A kind of feed addictive and application thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to feed additive field, relate in particular to a kind of feed addictive and application thereof.
Background technology
At present there are two distinct issues in China's feedstuff industry: (1) feed is mouldy.Especially in the south of humidity, the shelf-life of feed has only more than ten day, even added mould inhibitor calcium propionate commonly used, effect is also undesirable.(2) antibiotic abuse.Though add the survival rate that antibiotic can improve brood in the feed, and letting animals feed played promotion growth effect, can cause food-safety problems such as the resistance to the action of a drug.Though the Ministry of Agriculture has forbidden the application of multiple powerful antibiotic in feed; But in case arrived the season of disease pilosity; Owing to be difficult on the market find at present than the effective more bacteriostatic agent of antibiotic; Even Feed Manufacturing manufacturer does not add, culture the staff of factory and still can in feed, add antibiotic to guarantee the survival rate of animal.Therefore, develop efficient, safe Midew preventive for feed and antibiotic growth accelerator, be feed additive industry trend of the times (open outstanding .2010. China's pig feed industry market As-Is analysis and prediction. the feed wide-angle, 4,14-16.).
Except that mould inhibitor and antibiotic growth accelerator, in some special animal feeds such as pig starter feed, also generally add food emulsifier, its main purpose: the one, improve the digestibility of feed fat, and then reach the purpose that promotes piglet growth, improves breeding performonce fo animals.Because feed fat in the alimentary canal of animal, must at first be emulsified into chylomicron, could be absorbed by alimentary canal afterwards; But weanling pig alimentary canal ateliosis, bile salt and lipase hyposecretion are difficult to fat is carried out good emulsification and absorption (Cera KR; Mahan DC, Cross RF, Reinhart GA; Whitmoyer RE.1988.Effect of age; Weaning and postweaning diet on small intestinal growth and jejunal morphology in young swine.Journal of Animal Science, 66,574-584.; Li DF, Thaler RC, Nelssen JL; Harmon DL, Allee GL, Weeden TL.1990.Effect of fat sources and combinations on starter pig performance; Nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology.Journal of Animal Science, 68,3694-3704.); And emulsifying agent can promote or quicken the emulsification of fat, helps the digestion and the absorption of fat.The 2nd, make an addition in the substitute breast milk, to guarantee the even distribution of various nutritional labelings (especially liposoluble constituent) in the substitute breast milk.The 3rd, in the feed processing technology that after employing, sprays, can guarantee the even distribution of lipid material in spray coating liquor, strengthen atomizing effect, improve coating quality.
Lauric monoglyceride is natural to be present in the human milk; It also is the coconut oil intermediate product of metabolism in vivo; Derive from the laurate of natural oil and the lauric monoglyceride that glycerine obtains through esterification, its 26S Proteasome Structure and Function and naturally occurring identical is safe, nontoxic, the polyfunctional food additive of generally acknowledging in the world; It is active to have good emulsification function and broad-spectrum antibacterial; Being widely used in varieties of food items, cosmetics and the medical product, is the GRAS that assert of U.S. FDA (It is generally accepted safety) based food additive, also is the security classes additive that the ministry of Health of China approved is used for varieties of food items.The experimental results shows both at home and abroad; Lauric monoglyceride has good restraining effect (seeing table 1) to common animals pathogenic bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus, Listeria, Bacillus cereus, can also suppress mould and protozoic growth and breedings such as aspergillus niger, mould.The long-term lauric monoglyceride of taking in can not produce drug resistance; Can not destroy micro-ecological environment (the Isaacs CE of animal intestinal yet; Thormar is role of milkderived antimicrobial lipids as antiviral and antibacterial agents.Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology H.1991.The; 310; 159-165.); And certain effect (Kabara JJ.1993.Medium-chain fatty acids and esters.In:Davidson PM, Branen JK, editors.Antimicrobials in foods.2nd ed.New York:Marcel Dekker Inc.) is also arranged to improving animal body immunity.
Table 1 lauric monoglyceride is to the minimum inhibitory concentration (μ g/ml) of common pathogen
Strain name |
pH=5.7 |
pH=7.2 |
Listeria monocytogenes |
12.5 |
12.5 |
Staphylococcus aureus |
8.0 |
12.5 |
Streptococcus fecalis |
12.5 |
25.0 |
Beta hemolytic streptococcus |
- |
12.50 |
Bacillus cereus |
- |
25.0 |
Especially; Lauric monoglyceride can also suppress or stop influenza virus, respiratory system syncytiam virus (Charles E.I.et al.1995), herpes simplex virus, blister stomatitis virus (Halldor Thormar et al.1987) and people's immune deficiency virus (Qingsheng Li etc.; Glycerol monolaurate prevents mucosal SIV transmission; Nature; Vol 458,2009) etc. to the infection of animal body, zoosis toxicity disease played prevention and supplemental treatment effect.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of feed addictive, make an addition in the animal feed, can prevent feed mold, emulsified fat, and reduce antibiotic use, highly effective and safe; With this feed feeding animals, can promote animal to the digesting and assimilating of feed, prevent and treat viral disease, promote growth of animal, improve animal immunizing power and survival rate.
A kind of feed addictive by weight percentage, comprising:
Lauric monoglyceride 20-60%
Calcium propionate 10-40%
Feed vector 0-50%.
Lauric monoglyceride has antibacterial, the antiviral function of mildew-resistant; Simultaneously, still a kind of good food emulsifying agent can improve the fatty digestibility of feed; And laurate belongs to medium chain fatty acid, has the metabolic pathway different with LCFA in animal body, can fast speeds be digested and assimilated, and realizes the purpose of quick energy supply, and this is particularly important with the raising of survival rate to growing of brood.
Calcium propionate is the Midew preventive for feed of using always, and its effective form of really bringing into play mildew-proof function is a propionic acid, therefore must be after the sour environment calcium propionate is converted into propionic acid; Anti-mold effect (Yin Yan preferably just can be arranged; Li Chenbo, Ceng Yelin, Wang Tian .2011. calcium propionate and the application in animal produces thereof. feed industry; 32,15-17.).And lauric monoglyceride does not have dissociation, and the influence that its fungistatic effect is changed by pH hardly is all effective in the pH4-8 scope.Two kinds of raw materials are used according to the above ratio, can play synergy preferably.
Preferably, by weight percentage, described feed addictive comprises:
Lauric monoglyceride 30-55%
Calcium propionate 15-35%
Feed vector 20-50%.
More preferably, by weight percentage, described feed addictive comprises:
Lauric monoglyceride 30-40%
Calcium propionate 15-20%
Feed vector 40-50%.
Calcium propionate is typical ion-type mould inhibitor, in water, can dissolve fully, in the slant acidity environment, is reduced into the propionic acid molecule and acts on fungal cell and play a role; And lauric monoglyceride is the nonionic mould inhibitor, and solubility is lower in water, slowly is scattered in molecular forms and plays antibacterial mildew-proof function in the water.According to each material rate formula feed additive of this preferred version, the synergistic function of lauric monoglyceride and calcium propionate is best.
The monoester content of described lauric monoglyceride is preferably 40-95%.It is synthetic through esterification under certain condition that lauric monoglyceride is generally laurate and glycerine; Often being attended by diester and three esters in its course of reaction generates; Diester and three esters do not have bacteriostasis; And monoesters has been the main component of mildew-proof function, and therefore, the higher lauric monoglyceride of monoester content can play better mildew-proof function.
The particle diameter of described lauric monoglyceride is preferably the 20-100 order, and the lauric monoglyceride of this particle size range helps in feed, evenly disperseing and digesting and assimilating in animal intestinal, can effectively improve the biologically active of feed addictive.The particle diameter of described calcium propionate or feed vector is preferably the 20-100 order, is beneficial to mixing between the raw material.
Described feed vector can be soluble carrier or insoluble carrier; What wherein, soluble carrier can be in maltodextrin, glucose and the soluble starch is at least a; Insoluble carrier can be in corncob material, albumen powder, wheatfeed, oily chaff, rice bran and the zeolite powder at least a.Feed vector can carry active component (lauric monoglyceride and calcium propionate), help lauric monoglyceride and in feed, be uniformly dispersed, and good chemical stability and adsorptivity are arranged, and it is edible material.
Described feed addictive can prepare through following method: it is the 20-100 order that raw material is crushed to particle diameter respectively, mixes, and obtains feed addictive.
The present invention also provides a kind of animal feed, contains above-mentioned feed addictive.This animal feed is difficult for going mouldy, grease emulsifying is effective, and highly effective and safe need not add antibiotic and can directly be used for feeding animals, can effectively improve animal immunizing power and survival rate, prevents and treats viral disease, promotes growth of animal.
Described animal feed can be domestic animals and fowls feed or aquatic animal feed, and domestic animals and fowls can be pig, chicken or duck, and aquatic livestock can be fish or shrimps; The aquatic livestock that is preferably immature domestic animals and fowls or falls ill easily; More preferably immature pig, chicken or the fish that fall ill easily.Adults is compared in evidence, and feed addictive of the present invention is to diseases prevention, the growth promotion better effects if of the aquatic livestock of immature domestic animals and fowls or easy morbidity.
The addition of described feed addictive in animal feed is preferably 0.1-0.4% by weight percentage.Can reach mildew-resistant preferably, diseases prevention, growth promotion effect under this addition, and mouthfeel is suitable, animal capable is accepted, and does not influence animal and normally takes food.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of animal feed, comprising: above-mentioned feed addictive is added in the feedstuff, through mixing or the extruder grain mode makes animal feed.Preferably, adopt the extruder grain mode to prepare described animal feed.The treatment temperature of extruder grain mode is higher, adopts this mode, helps the higher lauric monoglyceride of fusing point and dissolves better, is scattered in the animal feed.
Described extruder grain can adopt comminutor to carry out.
The present invention is a primary raw material with lauric monoglyceride and calcium propionate, is auxiliary material with the feed vector, according to the composite feed addictive that makes of suitable ratio.According to the correlation test result, in damp and hot season, under the normal temperature, the feed that is added with feed addictive of the present invention was preserved after 45 days, and the mould number average is lower than 4.5 * 10 of " forage health standard GB 13078-2001 " regulation
4Do not adding under any antibiotic condition, institute's domesticated animal hair color, the incidence of disease and weightening finish all significantly improve than the contrast of not adding feed addictive of the present invention.Simultaneously, result of the test shows, with lauric monoglyceride and the composite use of calcium propionate, can produce synergistic function preferably.
Feed addictive raw material of the present invention is easy to get, prepares simply, security is good; It is made an addition in the feed, have the function of Midew preventive for feed, antibiotic growth accelerator, emulsifying agent concurrently, have promptly that mildew-resistant is antibacterial, an emulsified fat, minimizing even eliminate multiple function such as antibiotic use, use amount is few but effect is remarkable; The feed that employing is added with this feed addictive is fed and to be raised animal; Can effectively promote animal digesting and assimilating, improving animal immunizing power (particularly can effectively prevent and treat viral disease), promote growth of animal to feed (particularly feed fat); And effectively improve the survival rate of animal, be particularly useful for domestic animals and fowls animal or the easy aquatic livestocks such as fish that fall ill such as immature pig, chicken.
The specific embodiment
According to the following example, can understand the present invention better.Yet described material proportion of embodiment and implementation result on different animals only are used to explain the present invention, and the present invention that should also can not limit in claims to be described in detail.
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, the weight ratio of lauric monoglyceride (monoester content is 70%), calcium propionate and feed vector (maltodextrin) is 3:2:5.
(1) each raw material all being crushed to particle diameter is 30 orders, mixes according to aforementioned proportion then, obtains feed addictive;
(2) feed addictive is joined in the feedstuff (prescription and nutritional labeling are seen table 2) of pig starter feed with 0.1% addition, carry out extruder grain through comminutor again, make pig starter feed.
Comparative Examples 1 is not added feed addictive, and directly the feedstuff with pig starter feed carries out extruder grain through comminutor, makes pig starter feed.
Comparative Examples 2 substitutes feed addictive with Bacitracin Zinc, joins according to the 50mg/kg addition in the feedstuff of pig starter feed, carries out extruder grain through comminutor again, makes pig starter feed.
Mildew test and result
After the pig starter feed of Comparative Examples 1 stored 45 days summer, the mould assay was 1.2 * 10
5After the pig starter feed of embodiment 1 stored 45 days summer, find that feed does not go mouldy, the mould assay is 2.2 * 10
4(be lower than 4.5 * 10 of " forage health standard GB 13078-2001 " regulation
4).The feed addictive that shows embodiment 1 can prevent effectively that pig starter feed from going mouldy.
Animal experiment and result
In swine disease multiple season, with feed respectively weanling pig 1 month of the pig starter feed of Comparative Examples 1-2 and embodiment 1.The result shows, adopts the pig starter feed of embodiment 1, and the piglet feed is normal, the hair color light, and ight soil is fine and smooth, does not have the punishment in advance phenomenon, and the speed of growth is accelerated, and build elongates obviously, the incidence of disease and weightening finish all close with the piglet of Comparative Examples 2 (check p through t>0.05).Simultaneously, compare ratio 1, the piglet daily gain improves 15%, and feed conversion rate improves 20%.Show that the feed addictive that adopts embodiment 1 can reach the result of use of common antibiotics Bacitracin Zinc, and greatly reduced antibiotic use, the feed that makes is highly effective and safe more, can effectively promote piglet growth.
Table 2 piglet diet (feedstuff) prescription and nutritional labeling
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, the weight ratio 3:3:4 of lauric monoglyceride (monoester content is 90%), calcium propionate and feed vector (rice bran).
(1) each raw material all being crushed to particle diameter is 30 orders, mixes according to aforementioned proportion then, obtains feed addictive;
(2) feed addictive is joined in the chicken feed (prescription and nutritional labeling are seen table 3 and table 4) with 0.2% addition, carry out extruder grain through comminutor again, make the chicken feed.
Comparative Examples 3 is not added feed addictive, and directly the feedstuff with the chicken feed carries out extruder grain through comminutor, makes the chicken feed.
Comparative Examples 4 substitutes feed addictive with Bacitracin Zinc, joins according to the 80mg/kg addition in the feedstuff of chicken feed, carries out extruder grain through comminutor again, makes the chicken feed.
Mildew test and result
After the chicken feed of Comparative Examples 3 stored 45 days summer, the mould assay was 2.2 * 10
5After the chicken feed of embodiment 2 stored 45 days summer, find that feed does not go mouldy, the mould assay is 3.6 * 10
4(be lower than 4.5 * 10 of " forage health standard GB 13078-2001 " regulation
4).The feed addictive that shows embodiment 2 can prevent effectively that the chicken feed from going mouldy.
Animal experiment and result
Chicken feed difference feeding dorking and laying hen with Comparative Examples 3-4 and embodiment 2.The result shows, adopts the chicken feed of embodiment 2, and the chicken feed is normal, the weightening finish and the death rate all close with the chicken of Comparative Examples 4 (check p through t>0.05).Simultaneously, compare ratio 3, the fryer death rate on average descends 1%, and daily gain on average increases by 2.5%; Laying rate of laying hen improves 3.5%, and broken soft egg number reduces 1%, and has suppressed the laying rate decrease speed of laying hen.Show that the feed addictive that adopts embodiment 2 can reach the result of use of common antibiotics Bacitracin Zinc, and greatly reduced antibiotic use, the feed that makes is highly effective and safe more, can effectively promote chicken growth and lays eggs.
Table 3 daily ration of broiler (feedstuff) prescription
Table 4 layer diets (feedstuff) prescription
Embodiment 3
In the present embodiment, the weight ratio of lauric monoglyceride (monoester content is 40%), calcium propionate and feed vector (rice bran) is 7:3:10.
(1) each raw material all being crushed to particle diameter is 20 orders, mixes according to aforementioned proportion then, obtains feed addictive;
(2) feed addictive is joined in the little pig feed (prescription and nutritional labeling are seen table 5) with 0.3% addition, carry out extruder grain through comminutor again, make little pig feed.
Comparative Examples 5 is not added feed addictive, and directly the feedstuff with little pig feed carries out extruder grain through comminutor, makes little pig feed.
Comparative Examples 6 substitutes feed addictive with Bacitracin Zinc, joins according to the 50mg/kg addition in the feedstuff of little pig feed, carries out extruder grain through comminutor again, makes little pig feed.
Mildew test and result
After the little pig feed of Comparative Examples 5 stored 45 days summer, the mould assay was 1.7 * 10
5After the little pig feed of embodiment 3 stored 45 days summer, find that feed does not go mouldy, the mould assay is 9.0 * 10
3(be lower than 4.5 * 10 of " forage health standard GB 13078-2001 " regulation
4).The feed addictive that shows embodiment 3 can prevent effectively that the piggy feed from going mouldy.
Animal experiment and result
In swine disease multiple season, with feed respectively piggy 1 month of the piggy feed of Comparative Examples 5-6 and embodiment 3.The result shows, adopts the little pig feed of embodiment 3, and the piggy feed is normal, and the hair color light does not have diarrhoea phenomenon, the incidence of disease and weightening finish all close with the piggy of Comparative Examples 6 (check p through t>0.05).Simultaneously, compare ratio 5, the piggy average daily gain improves 7%, and feed conversion rate improves 25%, delivers for sale in 10 days in advance.Show that the feed addictive that adopts embodiment 3 can reach the result of use of common antibiotics Bacitracin Zinc, and greatly reduced antibiotic use, the feed that makes is highly effective and safe more, can effectively promote the piggy growth.
The little swine rations of table 5 (feedstuff) prescription
Embodiment 4
In the present embodiment, the weight ratio of lauric monoglyceride (monoester content is 70%), calcium propionate and feed vector (maltodextrin) is 3:2:5.
(1) each raw material all being crushed to particle diameter is 25 orders, mixes according to aforementioned proportion then, obtains feed addictive;
(2) feed addictive is joined in the feed of grass carp (prescription and nutritional labeling are seen table 6) with 0.3% addition, carry out extruder grain through comminutor again, make feed of grass carp.
Comparative Examples 7 is not added feed addictive, and directly the feedstuff with feed of grass carp carries out extruder grain through comminutor, makes feed of grass carp.
Comparative Examples 8 substitutes feed addictive with Bacitracin Zinc, joins according to the 50mg/kg addition in the feedstuff of feed of grass carp, carries out extruder grain through comminutor again, makes feed of grass carp.
Mildew test and result
After the feed of grass carp of Comparative Examples 7 stored 45 days summer, the mould assay was 1.9 * 10
5After the feed of grass carp of embodiment 4 stored 45 days summer, find that feed does not go mouldy, the mould assay is 7.9 * 10
3(be lower than 4.5 * 10 of " forage health standard GB 13078-2001 " regulation
4).The feed addictive that shows embodiment 4 can prevent effectively that feed of grass carp from going mouldy.
Animal experiment and result
With the feed of grass carp of Comparative Examples 7-8 and embodiment 4 grass carp of feeding respectively.The result shows, adopts the feed of grass carp of embodiment 4, and the fish feed is normal, weightening finish and survival rate all close with the fish of Comparative Examples 8 (check p through t>0.05).Simultaneously, compare ratio 7, the grass carp survival rate improves 7%, and average growth rate improves 12%, and efficiency of feed utilization improves 12%.Show that the feed addictive that adopts embodiment 4 can reach the result of use of common antibiotics Bacitracin Zinc, and greatly reduced antibiotic use, the feed that makes is highly effective and safe more, can effectively promote the grass carp growth.
Table 6 grass carp daily ration (feedstuff) prescription