CN102692422B - 一种计量型高精度x射线显微镜扫描样品台 - Google Patents

一种计量型高精度x射线显微镜扫描样品台 Download PDF

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CN102692422B
CN102692422B CN201210201001.3A CN201210201001A CN102692422B CN 102692422 B CN102692422 B CN 102692422B CN 201210201001 A CN201210201001 A CN 201210201001A CN 102692422 B CN102692422 B CN 102692422B
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须颖
董友
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Tianjin Sanying Precision Instruments Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种计量型高精度x射线显微镜扫描样品台,扫描转台(2)安装在固定底座(1)上,扫描转台(2)提供被扫描样品所需的旋转扫描运动,扫描转台(2)上部固定安装三维定位平台(6),固定底座(1)外侧安装传感器安装座(3),传感器安装座(3)上分别安装径向跳动误差测量传感器(4)与轴向跳动误差和摆动误差测量传感器组(5),样品架(8)固定于y方向平台之上;可实现样品扫描台旋转过程中转轴的径向误差、轴向误差与转轴摆动误差的实时测量,所测量的误差结果可以用来对样品运动进行误差修正,解决了扫描样品台由于精度误差导致三维图像重构失真的难题。

Description

一种计量型高精度x射线显微镜扫描样品台
技术领域
本发明属于显微CT扫描成像技术领域,特别涉及一种计量型高精度x射线显微镜扫描样品台。
背景技术
近年来显微CT技术在科研和工业领域日益受到重视,其应用领域涵盖了新型材料、半导体/微电子、石油/采矿/地质、考古/文物、生物/医疗、生命科学、食品检测、空间技术、军工/国防等多个领域。因此,产品有着巨大的潜在市场规模。
由于x射线的穿透特点,使得复杂零件内部结构的测量成为可能。恰好弥补了三坐标测量机等传统精密测量仪器只能对外部尺寸进行测量的先天不足。
图1为x射线扫描成像原理图。X射线源发出的x射线穿透样品后进入成像***,通过成像***处理后即可获得扫描图像。扫描样品台在扫描过程中,理论上必须保持x射线光束中轴、样品观测中心点及成像***中心相对位置保持不变。实际中,由于扫描样品台的精度所限,在扫描过程中往往由于转轴的跳动和摆动,使得上述要求难以满足,导致图像的重构出现误差或失真。因而,样品台的转轴的位置精度对扫描后的成像是否存在失真起到至关重要的作用。CT扫描样品台的精度误差主要由关键零部件在其加工与装配过程中产生,导致样品在扫描过程中观测中心出现径向跳动、轴向跳动以及轴线摆动,转台旋转过程中转轴的位置误差将导致样品位置的偏移,进而导致成像误差。通用扫描样品台的精度一般难以满足高分辨率成像的需求,使得扫描结果与被扫描物体实际结构之间存在一定的失真,因此需要对扫描台转轴的跳动与摆动误差进行测量和修正。样品台转轴位置误差可分为五个分量,即沿x、y、z三个方向的跳动及绕x轴与z轴的摆动。由于x射线显微***的成像特点,沿x方向的转轴跳动误差与沿z轴的轴线摆动误差对成像精度影响不大,一般可以忽略不计,本发明中配置的传感器***只测量y与z方向的跳动与沿x轴的轴线摆动误差,并对样品台在这三个方向的误差进行修正。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种能减小或消除由转台转轴的位置精度误差而导致扫描图像失真的计量型高精度x射线显微镜扫描样品台。
本发明的技术方案是:
一种计量型高精度x射线显微镜扫描样品台,扫描转台(2)安装在固定底座(1)上,扫描转台(2)提供被扫描样品所需的旋转扫描运动,扫描转台(2)上部固定安装三维定位平台(6),固定底座(1)外侧安装传感器安装座(3),传感器安装座(3)上分别安装径向跳动误差测量传感器(4)与轴向跳动误差和摆动误差测量传感器组(5),样品架(8)固定于y方向平台之上;轴向跳动误差和摆动误差测量传感器组(5)包括两个个传感器,所述两个传感器沿固定底座(1)的对称中心对称分布;所述两个传感器输出值的平均值即为测得的扫描转台(2)的轴向跳动误差;所述两个传感器输出值的差值即为扫描转台(2)的摆动误差;径向跳动误差测量传感器(4)用于测量出扫描过程中扫描转台(2)转轴发生径向跳动引起的径向跳动误差;根据所述轴向跳动误差、所述摆动误差、所述径向跳动误差,消除由误差导致的图像失真。
所述的扫描样品台,所述三维定位平台(6)包括三个可分别沿x、y、z方向自由移动的平台z方向平台可沿固定安装在扫描转台(2)上的导轨移动,x方向平台可沿固定安装在z向平台上的导轨移动,y方向平台可沿固定安装在x向平台上的导轨移动;通过调整三个平台的位置,即可实现对样品扫描位置三个方向的精确定位。
所述的扫描样品台,所述三维定位平台(6)采用桥式结构,y方向移动主要在扫描转台(2)的中空内移动,降低了扫描样品台的高度。
根据径向误差测量传感器与轴向误差和摆动误差测量传感器的测量数据,可采用主动修正控制方法对扫描转台进行误差修正,也可采用数学算法在三维图像重构过程中对跳动误差进行修正。
附图说明
图1为x射线显微镜扫描成像原理图;
图2为本发明计量型高精度x射线显微镜扫描样品台结构主视图;
图3为本发明计量型高精度x射线显微镜扫描样品台结构俯视图;
图4为本发明计量型高精度x射线显微镜扫描样品结构台立体图;
图5为本发明误差计算原理图。
1底座;2扫描转台;3传感器安装座;4径向跳动误差测量传感器;5轴向跳动误差和摆动误差测量传感器组;6三维定位平台;7标定球;8样品架。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例,对本发明进行详细说明。
参阅图2~图4,扫描转台2安装在固定底座1上,扫描转台2上部固定安装三维定位平台6,三维定位平台包括三个可分别沿x、y、z方向自由移动的平台。工作时z方向平台可沿固定安装在扫描转台2上的导轨移动,x方向平台可沿固定安装在z向平台上的导轨移动,y方向平台可沿固定安装在x向平台上的导轨移动。通过调整三个平台的位置,即可实现对样品扫描位置三个方向的精确定位。固定底座1外侧安装传感器安装座3,传感器安装座3上分别安装径向跳动误差测量传感器4与轴向跳动误差和摆动误差测量传感器组5,样品架8固定于y方向平台之上。
扫描前,样品可通过三维定位平台6在x、y、z三个自由度方向进行调整,实现样品的精确定位。扫描样品时,可通过控制安装在固定底座1上的扫描转台2实现样品的旋转运动。
标定时,将标准的标定球7放在样品架8上方,对标准的标定球7进行扫描,通过投影图像测量标定球7在扫描过程中的位置误差,推出各传感器输出与扫描转台2误差之间的函数关系。在实测样品时利用此函数关系式,根据各传感器的读出,获得实际样品的位置误差。
参阅图5,轴向跳动误差和摆动误差测量传感器组5包括两个个传感器,这两个传感器沿固定底座1的对称中心对称分布。两个传感器输出值的平均值即为测得的扫描转台2的轴向(图中y轴方向)跳动误差;两个传感器输出值的差值即为扫描转台2的摆动误差。工作过程中,径向跳动误差测量传感器4通过测量z方向平台的跳动大小获取扫描转台2的径向跳动误差。轴向跳动误差和摆动误差测量传感器组5沿z方向分别安放在扫描样品台两端,扫描过程中若扫描转台2发生y方向的移动或摆动,设发生移动或摆动时样品台位置由基准面A1-B1移动至A2-B2平面,则A2点与B2点沿z方向的坐标变化即为转轴的z方向跳动误差,y方向坐标的均值即为样品台转轴y方向的轴向跳动误差,y方向坐标的差值即为转轴的摆动误差θ。
若扫描过程中扫描转台2的转轴发生径向跳动、轴向跳动与摆动,则扫描成像后获得的二维成像图像与扫描样品内部实际结构之间存在一定的偏移或摆动,若采用这些带有偏移或摆动的二维图像进行三维重构,则生成的三维图像必定存在失真。本发明根据径向跳动误差测量传感器与轴向跳动误差和摆动误差测量传感器组5的测量误差,可采用主动修正控制方法对扫描转台2进行误差修正,也可采用数学算法在三维图像重构过程中对跳动误差进行修正,即可减小或消除由转台转轴的位置误差精度而导致扫描图像失真问题。
若扫描过程中扫描转台2转轴发生径向跳动,则径向跳动误差测量传感器4可测量出该误差的大小,将该误差值反馈至控制器中,控制器控制三维定位平台6向跳动误差相反方向移动,移动位移的大小与跳动误差相等,即可消除误差对图像的影响;
若扫描过程中样品台转轴发生径向跳动、轴向跳动与摆动,则径向跳动误差测量传感器4与轴向跳动误差和摆动误差测量传感器组5可实时测量出误差的大小。若扫描过程中有误差存在,则扫描过程完成后,获得的图像是具有图像偏移或摆动的失真二维图像,在进行三维重构时,首先对对扫描获得的二维失真图像进行数学算法处理,将传感器测量的误差值带入将二维图像算法修正公式中,消除二维图像的偏移与摆动,再进行图像的三维重构,即可消除由误差导致的图像失真问题。
应当理解的是,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种计量型高精度x射线显微镜扫描样品台,其特征在于,扫描转台(2)安装在固定底座(1)上,扫描转台(2)提供被扫描样品所需的旋转扫描运动,扫描转台(2)上部固定安装三维定位平台(6),三维定位平台包括三个可分别沿x、y、z方向自由移动的平台,固定底座(1)外侧安装传感器安装座(3),传感器安装座(3)上分别安装径向跳动误差测量传感器(4)与轴向跳动误差和摆动误差测量传感器组(5),样品架(8)固定于y方向平台之上;轴向跳动误差和摆动误差测量传感器组(5)包括两个传感器,所述两个传感器沿固定底座(1)的对称中心对称分布;所述两个传感器输出值的平均值即为测得的扫描转台(2)的轴向跳动误差;所述两个传感器输出值的差值即为扫描转台(2)的摆动误差;径向跳动误差测量传感器(4)用于测量出扫描过程中扫描转台(2)转轴发生径向跳动引起的径向跳动误差;根据所述轴向跳动误差、所述摆动误差、所述径向跳动误差,消除由误差导致的图像失真。
2.根据权利要求1所述的扫描样品台,其特征在于,所述z方向平台可沿固定安装在扫描转台(2)上的导轨移动,所述x方向平台可沿固定安装在z向平台上的导轨移动,所述y方向平台可沿固定安装在x向平台上的导轨移动;通过调整三个平台的位置,即可实现对样品扫描位置三个方向的精确定位。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的扫描样品台,其特征在于,三维定位平台(6)采用桥式结构,y方向移动主要在扫描转台(2)的中空内移动,降低了扫描样品台的高度。
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