-03-04 绥化学院 Method for extracting polysaccharides in flammulina velutipes by synergism of complex enzymes and high-pressure hot water extraction process
CN105111324A (en) * 2015-08-28 2015-12-02 武汉工程大学 Flash extraction method of polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes leftovers
CN109021138A (en) * 2018-08-09 2018-12-18 合肥福泉现代农业科技有限公司 A method of polyferose is prepared from the polyoses extract of enoki mushroom roots waste
CN109988249A (en) * 2018-11-13 2019-07-09 时代生物科技(深圳)有限公司 The preparation method and applications of flammulina velutipes FVP
CN109988249B (en) * 2018-11-13 2020-12-15 时代生物科技(深圳)有限公司 Preparation method and application of flammulina velutipes polysaccharide FVP

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