CN102689097B - Method for deeply processing metal material by aid of laser - Google Patents
Method for deeply processing metal material by aid of laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN102689097B CN102689097B CN201210145200.7A CN201210145200A CN102689097B CN 102689097 B CN102689097 B CN 102689097B CN 201210145200 A CN201210145200 A CN 201210145200A CN 102689097 B CN102689097 B CN 102689097B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for deeply processing a metal material by the aid of laser. A processed area is determined by a CCD (charge coupled device) positioning system, a layer of special material is coated on the surface of the metal material to eliminate influences of processing heat in advance, and after passing through a beam expander with the proper magnification and a lens with the proper focal length, pulse light transmitted by a laser device is focused on the surface of the metal material and matches with selected laser processing parameters so that deep processing is carried out. Compared with other processing modes (such as linear cutting), the method is higher in flexibility, and can be used for processing various patterns which cannot be processed by linear cutting or chemical etching. When products (such as blind holes) do not need to be perforated, laser can be directly used for processing shapes with smaller sharp corners as compared with milling and cutting processing owing to the characteristics of small light spot and high energy density of ht laser. Besides, the surface of the processed material is coated with aqueous compound coating before the material is processed, so that edges processed by the laser are smoother.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing laser to carry out metal material deep processing, belong to metal material technical field.
Background technology
In industrial circle application, use metal material more common as mechanism's part of the shell of equipment, product and inside at present.In the operation of processing, often can on stainless steel, aluminum alloy casing, process the demand of certain depth.By deep processing enter into next process location, inlay, meet the configuration design requirement of product, play the effect that beautifies product layout.Generally adopt now car, milling, CNC processing or use chemical attack to carry out deep processing.It is larger and receive the problems such as the processed complex of material that but said method can not solve wedge angle, efficiency, equipment consumptive material.For example, CNC adds man-hour, owing to being subject to the restriction of cutter, cannot processing and be with angular groove in bending place.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing laser to carry out metal material deep processing.Utilize laser high power density, a kind of method that the feature that peak power is high is processed metal material in conjunction with the characteristic of coating, solves the indeterminable problem of traditional diamond-making technique; Can coordinate traditional processing method, first utilize milling to process after general profile, recycling Laser Processing go out milling machine undressed go out wedge angle part, also can directly utilize Laser Processing to meet the requirement of different depth, effect, efficiency.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides a kind of method of utilizing laser to carry out metal material deep processing, said method comprising the steps of:
A) utilize CCD navigation system to determine the Working position of metal material surface to be processed;
B) be coated with one deck hydrophilic compounds at metal material surface to be processed, and freeze to coating the metal material surface to be processed of hydrophilic compounds that (mode by Air Flow is freezed by air compressor
Reach the generation that reduces Cucumber, reduce edge heat affecting and harsh feeling);
C) to step B) metal material surface to be processed of gained carries out Laser Processing.
Preferentially, wherein said steps A) also comprise that before employing Milling Machine processes the step of the largest contours of metal material required form.
Preferentially, wherein said steps A) be specially: go out at radium carving software inediting the processing part that described carving milling machine has been failed, utilize CCD navigation system to determine Working position, and select average output power to be less than the optical fiber laser of 50W, the focus lamp of F=160mm, infrared 7X beam expanding lens and high-velocity scanning galvanometer.
Preferentially, the sweep speed≤7000mm/s of wherein said high-velocity scanning galvanometer, repetitive positioning accuracy <8uRad./DEG C.
Preferentially, wherein said step B) in hydrophilic compounds be NaOH or glycerine.
Preferentially, wherein said step C) be specially: the pulsed light sending from optical fiber laser focuses on metal material surface to be processed after beam expanding lens and scanning galvanometer, coordinate the laser processing parameter setting to carry out radium carving, in the time that working depth reaches predetermined value, can stop radium carving.
Preferentially, wherein: described laser processing parameter is set as: the 90%(that the power output of optical fiber laser is set to average output power 90% of the power that reaches capacity, as to select power be the optical fiber laser of 20W, setting value reaches 18W; Set value too small, optical fiber laser efficiency step-down; But excessive, the optical fiber laser life-span can shorten), frequency 35-45KHZ; The sweep speed of scanning galvanometer is 1000mm/s-1500mm/s; Interstitial wire spacing is 0.02-0.03mm.
Preferentially, wherein said metal material is aluminium alloy or stainless steel.
The advantage that the present invention has is:
1, compared with other processing modes (as line cutting), the method flexibility is higher, can realize various patterns, and this is that line cutting and chemical etching do not possess;
2,, for not needing the product (similar blind hole) that penetrates of processing, than milling, cut processing, laser, because its hot spot is little, energy density is high, can directly process the shape with less wedge angle;
3, after a kind of aqueous compounds coating is coated on institute's rapidoprint surface, process, can make Laser Processing edge Paint Gloss;
4, optical fiber laser good beam quality, the hot spot selected are little, pulse width, and peak power is high, coordinates the taper ratio common configuration processing tapering of suitable optical component working groove little;
5, laser processing parameter is selected high-speed high frequency, can process smooth bottom surface.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is process chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 light channel structure simplified schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the process chart of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 4 is the process chart of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
[main Reference numeral]
1-optical fiber laser; 2-beam expanding lens; 3-lens; 4-scanning galvanometer; CCD navigation system-5;
A1, A2-CNC machining profile step;
B1, B2-draw graphics processing and set machined parameters;
C1, C2-shadow region are coated with hydrophilic compounds step;
D1, D2-CCD locate and press setup parameter procedure of processing.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention utilizes CCD navigation system to determine machining area, surface is coated with in advance last layer hydrophilic compounds (NaOH) and eliminates processing heat affecting, and the pulsed light sending from laser instrument focuses on metal material surface and coordinates the laser processing parameter of optimizing to ensure deep processing efficiency and effect after the beam expanding lens of suitable multiple and the lens of proper focal length.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the method for utilizing laser to carry out metal material processing of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Step 1, fixation and recognition: adopt CCD navigation system 5 to carry out reality not to machining area, determine the graph position of processing.
Step 2, optic path and processing: laser from the port of optical fiber laser 1 out, through beam expanding lens 2, it is large that hot spot becomes, and the compression angle of divergence (being convenient to obtain better gathering performance) arrives scanning galvanometer 4, control the track of light by a pair of speculum of galvanometer 4, then arrive focus lamp 3 and focus on, finally arrive machined surface, material is processed.
The technological parameter of different metal material processing has certain difference.The surface state of different materials itself is different to the absorption of light with material itself, and the height of the molten boiling point of material all can cause technological parameter to have certain difference.Such as, process 6063 onesize aluminium alloys and 304 stainless steels, processing aluminium, the galvanometer speed in technological parameter can be selected fast, and stainless steel we can select low comparatively speaking speed.Onesize stainless steel and aluminium alloy, same under the effect of laser, it is large that the needed single pulse energy of stainless steel is wanted.Simultaneously stainless molten boiling point is all high than aluminium, so in the time of processing stainless steel, select low speed, low frequency processing, ensures that stainless steel is adding the temperature in man-hour (when high speed, stainless steel self-temperature declines very fast).And processing is when aluminium alloy, can select at a high speed, high frequency.Under the prerequisite of laser instrument of selecting same power, bi-material is worked into the same degree of depth, stainless steel need to spend the longer time.
Step 3, processing: the 1) selection of equipment, the optical fiber laser of selection 20W, the beam expanding lens of suitable multiple and scanning galvanometer.Reason is the laser instrument that power is higher, and optical mode is Comparatively speaking poor, has impact on the shading after processing is smooth with edge effect.In general the optical mode of 20W can meet the demands, simultaneously also guaranteed to the efficiency of processing.Then the scanning galvanometer of selecting specific beam expanding lens and coupling is the spot size that can control after focusing.In experimentation, we find that by repeatedly changing different optical arrangement the hot spot after focusing is excessive or too small, are all not suitable for processing needed effect and efficiency.Only have when focal beam spot size at some desired values time efficiency be best.
2) setting of technological parameter: defining 2 minutes is unit, the figure that marking is same.Adopt different process velocities and fill spacing, select optimal parameter.For example, process aluminium alloy in experiment, the sweep speed of selecting scanning galvanometer is 1000mm/s, and frequency is 35Khz-45Khz.The distance between centers of tracks of filling is controlled at 0.025-0.03mm, adopts 0 degree and 90 degree bilateral scannings to ensure the planarization of bottom simultaneously.The interstitial wire spacing 0.03mm of graphics processing in fixing machining software, optical fiber laser frequency changes to 50KHZ from 20KHZ, the sweep speed of galvanometer changes to 1000mm/s from 100mm/s, do the transformation matrices of a speed and frequency, therefrom find that working (machining) efficiency is the highest, processing shading smooth one group of parameter or a regional extent.Certainly also want fixed speed, do the transformation matrices of a frequency and distance between centers of tracks; Fixed frequency, does the transformation matrices of a speed and distance between centers of tracks.Finally go to one group of optimal processing parameter or an optimal processing parameters region from all extracting data.
3) edited graphics processing, set after parameter, with CCD system definite Working position automatically.
4) be coated with last layer hydrophilic compounds at material surface to be processed, ensure the smooth of processing edge.
Attention: if ensure aerobic environment in process, the efficiency of whole processing has general 20% lifting.
Below with reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
Taking processing leaf pattern as example, as shown in Figure 3, upper at thick 6061 aluminium alloy plates of 1mm (commercial), process a Leaves'Shape pattern (dimension of picture is 15mmx40mm), working depth 0.3mm; Concrete steps are as follows:
Steps A 1: first adopt Milling Machine to process the largest contours of leaf;
Step B1: carve the processing part that milling machine has been failed in radium carving software inediting goes out steps A 1, (identification needs the graph position of processing to utilize CCD navigation system, ensure the relative position of Laser Processing figure and CNC machined profile) determine Working position, and select the optical fiber laser of power 20W (to provide light source, machining energy source), F=160mm focus lamp (focuses on the hot spot that laser instrument forms after beam expanding lens, improve the power density of hot spot), 7X beam expanding lens (the angle of divergence of compression light source, improve the quality of light beam) and German S10 high-velocity scanning galvanometer (sweep speed≤7000mm/s, repetitive positioning accuracy <8uRad./DEG C, control the machining path of laser projection to machined surface, the processing graphic pattern that acquisition sets, ensure the precision of processing),
Step C1: be coated with one deck hydrophilic compounds (NaOH) at material surface to be processed;
Step D1: the pulsed light sending from above-mentioned optical fiber laser focuses on metal material surface and coordinates the laser parameter setting (sweep speed of galvanometer: 1000mm/s, frequency 45KHZ, optical fiber laser reach power 90% after beam expanding lens and scanning galvanometer; Interstitial wire spacing 0.03mm) processing part that Milling Machine in steps A has been failed carries out radium carving, when working depth reaches 0.3mm, can stop radium carving.If ensure that processing edge tapering is less, the process velocity at leaf edge can be set separately, can be down to 300-400mm/s.
Embodiment 2:
To process a five-pointed star pattern as example, as shown in Figure 4, the T magnesium-aluminum alloy plate that is 1mm at thickness (trade mark T934, commercial) is upper, processes a five-pointed star pattern (dimension of picture is 40mmx40mm), working depth 0.4mm; Concrete steps are as follows:
Steps A 2: first adopt Milling Machine to process the largest contours of five-pointed star;
Step B2: carve the processing part that milling machine has been failed in radium carving software inediting goes out steps A 2, (identification needs the graph position of processing to utilize CCD navigation system, ensure the relative position of Laser Processing figure and CNC machined profile) determine Working position, and select the optical fiber laser of power 20W (to provide light source, machining energy source), F=160mm focus lamp (focuses on the hot spot that laser instrument forms after beam expanding lens, improve the power density of hot spot), 7X beam expanding lens (the angle of divergence of compression light source, improve the quality of light beam) and German S10 high-velocity scanning galvanometer (sweep speed≤7000mm/s, repetitive positioning accuracy <8uRad./DEG C, control the machining path of laser projection to machined surface, the processing graphic pattern that acquisition sets, ensure the precision of processing),
Step C2: be coated with one deck hydrophilic compounds (NaOH) at material surface to be processed;
Step D2: the pulsed light sending from above-mentioned optical fiber laser focuses on metal material surface and coordinates the laser parameter setting identical with embodiment 1 (sweep speed of galvanometer: 1000mm/s, frequency 45KHZ, optical fiber laser power reach 90% after beam expanding lens and scanning galvanometer; Interstitial wire spacing 0.03mm) processing part that Milling Machine in steps A has been failed carries out radium carving, when working depth reaches 0.4mm, can stop radium carving.If ensure that processing edge tapering is less, the process velocity at leaf edge can be set separately, can be down to 300-400mm/s.
Metal material is after deep processing, and its intensity, resistance to deformation various aspects of performance all reach requirement, just for the such material of stainless steel, because material surface is destroyed, advises painting after deep processing, anti-oxidation.
Institute it should be noted that, above detailed description of the invention is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. utilize laser to carry out a method for metal material deep processing, it is characterized in that: said method comprising the steps of:
A-1) adopt Milling Machine to process the largest contours of metal material required form;
A) utilize CCD navigation system to determine the Working position of metal material surface to be processed: to go out at radium carving software inediting the processing part that described Milling Machine has been failed, utilize CCD navigation system to determine Working position, and select average output power to be less than the optical fiber laser of 50W, the focus lamp of focal length F=160mm, infrared 7X beam expanding lens and high-velocity scanning galvanometer; Wherein, the sweep speed≤7000mm/s of described high-velocity scanning galvanometer, repetitive positioning accuracy <8uRad./DEG C;
B) be coated with one deck hydrophilic compounds at metal material surface to be processed, and by air compressor, the metal material surface to be processed of coating hydrophilic compounds freezed;
C) to step B) metal material surface to be processed of gained carries out Laser Processing.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step B) in hydrophilic compounds be NaOH or glycerine.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step C) be specially: the pulsed light sending from optical fiber laser focuses on metal material surface to be processed after beam expanding lens and scanning galvanometer, coordinate the laser processing parameter setting to carry out radium carving, in the time that working depth reaches predetermined value, can stop radium carving.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described laser processing parameter is set as: the power output of optical fiber laser is set to 90% of average output power, frequency 35-45KHZ; The sweep speed of scanning galvanometer is 1000mm/s-1500mm/s; Interstitial wire spacing is 0.02-0.03mm.
5. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described metal material is aluminium alloy or stainless steel.
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| CN107755199A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-03-06 | 中日龙电器制品(深圳)有限公司 | A kind of plastic cement products application laser integral processing method |
| CN108393590B (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2021-04-30 | 武汉华工激光工程有限责任公司 | Process method for removing PVD (physical vapor deposition) coating on sapphire 3D surface by laser |
| CN111945115A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-11-17 | 常州星宇车灯股份有限公司 | Method for processing surface film of car lamp part |
| CN111774720B (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2022-02-08 | 贵州大学 | Method for deep processing of metal material by laser |
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| US20100102046A1 (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2010-04-29 | Bin Huang | Laser Machining Medical Devices With Localized Cooling |
| JP5627201B2 (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2014-11-19 | 三星ダイヤモンド工業株式会社 | Cleaving method of brittle material substrate |
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| CN1640606A (en) * | 2004-01-05 | 2005-07-20 | 梁吉旺 | Plate cutting apparatus |
| CN1827284A (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2006-09-06 | 江苏大学 | Hole-forming method and device based on laser shock wave technology |
| CN101474721A (en) * | 2009-01-16 | 2009-07-08 | 深圳市木森科技有限公司 | Laser processing method and laser machining apparatus |
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Effective date of registration: 20180622 Address after: 223814 north side of Yongjin Road, Sucheng Economic Development Zone, Suqian, Jiangsu Patentee after: Jiangsu Laser Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 430223 laser Industrial Park, science and Technology Park, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, East Lake Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei Patentee before: Huagong Laser Engineering Co., Ltd., Wuhan |