CN102687651A - Integral prevention and control method for dark plum pest diseases - Google Patents
Integral prevention and control method for dark plum pest diseases Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an integral prevention and control method for dark plum pest diseases and belongs to the field of fruit tree pest disease prevention and treatment. The integrated assembly is carried out on five prevention and treatment measures including pest condition monitoring, agricultural prevention and treatment, physical prevention and treatment, biological prevention and treatment and chemical prevention and treatment by aiming at the four phenological periods including the sprouting and flowering period, the young sprout growth and fruit development period, the fruit harvesting and nutrition recovering period and the leaf falling and dormancy period in the annual growth process of the dark plum, the respective defects in the use process are overcome, the cooperated pest disease control effect is sufficiently realized, and the integral prevention and control measures applicable to the pest diseases in each phonological period are provided. The method provided by the invention can be used for effectively controlling the occurrence and the harm of the major pest diseases of the dark plum, the harm of the pest diseases of the dark plum is controlled in an economic threshold value range, the use times and the consumption of pesticide are obviously reduced, the important significance is realized on the public-hazard-free dark plum production and the environment protection, and the harmless production of the dark plum and the virtuous cycle of the natural ecological system are realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of comprehensive preventing control method of black Lee's damage by disease and insect, belong to the pest and disease control of fruit trees field.
Background technology
Lee is the perennial deciduous fruit tree of rose family Rosaceae Prunus Prunus, and China's cultivation history is long, and planting area spreads all over Plain, hills and mountain region.In recent years, along with the crop mix adjustment, area under cultivation and output further enlarge, and have been become " big fruit " gradually by " little assorted fruit ", have brought huge benefits to peasant household.Fujian Province is lotus Lee, Hei Li and bright red Lee's major production areas, and cultivated area accounts for the whole nation the 4th, and output accounts for the whole nation the 2nd, occupies very important seat in China.In recent years, along with the adjustment optimization of pattern of farming, high-quality, high-grade black Lee that eats raw enjoy attention, have become leading varieties of plant.
Black Li Zhounian process of growth experience rudiment and flowering stage, shoot growth and fruit development period, fruit harvesting and 4 thing marquis phases such as nutrition rehabilitation phase, fallen leaves and resting stage.1. rudiment and flowering stage: from late Febuary to late March, wherein late Febuary is the budding period, the first tenday period of a month March early flowering season, full-bloom stage the middle ten days in March, Flowers ending last ten-days period in March.2. shoot growth and fruit development period: from early April to late June; Wherein young sprout is followed fruit growth; For the first time April physiological fallen fruit phase early and middle ten days, late April physiological fallen fruit phase is to the first tenday period of a month in May for the second time, fruit stone early and middle ten days in May phase; Fruit expanding period the first tenday period of a month in May are to early June, painted mid or late June phase.3. fruit harvesting and nutrition rehabilitation phase: from July to October, wherein July fruit harvesting phase, the nutrition rehabilitation phase 8 is to October.4. fallen leaves and resting stage: from mid-February in November to the coming year, November in leaf fall period wherein, mid-February in December resting stage to the coming year.
In recent years, in 4 thing marquis phases of black Li Zhounian growth, damage by disease and insect is on the rise, and investigation is found: deceive the Li Changjian disease have 20 surplus kind, the fruit of wherein causing harm anthracnose, shot hole, pocket fruit diseases and brown rot etc. are arranged; The cause harm bacillary shothole disease of having of blade, yellowtop, leaf-curl and red spot disease etc.; The disease of rhizome limb of causing harm has gummosis, rot, root knot, felt fungus and the rotten disease of branch etc.Common insect has kind more than 70, the having that peach fruit moth, dichocrocis punctiferalis, oriental fruit moth, big gourdshaped weevil, apricot tiger resemble, tea wing stinkbug, oriental moth, numb skin stinkbug, spend strong different stinkbug and citrus fruit fly etc. of the fruit of wherein causing harm; What cause harm blade has black peach aphid, spiraea aphid, Lee's short-tail aphid, hyaloptera aphid, pear crown network pentatomidae, anomala corpulenta, black agate suede cockchafer, some leafhopper, boat-shaped caterpillar, malacosoma neustria, peach leaf miner and a Lee lappet moth etc.; What cause harm rhizome limb has longicorn beetle, pink neck longicorn, mulberry longicorn, top spot knurl tube longicorn, anoplophora glabripennis, the hard a red-spotted lizard of Korea's ball, Ceroplastes japonicus Green, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, the long white armored scale of Japan, citrus red mite, tetranychus viennensis and a Tetranychus urticae etc.At present; The damage by disease and insect that need attract great attention has bacillary shothole disease, anthracnose, gummosis, heart-eating worm, longicorn, aphid, two spotted spider mite, noctuid, chafer etc.; They have had a strong impact on black Lee's health plantation, and peasant household is very urgent to the Prevention Technique demand of these damage by disease and insect.
Present stage, the prevention and control measure that is used for black Lee's damage by disease and insect comprises the monitoring of disease insect pest situation, cultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control.Insect pest situation monitoring: utilize phenology method, phase to carry out disease insect pest situation prediction apart from methods such as method, effective accumulated temperature methods.Cultural control: cause harm from selecting for use aspects such as pest-resistant cultivar, reinforcement cultivation management to set about reducing the disease worm; Advantage is convenient, economical, has prevention effect; Shortcoming is uncontrollable to the sick worm of having taken place.Physical control: utilize manual catching and killing, trunk to whitewash or methods such as wrapping, colour table (yellow plate, backboard etc.), lure, the cruel liquid of sugar and light trap alleviate; Advantage: the most direct and effective, do not destroy the ecological balance, do not produce the 3R consequence, shortcoming: it is dynamic to need better to grasp sick worm generation, selects prevent and treat suitable period, and needs more manpower and materials, and it is slightly high to relate to cost, like manual catching and killing and fly net etc.Biological control: utilize natural enemy birds and insect, fungi and living resources such as bacterium, pathogenic nematode to control disease worm population; Advantage: in case in environment, adapt to just can be permanently effective sick worm is controlled at cause harm below horizontal; Keep ecological balance; Guarantee permanent development, free from environmental pollution, do not produce the 3R consequence; Shortcoming is to use various condition restriction such as receiving geographical environment, weather often, and control has selectivity.Chemical control: utilize the black Lee's damage by disease and insect of various chemical agent controls; Advantage: quick-acting is better, does not receive the restriction of area, season and area etc., and various sick worms are all had good control efficiency; Shortcoming is that beneficial organisms such as natural enemy also come to harm when killing the disease worm, destroys the ecological balance, can produce the 3R consequence.At present, these prophylactico-therapeutic measuress have continued on producing, to use separately, but pest control effect still is apparent not enough, and some damage by disease and insect are still produced black Lee and constituted a serious threat.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of comprehensive preventing control method of black Lee's damage by disease and insect; This method production application effect is better; Can will deceive Lee's Pest management in economy harm threshold value indication range, reduce the use of chemical pesticide, realize black innoxious production of Lee and natural ecosystems benign cycle.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is following:
The present invention is directed to rudiment and flowering stage, shoot growth and fruit development period, fruit harvesting and nutrition rehabilitation phase, fallen leaves and 4 thing marquis phases of resting stage in the black Li Zhounian process of growth; Make up the comprehensive prevention and control measure that is fit to each phenophase damage by disease and insect, concrete preventing control method comprises:
(1) rudiment and flowering stage
In conjunction with insect pest situation monitoring, gardening control, physical control, biological control and chemical control, the structure garden is managed, is catched and killed, the prevention and control technical system of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion and medicine control;
Wherein gardening control: 1. the NPK of 0.3-0.5kg and the borax of 0.05-0.1kg are executed in the adult black every strain of Japanese plum of budding period, applying organic manure, and suitably pour water; 2. spending the back to topdress in 1 week, is main with instant nitrogenousfertilizer, cooperates phosphorus, potash fertilizer, in time pours water after executing; 0.2-0.3% borax of full-bloom stage spray; 3. combine to prune, dredge and remove the branch of growing thickly, useless branch, sick branch;
Physical control: trap and kill, catch and kill insect;
Biological control:, spray the entomopathogenic nematode or 10 of ten thousand/ml of 2.0-3.0 at the insect pest initial stage of origination
9-10
11Individual spore/liter the biocontrol microorganisms spore suspension; Protection simultaneously utilizes the insect pest natural enemy; At the disease initial stage of origination, spray 3000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin;
Chemical control: look the medication of disease insect pest situation, change the medication custom of seeing that disease, worm just beat;
(2) shoot growth and fruit development period
In conjunction with insect pest situation monitoring, gardening control, physical control, biological control and chemical control, the structure garden is managed, is catched and killed, the prevention and control technical system of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion and medicine control;
Wherein gardening control: 1. combine to prune, wipe out branch, leaf, young fruit that the disease worm is caused harm, take the orchard out of, concentrate and destroy; 2. the physiological fallen fruit phase first time, spray 1-2 hypophosphorous acid potassium dihydrogen solution; 2. for the second time the physiological fallen fruit phase increases and executes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; 3. the stone phase topdresses, and serves as main or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compounding application with nitrogen, potash fertilizer, in time waters after executing, and notes prevention waterlogging; 4. fruit expanding period foliage-spray chemical fertilizer at a distance from 5-15 days 1 time, is noted prevention waterlogging; 5. the painted phase increases executes 1 sulphoxylic acid potassium, and every strain 0.1-0.3kg in time waters after executing;
Physical control: 1. body is set in inspection, finds longicorn emergence hole, with cement or tabia sealing; 2. trap and kill, catch and kill insect;
Biological control: at the insect pest initial stage of origination, spray 2000 times of liquid of 18% AVM, contain 300-600 times of liquid of bacillus thuringiensis,Bt missible oil, 400-600 times of liquid of 2.5% nikkomycin wetting powder of 10,000,000,000 living spores/milliliters, the entomopathogenic nematode or 10 of ten thousand/ml of 2.0-3.0
9-10
11Individual spore/liter the biocontrol microorganisms spore suspension; Protection simultaneously utilizes the insect pest natural enemy; At the disease initial stage of origination, spray 3000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin;
Chemical control: look the medication of disease insect pest situation, change the medication custom of seeing that disease, worm just beat;
(3) fruit harvesting and nutrition rehabilitation phase
In conjunction with insect pest situation monitoring, gardening control, physical control, biological control and chemical control, the structure garden is managed, is catched and killed, the prevention and control technical system of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion and medicine control;
Wherein gardening control: 1. combine to prune, wipe out fracture branch, deadwood, water sprout, sick branch, pick up the wormed fruit that lands, take the orchard out of, concentrate and destroy; 2. adopt the every strain in back and execute nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.3kg, add urea 0.2kg, applying organic manure, and suitably pour water, increase tree body nutrient reserve; 3. strike off pathological tissues, then the wound of coating protection in time;
Physical control: trap and kill, catch and kill insect;
Biological control:, spray the entomopathogenic nematode or 10 of 2000 times of liquid of 18% AVM, 400-600 times of liquid of 2.5% nikkomycin wetting powder, ten thousand/ml of 2.0-3.0 at the insect pest initial stage of origination
9-10
11Individual spore/liter the biocontrol microorganisms spore suspension; Protection simultaneously utilizes the insect pest natural enemy; At the disease initial stage of origination, spray 3000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin;
Chemical control: look the medication of disease insect pest situation, change the medication custom of seeing that disease, worm just beat;
(4) fallen leaves and resting stage
In conjunction with gardening control, physical control and chemical control measure, the prevention and control technical system of structure garden pipe and medicine control is is mainly prevented and treated the wintering pest evil.
The gardening control: 1. leaf fall period pruning, repair and remove sick worm deadwood, overstocked branch, water sprout; 2. in time remove the branch and the wormed fruit that lands under fallen leaves, the pruning, to reduce disease worm hibernacle; 3. strike off the trunk tertia, stick up skin and pathological tissues, back coating protection in time wound; 4. lime is spread fertilizer over the fields in full garden; 5. dig semi-circular grooves or the crescent ditch of dark 40-50cm, wide 20-30cm in the tree crown periphery, fowl, dry dung of livestock 10-15kg or cake fertilizer 6-8kg and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1-1.5kg are executed in strain, add 30g ten element boron fertilizers; 6. the tree of turning over early spring dish; Simultaneously, destroy the hibernacle of insect, or it is turned in ground the indumentum wind do or eaten by unfirmly closing;
Physical control: on trunk and branch, whitewash or wrap up plastic film, gunnysack and straw rope, reduce insect and lay eggs and hibernacle with white-out agent;
Chemical control: 1. full garden spray 3-5 Baume degrees lime sulfur or 500 times of liquid of 40% asomate wetting powder, at a distance from 20-30 days 1 time; 2. before the insect that survives the winter is unearthed, processes pesticide-clay mixture with 3% phoxim granule 6kg/ mu, Mi Leer granule or enemy horse pulvis 2kg/ mu and spread fertilizer over the fields the table soil of to plough shallowly immediately after the dispenser.
The present invention is according to the damage by disease and insect prevention and control requirement of black Lee's different phenological; Integrated assembling is carried out in 5 kinds of prophylactico-therapeutic measuress such as insect pest situation monitoring, cultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control; Overcome their deficiencies in using separately, give full play to the effect of Collaborative Control damage by disease and insect, black causing harm of Lee's damage by disease and insect is controlled in the economic threshold scope; And then the use of minimizing chemical pesticide, realize black innoxious production of Lee and natural ecosystems benign cycle.
Comprehensive preventing control method of the present invention is according to as follows:
1, grasps the damage by disease and insect pests occurrence rule
In the black Li Zhounian process of growth, the damage by disease and insect that each phenophase takes place has difference.Rudiment and flowering stage, bacillary shothole disease, longicorn and aphid are caused harm heavier; Shoot growth and fruit development period, bacillary shothole disease, anthracnose, gummosis, heart-eating worm, longicorn, two spotted spider mite and chafer are caused harm more again; Fruit harvesting and nutrition rehabilitation phase, bacillary shothole disease, gummosis, longicorn, two spotted spider mite and noctuid are caused harm more again; Fallen leaves and resting stage, be mainly the wintering pest evil.
2, carrying out the disease worm monitors and observes and predicts
Pests occurrence rule according to black Lee's damage by disease and insect; In conjunction with local weather conditions, natural enemy situation and Hei Li growth and development state; Utilizing the phenology method (is to utilize a kind of biology and him to plant the correlation and the rule of life, g and D between the biology; A kind of method as the prediction insect pest), the phase (is the beginning of utilizing each damage by disease and insect to occur to contain phase, peak period or contain the method that interlude range prediction in latter stage insect is taken place apart from method; Try to achieve through luring collection method, artificial feeded method, field investigation method statistics), the effective accumulated temperature method (is the method that the effective temperature summation forecasdt insect that utilizes insect to grow is taken place, is formulated: K=N (T-C); K: effective accumulated temperature, N: grow fate; Threshold of development) T: actual temperature: C: method such as performs the prediction of damage by disease and insect.
3, make up comprehensive prevention and control technical system
Follow the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control "; In 4 thing marquis phases of black Li Zhounian growth; Integrated assembling prophylactico-therapeutic measuress such as " insect pest situation monitoring, gardening control, physical control, biological control and chemical control ", structure garden are managed, are catched and killed, biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion and medicine control are the prevention and control technical system of core.
Main prevention and control measure:
(1) insect pest situation monitoring
According to the pests occurrence rule of each phenophase damage by disease and insect of growing in the Hei Liheili anniversary, weather conditions, natural enemy situation and Hei Li growth and development state in conjunction with local utilize phenology method, phase apart from methods such as method and effective accumulated temperature methods, perform the prediction of damage by disease and insect.
(2) gardening control
1. the tree of turning over dish
The tree of turning over during early spring dish ability chesson improves the environmental condition of deceiving Lee's root growth; Simultaneously, possibly destroy the hibernacle of insects such as peach fruit moth, chafer, or it is turned in ground that the indumentum wind is done or by the unfirmly closing food, can effectively reduce then insect radix takes place.
2. strike off trunk, stick up skin and pathological tissues
Be everlasting bark slit or stick up subcutaneous surviving the winter of the larva, ovum etc. of insect of surviving the winter is struck off the trunk tertia early spring, is stuck up skin, can obviously reduce the number of pest of surviving the winter then.Striking off pathological tissues is the direct effective ways of preventing and treating trunk diseases such as gummosis, after striking off, wants timely coating protection.
3. rational pruning
Resting stage, during in conjunction with winter pruning, can wipe out the branch that bacillary shothole disease, scale insect cause harm.Vegetative period, in conjunction with pruning, wipe out the young sprout that disease branch and two spotted spider mite, aphid are caused harm, extract the young fruit that peach fruit moth is caused harm, take the sick branch of cutting, leaf and fruit out of orchard, concentrate destruction.
4. reasonable rich water
Rationally impose chemical fertilizer such as nitrogen, phosphorus, quick action fertilizer, applying organic manure, the compounding application trace element, and suitably pour water, promote that the tree body is healthy and strong, obviously alleviate the harm of disease worm.Black Lee's intolerant to waterlogging, draining and soil melioration are noted in the glutinous heavy orchard of hypsography low-lying and soil.
5. remove dry branches and fallen leaves and land wormed fruit
Should in time remove the branch and the wormed fruit that lands under fallen leaves, the pruning behind black Lee's fallen leaves, to reduce disease worm hibernacle.
(3) physical control
1. manual catching and killing
Utilize seemingly-dead property, gregariousness and the spawning habit of surviving the winter of insect to carry out the manual catching and killing, as in the morning or the cloudy day shake trunk, insects such as longicorn, chafer promptly can shake, and carry out the manual catching and killing then; Inspection tree body is found longicorn plumage hole, with cement or tabia sealing; If find to lay eggs vestige and channel, in time beat, or excavate worm's ovum and larva with sharp weapon such as knives with nail hammer or stone, if larva has pierced xylem, insert from channel with taper iron wire or steel wire, assassinate repeatedly, can effectively reduce longicorn and cause harm.
2. light, yellow plate, sugar-vinegar liquid and gyplure trapping
Utilize the taxis (become yellow, light and chemotaxis become) of insect; Good multifrequency ventilating type insecticidal or dim light modulation (1/hectare) are installed in the garden; Or in the garden, establish yellow plate (20-30/mu), sugar-vinegar liquid (wine: water: sugar: vinegar: Hei Liye juice: decis=l:10:4:6:0.5:0.01 or sugar: vinegar: wine: water=l:1.5:0.5:16; 4-6/mu) and gyplure (3-5/hectare) trapping point, the adult of various pests such as aphid, peach fruit moth, malacosoma neustria and longicorn can be trapped and killed.
3. trunk is whitewashed or is wrapped up
The habit of utilizing insect on trunk and branch, to lay eggs or survive the winter; Early spring and autumn black Japanese plum do with branch on (quicklime: sulphur: salt: water: beastly oil=5:0.5:25:20:25 or polyvinyl alcohol: lime: water: phoxim: plastic film, gunnysack and straw rope etc. are whitewashed or wrapped up to salt=3:30:120:1:1) with white-out agent; Can reduce insect and lay eggs, reduce the insect overwintering survival rate.
(4) biological control
Utilizing natural enemy, microbial pesticide is commonly used and effective method in the biological control.Black Lee's damage by disease and insect natural enemy comprises parasite and predator, and parasite has dastarcus helophoroides, oophagous trichogrammae, aphid chalcid fly, ichneumon wasp, the swollen leg honeybee of Guan Shi, Scleroderma sichuanensis Xiao and mulberry longicorn ovum long-tail to nibble chalcid fly etc.; Predator has woodpecker (star head woodpecker, Picoides major etc.), Chrysopa (Chinese green lacewing, chrysopa septempunctata etc.), spider, mantis, predation mite, ladybug (coccinella septempunctata, 2 ladybugs and food mite ladybug etc.) and 6 thrips etc., and utilization is protected in application.Biopesticide has bacillus thuringiensis,Bt, lecanium verticillium sp, white muscardine fungi, green muscardine fungus, pathogenic nematode (Stahli line worm, different little bar are had a liking for the bacterium nematode), AVM, nikkomycin and agricultural streptomycin etc., and black Lee's damage by disease and insect is also had the better prevention effect.
(5) chemical control
1. area spray
This method is mainly used in the insect that control is taken off the fruit larva and in soil, survived the winter.Take off fruit larva and be unearthed two periods, use medicaments such as phoxim granule, Mi Leer granule, enemy horse pulvis on ground, can effectively prevent and treat of the harm of insects such as peach fruit moth, oriental fruit moth and chafer black Lee with the larva that survives the winter.
2. medicament is coated with dried
This method is mainly used in prevents and treats suckings pest such as gummosis and aphid, scale insect.For insects such as aphid, scale insects, deceive Li Faya in early spring, when resin begins to flow, apart from ground 20cm place, it struck off a circle stick up skin in trunk, medicaments such as Rogor, methidathion, Imidacloprid and Acetamiprid are coated in the rossing place, wrap up with plastic film then.For gummosis, early spring black Li Faya, when resin begins to flow or when falling leaves dormancy winter, strike off the disease piece with pocket knife, the protection wound is smeared with medicaments such as lime sulfur, charcoal Tranes in the back.
3. pharmacy fumigation
This method is mainly used in borer pest larvas such as control longicorn, flatheaded borer.Annual in longicorn, a flatheaded borer larva Sheng phase, carry out plug-hole with medicaments such as dichlorvos, flolimat, aluminum phosphate, zinc phosphide and vikane and annotate hole, partial fumigating or spot printing channel with strong fumigation action.
4. tree crown sprays medicine
This method is the main application method of the black Lee's damage by disease and insect of control.Should be for disease in pathogen transmission phase or morbidity phase beginning dispenser; Spraying time and number of times by prior year disease occurrence degree and then rain time and rainfall decide, can select for use carbendazim, tpn, asomate, thiophanate methyl, zineb, mancozeb, how mould clearly, medicaments such as Difenoconazole and chlorobromide isocyanuric acid; The heavier orchard of gummosis can select for use the Australia bacterium clear; Agricultural streptomycin can be used in the heavier orchard of pore property shothole disease.Should hatch Sheng phase to low instar larvae phase spray medicine at ovum for insect pest, can select beta-cypermethrin for use, kill the chrysanthemum ester, medicaments such as decis, fenpropathrin, lime sulfur, AVM, Affirm (Merck Co.), Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Folithion, green prestige thunder, hongxianqing, the little spirit of peach and cyanogen penta marathon.
When selecting and making with medicament, also want clear and definite main controlling object, double object and the index for control controlled, could confirm the kind and the working concentration of medication, avoid waste; Rotate or be used alternatingly higher effective and lower toxic pesticide as far as possible, improve control efficiency, delay high anti-individual generation, and minimizing is to the pollution of environment; Understand fully the combined use of pesticides situation, the insecticide that can use with mixes use with bactericide, sets body and sprays, and damage by disease and insect is planted by the Zhiduo County of can holding concurrently, and improves the disease-prevention and insecticide effect.
The Prevention Technique main points:
(1) garden pipe
Strengthen the Li Yuan cultivation management, the tree of in good time turning over dish, strike off trunk and stick up skin and pathological tissues, reduce wintering pest evil radix; Rational pruning is improved honourable condition, wipes out sick branch; Rationally rich water promotes that the tree body is healthy and strong; Remove dry branches and fallen leaves and land wormed fruit, remove disease worm hibernacle.
(2) catch and kill
Utilize seemingly-dead property, gregariousness and the spawning habit of surviving the winter on trunk and branch of insect to carry out the manual catching and killing; Utilize the insect taxis, light, yellow plate, sugar-vinegar liquid and gyplure trapping point are set, the insect-killing trapping adult.
(3) biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion
Use microbial pesticides such as bacillus thuringiensis,Bt, lecanium verticillium sp, white muscardine fungi, green muscardine fungus, pathogenic nematode, AVM, nikkomycin and agricultural streptomycin at the damage by disease and insect initial stage of origination more; Simultaneously, protection utilizes woodpecker, parasitic wasp, Chrysopa, spider, mantis, predation mite, ladybug (coccinella septempunctata, 2 ladybugs and food mite ladybug etc.) and 6 natural enemies such as thrips.
(4) medicine control
The complementary measure of chemical control as the black Lee's damage by disease and insect of control.According to sick insect pest situation, note in good time, an amount of, medication by turns, ban use of high poison, highly toxic pesticide.
The comprehensive preventing control method of different phenological:
(1) rudiment and flowering stage
Measures such as integrated assembling insect pest situation monitoring, gardening control, physical control, biological control and chemical control, structure garden are managed, are catched and killed, the prevention and control technical system of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion and medicine control, mainly prevent and treat bacillary shothole disease, longicorn and aphid and cause harm.
Insect pest situation monitoring: utilize the full phase to carry out disease insect pest situation prediction apart from methods such as method, phenology method, effective accumulated temperature methods.
The gardening control: 1. the NPK of 0.3-0.5kg and the borax of 0.05-0.1kg are executed in the adult black every strain of Japanese plum of budding period, applying organic manure, and suitably pour water, promote that the tree body is healthy and strong, flower and fruit protecting.2. spending the back to topdress in 1 week, is main with instant nitrogenousfertilizer, cooperates phosphorus, potash fertilizer, and urea 0.5-1.5kg or ammonium sulfate 1.5-2.5kg are executed in general big tree strain, in time pour water after executing; 0.2-0.3% borax of full-bloom stage spray.3. combine to prune, dredge and remove the branch of growing thickly, useless branch, sick branch.
Physical control: the 1. yellow plate of suspension (20-30/mu) in the garden, can trap and kill the adult of insect such as aphid.2. find fresh channel, in time beat, or excavate roundheaded borer,, insert from channel, assassinate repeatedly, can effectively reduce longicorn and cause harm with taper iron wire or steel wire if larva has pierced xylem with sharp weapon such as knives with nail hammer or stone.
Biological control:, spray the entomopathogenic nematode or 10 of ten thousand/ml of 2.0-3.0 at the insect pest initial stage of origination
9-10
11Individual spore/liter biocontrol microorganisms spore suspensions such as Metarhizium anisopliae, beauveria bassiana and lecanium verticillium sp; Protection utilizes woodpecker, Chrysopa (Chinese green lacewing, chrysopa septempunctata etc.), spider and ladybug (coccinella septempunctata, 2 ladybugs and food mite ladybug etc.), dastarcus helophoroides, the swollen leg honeybee of Guan Shi, Scleroderma sichuanensis Xiao, mulberry longicorn ovum long-tail to nibble natural enemies such as chalcid fly; At the disease initial stage of origination, spray 3000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin, damage by disease and insect is controlled in the economic threshold indication range as far as possible.
Chemical control: look the insect pest situation medication, change the medication custom of seeing that worm just beats.1. for bacillary shothole disease, wheel is used 2000 times of liquid of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, 500 times of liquid of 65% mancozeb and zinc sulphate lime liquor (60 parts in 1 part+water of 0.25 part+lime of zinc sulphate) spraying instead, at a distance from 10-15 days 1 time.2. for longicorn, sign with 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution and 20-50 times of liquid of 50% Folithion missible oil and 1/4 of 56% aluminum phosphide tablet, zinc phosphide poison and to carry out plug-hole and annotate hole or spot printing channel, use vikane 10-40g/m
2The wrapping trunk carries out partial fumigating, at a distance from 10-15 days 1 time.3. for aphid; Can be at trunk apart from ground 20cm place; It is struck off a circle stick up skin, 20-40 times of liquid medicaments such as 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 40% methidathion missible oil, 10% Imidacloprid missible oil and 3% acetamiprid EC are coated in the rossing place, wrap up with plastic film then; Or wheel is used instead, and sprayings such as 3000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 3% 1000 times of liquid of pyridine worm miaow missible oil and 50% Aphox wetting powder are anti-to eliminate aphis separated 10-15 days 1 time.
(2) shoot growth and fruit development period
The above-mentioned 5 kinds of prevention and control measures of integrated assembling, structure garden are managed, are catched and killed, the prevention and control technical system of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion and medicine control, mainly prevent and treat bacillary shothole disease, anthracnose, gummosis, heart-eating worm, longicorn, two spotted spider mite and chafer.
Insect pest situation monitoring: with rudiment and flowering stage.
Gardening control: 1. combine to prune, wipe out branch, leaf, young fruit that the disease worm is caused harm, take the orchard out of, concentrate and destroy.2. the physiological fallen fruit phase combines diseases prevention for the first time, spray 1-2 hypophosphorous acid potassium dihydrogen.2. for the second time the physiological fallen fruit phase increases and executes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.5-0.7kg, potassium sulphate 0.2kg.3. the stone phase topdresses, and serves as main or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compounding application with nitrogen, potash fertilizer, and set strain greatly and execute urea 0.75-1kg, or diammonium phosphate, three element compound fertilizer 1.5-2kg, in time water after executing, and note prevention waterlogging.4. fertilizer such as fruit expanding period foliage-spray urea 0.3%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, calcium chloride 0.5%-0.8%, potassium chloride and potassium sulphate 0.3% at a distance from 5-15 days 1 time, are noted prevention waterlogging.5. the painted phase increases executes 1 sulphoxylic acid potassium, and the about 0.2kg of every strain in time waters after executing, and promotes that the tree body is healthy and strong.
Physical control: 1. body is set in inspection, finds longicorn plumage hole, with cement or tabia sealing.2. in the morning or the cloudy day shake trunk, insects such as longicorn, chafer promptly can shake, and carry out the manual catching and killing then; If find to lay eggs vestige and channel, in time beat, or excavate worm's ovum and larva with sharp weapon such as knives with nail hammer or stone, if larva has pierced xylem, insert from channel with taper iron wire or steel wire, assassinate repeatedly.Good multifrequency ventilating type insecticidal or dim light modulation (1/hectare) 3. are installed in the garden; Or in the garden, establish yellow plate (20-30/mu), sugar-vinegar liquid (wine: water: sugar: vinegar: Hei Liye juice: decis=l:10:4:6:0.5:0.01 or sugar: vinegar: wine: water=l:1.5:0.5:16,4-6/mu) and gyplure (3-5/hectare) and trap and kill point.
Biological control:, spray the entomopathogenic nematode or 10 of 2000 times of liquid of 18% AVM, bacillus thuringiensis,Bt missible oil (containing 10,000,000,000 living spores/milliliters) 300-600 times liquid, 400-600 times of liquid of 2.5% nikkomycin wetting powder, ten thousand/ml of 2.0-3.0 at the insect pest initial stage of origination
9-10
11Individual spore/liter biocontrol microorganisms spore suspensions such as Metarhizium anisopliae, beauveria bassiana and lecanium verticillium sp; Protection utilizes woodpecker, parasitic wasp, dastarcus helophoroides, Chrysopa, spider, mantis, predation mite, ladybug (coccinella septempunctata, 2 ladybugs and food mite ladybug etc.) and 6 natural enemies such as thrips; At the disease initial stage of origination, spray 3000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin, the generation of damage by disease and insect is controlled in the economic threshold indication range as far as possible.
Chemical control: look the medication of disease insect pest situation, change the medication custom of seeing that the disease worm just beats.1. for anthracnose, wheel is used the U.S. 800 times of liquid of 80% anthrax good fortune instead, and 800-1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder and 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid soluble powder 1000-1500 doubly wait spraying, at a distance from 10-15 days 1 time.2. for bacillary shothole disease, wheel is used 2000 times of liquid of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, 500 times of liquid of 65% mancozeb and zinc sulphate lime liquor (60 parts in 1 part+water of 0.25 part+lime of zinc sulphate) spraying instead, at a distance from 10-15 days 1 time.3. for gummosis, wheel is used 500 times of liquid of the clear wetting powder of 25% Australia bacterium, 50% carbendazol wettable powder 600-800 times liquid and 800-1000 times of spraying such as liquid of 70% first phase topsin wetting powder instead, at a distance from 10-15 days 1 time.4. for heart-eating worm; Wheel is used 1000-1500 times of liquid of 1% Affirm (Merck Co.) missible oil, 2000 times of liquid of the little missible oil of 3O% peach, 1000 times of liquid of 50% Folithion missible oil, 3000 times of liquid of 2O% fenpropathrin milk oil and 3000 times of liquid of 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil instead, at a distance from 10-15 days 1 time.6. for two spotted spider mite, wheel is used 2000-2500 times of liquid of 73% propargite missible oil, 1000～1500 times of liquid of 20% pyridaben missible oil and 5000 times of liquid sprayings of 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent instead, at a distance from 10-15 days 1 time.7. for longicorn adult, ovum and newly hatched larvae, can take turns and use 1000 times of liquid of 50% Folithion missible oil, 300 times of liquid of 8% green prestige thunder, 200 times of liquid of 16% hongxianqing missible oil, 800 times of liquid of 25% sevin wetting powder and 3000 times of liquid of 15% Imidacloprid microcapsule formulations etc. instead and set spray body; To eating into above the average age for marriage roundheaded borer into xylem; Can take turns medicament 20-50 times liquid such as using 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil, 80% DDT EC and 20% Imidacloprid missible oil instead and 1/4 of 56% aluminum phosphide tablet and carry out plug-hole notes hole, partial fumigating or spot printing channel, at a distance from 10-15 days 1 time.8. for two spotted spider mite, wheel is used 2000-2500 times of liquid of 73% propargite missible oil, 1000～1500 times of liquid of 20% pyridaben missible oil and 5000 times of liquid sprayings of 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent instead, at a distance from 10-15 days 1 time.9. for chafer, wheel is used 1000 times of liquid of 50% zinc sulfuric acid emulsion and 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 4.5% wooden dipper first enemy missible oil instead, at a distance from 10-15 days 1 time.
(3) fruit harvesting and nutrition rehabilitation phase
The above-mentioned 5 kinds of prevention and control measures of integrated assembling, structure garden are managed, are catched and killed, the prevention and control technical system of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion and medicine control, mainly prevent and treat bacillary shothole disease, gummosis, longicorn, two spotted spider mite and noctuid.
Insect pest situation monitoring: with rudiment and flowering stage.
Gardening control: 1. combine to prune, wipe out fracture branch, deadwood, water sprout, sick branch, pick up the wormed fruit that lands, take the orchard out of, concentrate and destroy.2. execute strain after adopting and execute nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.3kg, add urea 0.2kg, applying organic manure, and suitably pour water, increase tree body nutrient reserve, promote that the tree body is healthy and strong.3. strike off pathological tissues such as gummosis, back coating protection in time wound.
Physical control: 1. in the morning or the cloudy day shake trunk, insects such as longicorn promptly can shake, and carry out the manual catching and killing then.2. find longicorn lay eggs vestige and channel, in time beat, or excavate worm's ovum and larva,, insert from channel, repeatedly assassination with taper iron wire or steel wire if larva has pierced xylem with sharp weapon such as knives with nail hammer or stone.Good multifrequency ventilating type insecticidal or dim light modulation (1/hectare) 3. are installed in the garden; Or in the garden, establish yellow plate (20-30/mu), sugar-vinegar liquid (wine: water: sugar: vinegar: Hei Liye juice: decis=l:10:4:6:0.5:0.01 or sugar: vinegar: wine: water=l:1.5:0.5:16,4-6/mu) and gyplure (3-5/hectare) and trap and kill point.
Biological control:, spray the entomopathogenic nematode or 10 of 2000 times of liquid of 18% AVM, 400-600 times of liquid of 2.5% nikkomycin wetting powder, ten thousand/ml of 2.0-3.0 at the insect pest initial stage of origination
9-10
11Individual spore/liter biocontrol microorganisms spore suspensions such as Metarhizium anisopliae, beauveria bassiana and lecanium verticillium sp; Protection utilizes woodpecker, parasitic wasp, dastarcus helophoroides, Chrysopa, spider, predation mite, ladybug (coccinella septempunctata, 2 ladybugs and food mite ladybug etc.) and 6 natural enemies such as thrips; At the disease initial stage of origination, spray 3000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin, the generation of damage by disease and insect is controlled in the economic threshold indication range as far as possible.
Chemical control: look the medication of disease insect pest situation, change the medication custom of seeing that the disease worm just beats, adopt and discontinued medication in preceding 15 days, reduce residual.1. for bacillary shothole disease, wheel is used 2000 times of liquid of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, 500 times of liquid of 65% mancozeb and zinc sulphate lime liquor (60 parts in 1 part+water of 0.25 part+lime of zinc sulphate) spraying instead, at a distance from 10-15 days 1 time.2. for gummosis, wheel is used 500 times of liquid of the clear wetting powder of 25% Australia bacterium, 50% carbendazol wettable powder 600-800 times liquid and 800-1000 times of spraying such as liquid of 70% first phase topsin wetting powder instead, at a distance from 10-15 days 1 time.3. for longicorn adult, ovum and newly hatched larvae, wheel is used 1000 times of liquid of 50% Folithion missible oil, 300 times of liquid of 8% green prestige thunder, 200 times of liquid of 16% hongxianqing missible oil, 800 times of liquid of 25% sevin wetting powder and 3000 times of liquid of 15% Imidacloprid microcapsule formulations etc. instead and is set spray body; To eating into above the average age for marriage roundheaded borer into xylem; Can take turns medicament 20-50 times liquid such as using 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil, 80% DDT EC and 20% Imidacloprid missible oil instead and 1/4 of 56% aluminum phosphide tablet and carry out plug-hole notes hole, partial fumigating or spot printing channel, at a distance from 10-15 days 1 time.4. for two spotted spider mite, wheel is used 2000-2500 times of liquid of 73% propargite missible oil, 1000～1500 times of liquid of 20% pyridaben missible oil and 5000 times of liquid sprayings of 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent instead, at a distance from 10-15 days 1 time.5. for noctuid, wheel is used 1000-1500 times of liquid of 1% Affirm (Merck Co.) missible oil, 1000 times of liquid of 50% Folithion missible oil, 3000 times of liquid of 2O% fenpropathrin milk oil and 3000 times of liquid sprayings of 2.5% decis instead, at a distance from 10-15 days 1 time.
(4) fallen leaves and resting stage
Measures such as the control of integrated assembling gardening, physical control and chemical control, the prevention and control technical system of structure garden pipe and medicine control is is mainly prevented and treated the wintering pest evil.
The gardening control: 1. leaf fall period pruning, repair and remove sick worm deadwood, overstocked branch, water sprout.2. in time remove the branch and the wormed fruit that lands under fallen leaves, the pruning, to reduce disease worm hibernacle.3. strike off the trunk tertia, stick up skin and pathological tissues, coating protection in time wound in back is prevented and treated survive the winter worm, ovum and disease etc.4. plough deeply 20cm, the tree crown bottom is suitably more shallow, and lime is spread fertilizer over the fields in full garden.5. dig semi-circular grooves or the crescent ditch of dark 40-50cm, wide 20-30cm in the tree crown periphery, fowl, dry dung of livestock 10-15kg (or cake fertilizer 6-8kg), fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1-1.5kg are executed in strain, add 30g ten element boron fertilizers.6. the tree of turning over early spring dish ability chesson improves the environmental condition of deceiving Lee's root growth; Simultaneously, destroy the hibernacle of insects such as heart-eating worm, chafer, or it is turned in ground the indumentum wind do or eaten by unfirmly closing.
Physical control: (quicklime: sulphur: salt: water: beastly oil=5:0.5:25:20:25 or polyvinyl alcohol: lime: water: phoxim: salt=3:30:120:1:1) whitewash or wrap up plastic film, gunnysack and straw rope etc., the minimizing insect lays eggs and hibernacle with white-out agent on trunk and branch.
Chemical control: 1. full garden spray 3-5 Baume degrees lime sulfur or 500 times of liquid of 40% asomate wetting powder, at a distance from 20-30 days 1 time.2. before the insect that survives the winter is unearthed, processes pesticide-clay mixture with 3% phoxim granule 6kg/ mu or Mi Leer granule or enemy horse pulvis 2kg/ mu and spread fertilizer over the fields, the table of should ploughing shallowly immediately after the dispenser is native.
Embodiment
To do further description to the present invention through instance below, these descriptions are not that content of the present invention is done further to limit.One skilled in the art will understand that to be equal to replacement to what content of the present invention was done, or corresponding the improvement, still belong within protection scope of the present invention.
, each phenophase prevention and control measure application
(1) rudiment and flowering stage
1. period of use, carried out disease insect pest situation prediction apart from methods such as method, phenology method, effective accumulated temperature methods.
2. the budding period, the NPK of 0.3-0.5kg and the borax of 0.05-0.1kg are executed in the black every strain of Japanese plum of growing up, applying organic manure, and suitably pour water.
3. spending the back to topdress in 1 week, is main with instant nitrogenousfertilizer, cooperates phosphorus, potash fertilizer, and urea 0.5-1.5kg or ammonium sulfate 1.5-2.5kg are executed in general big tree strain, in time pour water after executing; 0.2-0.3% borax of full-bloom stage spray.
4. combine to prune, dredge and remove the branch of growing thickly, useless branch, sick branch.
5. in the garden, hang yellow plate (20-30/mu), the adult of insects such as trapping aphid.
6. find fresh channel, in time beat, or excavate roundheaded borer,, insert from channel, assassinate repeatedly with taper iron wire or steel wire if larva has pierced xylem with sharp weapon such as knives with nail hammer or stone.
7. cause harm the initial stage in insect pest, spray the entomopathogenic nematode of 3.2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 1500-2000 times liquid and ten thousand/ml of 2.0-3.0; At the disease initial stage of origination, spray 3000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin.
8. when sick worm reaches index for control; Wheel is used the bacillary shothole disease of 2000 times of liquid of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, 500 times of liquid of 65% mancozeb and zinc sulphate lime liquor (60 parts in 1 part+water of 0.25 part+lime of zinc sulphate) spraying control instead; Wheel uses 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution instead and 1/4 of 56% aluminum phosphide tablet carries out plug-hole notes hole control longicorn; Wheel is used 3000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 3% 1000 times of liquid of pyridine worm miaow missible oil and 50% Aphox wetting powder instead and is prevented eliminating aphis separated 10-15 days 1 time.
Through above comprehensive preventing control method, the black Lee's damage by disease and insect during can making is controlled in the 5-10%.
(2) shoot growth and fruit development period
1. utilize the full phase to carry out disease insect pest situation prediction apart from methods such as method, phenology method, effective accumulated temperature methods.
2. combine to prune, wipe out branch, leaf, young fruit that the disease worm is caused harm, take the orchard out of, concentrate and destroy.
3. the physiological fallen fruit phase combines diseases prevention for the first time, spray 1-2 hypophosphorous acid potassium dihydrogen; The physiological fallen fruit phase second time increases executes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.5-0.7kg, potassium sulphate 0.2kg; The stone phase topdresses, and three element compound fertilizer 1.5-2kg is executed in strain, in time water after executing, and prevention waterlogging; Fertilizer such as fruit expanding period foliage-spray urea 0.3%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, calcium chloride 0.5%-0.8%, potassium chloride and potassium sulphate 0.3% are at a distance from 5-15 days 1 time.The painted phase increases executes 1 sulphoxylic acid potassium, and the about 0.2kg of every strain in time waters after executing, and notes prevention waterlogging.
4. inspection tree body is found longicorn plumage hole, with cement or tabia sealing; In the morning or the cloudy day shake trunk, insects such as longicorn, chafer promptly can shake, and carry out the manual catching and killing then; Vestige and channel if the discovery longicorn lays eggs in time beat with nail hammer or stone, or excavate worm's ovum and larva with sharp weapon such as knives, if larva has pierced xylem, insert from channel with taper iron wire or steel wire, assassinate repeatedly.
Good multifrequency ventilating type insecticidal or dim light modulation (1/hectare) 5. are installed in the garden; Or in the garden, establish yellow plate (20-30/mu), sugar-vinegar liquid (wine: water: sugar: vinegar: Hei Liye juice: decis=l:10:4:6:0.5:0.01,4-6/mu) and gyplure (3-5/hectare) and trap and kill point.
6. at the insect pest initial stage of origination, spray the entomopathogenic nematode or 10 of 2000 times of liquid of 18% AVM, bacillus thuringiensis,Bt missible oil (containing 10,000,000,000 living spores/milliliters) 300-600 times liquid, 400-600 times of liquid of 2.5% nikkomycin wetting powder, ten thousand/ml of 2.0-3.0
9-10
11Individual spore/liter the beauveria bassiana spore suspension; At the disease initial stage of origination, spray 3000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin.
7. cause harm when reaching index for control sick worm; Wheel is used the bacillary shothole disease of 2000 times of liquid of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, 500 times of liquid of 65% mancozeb and zinc sulphate lime liquor (60 parts in 1 part+water of 0.25 part+lime of zinc sulphate) spraying control instead; Wheel is used the U.S. 800 times of liquid of 80% anthrax good fortune instead; 800-1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder and 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid soluble powder 1000-1500 doubly wait spraying to prevent and treat anthracnose; Wheel is used 500 times of liquid of the clear wetting powder of 25% Australia bacterium, 50% carbendazol wettable powder 600-800 times liquid and 800-1000 times of spraying such as liquid of 70% first phase topsin wetting powder instead and is prevented and treated gummosis; Sprayings such as 1000-1500 times of liquid of 1% Affirm (Merck Co.) missible oil, 2000 times of liquid of the little missible oil of 3O% peach, 1000 times of liquid of 50% Folithion missible oil and 3000 times of liquid of 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil prevent and treat heart-eating worms by turns; Wheel is used spraying control longicorn adult, ovum and newly hatched larvaes such as 1000 times of liquid of 50% Folithion missible oil, 300 times of liquid of 8% green prestige thunder, 800 times of liquid of 25% sevin wetting powder and 3000 times of liquid of 15% Imidacloprid microcapsule formulations instead; Wheel is used medicament 20-50 times liquid such as 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil and 80% DDT EC and 1/4 of 56% aluminum phosphide tablet instead and is carried out plug-hole and annotate the hole and prevent and treat above the average age for marriage roundheaded borer; Wheel is used 2000-2500 times of liquid of 73% propargite missible oil, 1000～1500 times of liquid of 20% pyridaben missible oil and 5000 times of liquid sprayings of 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent control two spotted spider mite instead; Wheel is used 1000 times of liquid of 50% zinc sulfuric acid emulsion and 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 4.5% wooden dipper first enemy missible oil control chafer instead, at a distance from 10-15 days 1 time.
Through above comprehensive preventing control method, the black Lee's damage by disease and insect during can making is controlled in the 10-15%, the use of minimizing agricultural chemicals 1-2 time.
(3) fruit harvesting and nutrition rehabilitation phase
1. utilize the full phase to carry out disease insect pest situation prediction apart from methods such as method, phenology method, effective accumulated temperature methods.
2. combine to prune, wipe out fracture branch, deadwood, water sprout, sick branch, pick up the wormed fruit that lands.
3. in the morning or the cloudy day shake trunk, insects such as longicorn promptly can shake, and carry out the manual catching and killing then; If find to lay eggs vestige and channel, in time beat, or excavate worm's ovum and larva with sharp weapon such as knives with nail hammer or stone, if larva has pierced xylem, insert from channel with taper iron wire or steel wire, assassinate repeatedly.
4. strike off pathological tissues such as gummosis, back coating protection in time wound.
5. after adopting, execute strain and execute nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.3kg, add urea 0.2kg, applying organic manure, and suitably pour water.
Good multifrequency ventilating type insecticidal or dim light modulation (1/hectare) 6. are installed in the garden; Or in the garden, establish yellow plate (20-30/mu), sugar-vinegar liquid (wine: water: sugar: vinegar: Hei Liye juice: decis=l:10:4:6:0.5:0.01,4-6/mu) and gyplure (3-5/hectare) and trap and kill point.
7. at the insect pest initial stage of origination, spray the entomopathogenic nematode or 10 of 2000 times of liquid of 18% AVM, bacillus thuringiensis,Bt missible oil (containing 10,000,000,000 living spores/milliliters) 300-600 times liquid, 400-600 times of liquid of 2.5% nikkomycin wetting powder, ten thousand/ml of 2.0-3.0
9-10
11Individual spore/liter the beauveria bassiana spore suspension.At the disease initial stage of origination, spray 3000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin.
8. cause harm when reaching index for control sick worm; Wheel is used the bacillary shothole disease of 2000 times of liquid of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, 500 times of liquid of 65% mancozeb and zinc sulphate lime liquor (60 parts in 1 part+water of 0.25 part+lime of zinc sulphate) spraying control instead; Wheel is used spraying gummosiss such as 500 times of liquid of the clear wetting powder of 25% Australia bacterium, 50% carbendazol wettable powder 600-800 times liquid and 800-1000 times of liquid of 70% first phase topsin wetting powder instead; Wheel is used spraying control longicorn adult, ovum and newly hatched larvaes such as 1000 times of liquid of 50% Folithion missible oil, 300 times of liquid of 8% green prestige thunder, 800 times of liquid of 25% sevin wetting powder and 3000 times of liquid of 15% Imidacloprid microcapsule formulations instead; Wheel is used medicament 20-50 times liquid such as 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil and 80% DDT EC and 1/4 of 56% aluminum phosphide tablet instead and is carried out plug-hole and annotate the hole and prevent and treat above the average age for marriage roundheaded borer; Wheel is used 2000-2500 times of liquid of 73% propargite missible oil, 1000～1500 times of liquid of 20% pyridaben missible oil and 5000 times of liquid sprayings of 24% spiral shell mite ester suspending agent control two spotted spider mite instead; Wheel is used 1000-1500 times of liquid of 1% Affirm (Merck Co.) missible oil, 1000 times of liquid of 50% Folithion missible oil, 3000 times of liquid of 2O% fenpropathrin milk oil and 3000 times of liquid sprayings of 2.5% decis control noctuid instead; Adopt and discontinued medication in preceding 15 days, reduce residual.
Through above comprehensive preventing control method, the black Lee's damage by disease and insect during can making is controlled in the 10-15%, the use of minimizing agricultural chemicals 1-2 time.
(4) fallen leaves and resting stage
1. pruning in winter is repaiied and is removed sick worm deadwood, overstocked branch, water sprout.
2. in time remove the branch and the wormed fruit that lands under fallen leaves, the pruning.
3. strike off the trunk tertia, stick up skin and pathological tissues, back coating protection in time wound.
4. on trunk and branch with white-out agent (quicklime: sulphur: salt: water: beastly oil=5:0.5:25:20:25) whitewash.
5. plough deeply 20cm, the tree crown bottom is suitably more shallow, and lime is spread fertilizer over the fields in full garden.
6. dig semi-circular grooves or the crescent ditch of dark 40-50cm, wide 20-30cm in the tree crown periphery, fowl, dry dung of livestock 10-15kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1-1.5kg are executed in strain, add 30g ten element boron fertilizers.
7. full garden spray 3-5 Baume degrees lime sulfur is at a distance from 20-30 days 1 time.
8. the insect that survives the winter is processed pesticide-clay mixture with 3% phoxim granule 6kg/ mu and spreads fertilizer over the fields before being unearthed, the table soil of should ploughing shallowly immediately after the dispenser.
Through above comprehensive preventing control method, the black Lee's damage by disease and insect during can making is controlled in the 5-10%.
, integrated application
(1) 2010 so far; The demonstration base is produced in black Lee's cultivating superior high-yield science and technology demonstration and standardization in 6 small towns such as the sweet Chinese bush cherry of Fu'an City, Sai Qi, Xi Tan, small stream handle, pool head and following Bai Shi; Adopt method of the present invention, the damage by disease and insect in 4 phenophases of black Li Zhounian growth is carried out comprehensive prevention and control, science and technology demonstration one-level fruit rate is reached more than 80%; Strain is produced more than the 30kg, more than the per mu yield 1900kg; Standardization production base one-level fruit rate reaches more than 70%, and strain is produced more than the 20kg, more than the per mu yield 1300kg; Every mu is increased production 665.84 kilograms, 699135 kilograms of new unitss increased in production, nearly 7,000,000 yuan of new output value.Simultaneously; Several kinds of damage by disease and insect ecology regulation and control systems are set up in promotion; Effectively controlled causing harm of black Lee's damage by disease and insect such as bacillary shothole disease, anthracnose, gummosis, heart-eating worm, longicorn, aphid, two spotted spider mite, noctuid, chafer, annual minimizing dispenser 4-6 time is saved the agricultural chemicals usage amount more than 60%; Significantly reduce the prevention and control cost, improved the plantation ecotope.
(2) 2010 so far, applies method of the present invention in Yongtai County, Foochow, achieves noticeable achievement; Use peasant household and reach family more than 600; Promote more than 3000 mu of plantation, more than 90 ten thousand kilograms of year new unitss increased in production, more than 900 ten thousand yuan of year new output values; Plantation peasant household increases income every year and surpasses 1.5 ten thousand yuan, has significantly promoted black Lee's in Yongtai County GAP level.Simultaneously; Several kinds of damage by disease and insect ecology regulation and control systems have been set up in promotion; Effectively controlled causing harm of black Lee's damage by disease and insect such as bacillary shothole disease, anthracnose, gummosis, heart-eating worm, longicorn, aphid, two spotted spider mite, noctuid, chafer, annual minimizing dispenser 4-5 time is saved the agricultural chemicals usage amount more than 50%; Significantly reduce the prevention and control cost, improved the plantation ecotope.
(3) 2010 so far, applies method of the present invention in counties (district) such as Sanming City Mingxi, Youxi, ternarys, achieves noticeable achievement; Use peasant household and reach family more than 300; Promote more than 1200 mu of plantation, more than 36 ten thousand kilograms of year new unitss increased in production, more than 360 ten thousand yuan of year new output values; Plantation peasant household increases income every year and surpasses 1.2 ten thousand yuan, has significantly promoted black Lee's of Sanming City GAP level.Simultaneously; Several kinds of damage by disease and insect ecology regulation and control systems are set up in promotion; Effectively controlled causing harm of black Lee's damage by disease and insect such as bacillary shothole disease, anthracnose, gummosis, heart-eating worm, longicorn, aphid, two spotted spider mite, noctuid, chafer, annual minimizing dispenser 3-5 time is saved the agricultural chemicals usage amount more than 45%; Significantly reduce the prevention and control cost, improved the plantation ecotope.
(4) 2010 so far, applies method of the present invention in the Songxi County, Nan Ping, achieves noticeable achievement; Use peasant household and reach family more than 500; Promote more than 2000 mu of plantation, more than 120 ten thousand kilograms of new unitss increased in production, more than 1,200 ten thousand yuan of new output values; Plantation peasant household increases income every year and surpasses 1.2 ten thousand yuan, has significantly promoted black Lee's in the county GAP level.Simultaneously; Several kinds of damage by disease and insect ecology regulation and control systems are set up in promotion; Effectively controlled causing harm of black Lee's damage by disease and insect such as bacillary shothole disease, anthracnose, gummosis, heart-eating worm, longicorn, aphid, two spotted spider mite, noctuid, chafer, annual minimizing dispenser 3-5 time is saved the agricultural chemicals usage amount more than 45%; Significantly reduce the prevention and control cost, improved the plantation ecotope.
Claims (1)
1. the comprehensive preventing control method of black Lee's damage by disease and insect; It is characterized in that: to rudiment and flowering stage, shoot growth and fruit development period, fruit harvesting and nutrition rehabilitation phase, fallen leaves and 4 the thing marquis phases of resting stage in the black Li Zhounian process of growth; Make up the comprehensive prevention and control measure that is fit to each phenophase damage by disease and insect, concrete preventing control method comprises:
(1) rudiment and flowering stage
In conjunction with insect pest situation monitoring, gardening control, physical control, biological control and chemical control, the structure garden is managed, is catched and killed, the prevention and control technical system of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion and medicine control;
Wherein gardening control: 1. the NPK of 0.3-0.5kg and the borax of 0.05-0.1kg are executed in the adult black every strain of Japanese plum of budding period, applying organic manure, and suitably pour water; 2. spending the back to topdress in 1 week, is main with instant nitrogenousfertilizer, cooperates phosphorus, potash fertilizer, in time pours water after executing; 0.2-0.3% borax of full-bloom stage spray; 3. combine to prune, dredge and remove the branch of growing thickly, useless branch, sick branch;
Physical control: trap and kill, catch and kill insect;
Biological control:, spray the entomopathogenic nematode or 10 of ten thousand/ml of 2.0-3.0 at the insect pest initial stage of origination
9-10
11Individual spore/liter the biocontrol microorganisms spore suspension; Protection simultaneously utilizes the insect pest natural enemy; At the disease initial stage of origination, spray 3000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin;
Chemical control: look the medication of disease insect pest situation, change the medication custom of seeing that disease, worm just beat;
(2) shoot growth and fruit development period
In conjunction with insect pest situation monitoring, gardening control, physical control, biological control and chemical control, the structure garden is managed, is catched and killed, the prevention and control technical system of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion and medicine control;
Wherein gardening control: 1. combine to prune, wipe out branch, leaf, young fruit that the disease worm is caused harm, take the orchard out of, concentrate and destroy; 2. the physiological fallen fruit phase first time, spray 1-2 hypophosphorous acid potassium dihydrogen solution; 2. for the second time the physiological fallen fruit phase increases and executes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; 3. the stone phase topdresses, and serves as main or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compounding application with nitrogen, potash fertilizer, in time waters after executing, and notes prevention waterlogging; 4. fruit expanding period foliage-spray chemical fertilizer at a distance from 5-15 days 1 time, is noted prevention waterlogging; 5. the painted phase increases executes 1 sulphoxylic acid potassium, and every strain 0.1-0.3kg in time waters after executing;
Physical control: 1. body is set in inspection, finds longicorn emergence hole, with cement or tabia sealing; 2. trap and kill, catch and kill insect;
Biological control: at the insect pest initial stage of origination, spray 2000 times of liquid of 18% AVM, contain 300-600 times of liquid of bacillus thuringiensis,Bt missible oil, 400-600 times of liquid of 2.5% nikkomycin wetting powder of 10,000,000,000 living spores/milliliters, the entomopathogenic nematode or 10 of ten thousand/ml of 2.0-3.0
9-10
11Individual spore/liter the biocontrol microorganisms spore suspension; Protection simultaneously utilizes the insect pest natural enemy; At the disease initial stage of origination, spray 3000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin;
Chemical control: look the medication of disease insect pest situation, change the medication custom of seeing that disease, worm just beat;
(3) fruit harvesting and nutrition rehabilitation phase
In conjunction with insect pest situation monitoring, gardening control, physical control, biological control and chemical control, the structure garden is managed, is catched and killed, the prevention and control technical system of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion and medicine control;
Wherein gardening control: 1. combine to prune, wipe out fracture branch, deadwood, water sprout, sick branch, pick up the wormed fruit that lands, take the orchard out of, concentrate and destroy; 2. adopt the every strain in back and execute nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.3kg, add urea 0.2kg, applying organic manure, and suitably pour water, increase tree body nutrient reserve; 3. strike off pathological tissues, then the wound of coating protection in time;
Physical control: trap and kill, catch and kill insect;
Biological control:, spray the entomopathogenic nematode or 10 of 2000 times of liquid of 18% AVM, 400-600 times of liquid of 2.5% nikkomycin wetting powder, ten thousand/ml of 2.0-3.0 at the insect pest initial stage of origination
9-10
11Individual spore/liter the biocontrol microorganisms spore suspension; Protection simultaneously utilizes the insect pest natural enemy; At the disease initial stage of origination, spray 3000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin;
Chemical control: look the medication of disease insect pest situation, change the medication custom of seeing that disease, worm just beat;
(4) fallen leaves and resting stage
In conjunction with gardening control, physical control and chemical control measure, the prevention and control technical system of structure garden pipe and medicine control is is mainly prevented and treated the wintering pest evil;
The gardening control: 1. leaf fall period pruning, repair and remove sick worm deadwood, overstocked branch, water sprout; 2. in time remove the branch and the wormed fruit that lands under fallen leaves, the pruning, to reduce disease worm hibernacle; 3. strike off the trunk tertia, stick up skin and pathological tissues, back coating protection in time wound; 4. lime is spread fertilizer over the fields in full garden; 5. dig semi-circular grooves or the crescent ditch of dark 40-50cm, wide 20-30cm in the tree crown periphery, fowl, dry dung of livestock 10-15kg or cake fertilizer 6-8kg and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 1-1.5kg are executed in strain, add 30g ten element boron fertilizers; 6. the tree of turning over early spring dish; Simultaneously, destroy the hibernacle of insect, or it is turned in ground the indumentum wind do or eaten by unfirmly closing;
Physical control: on trunk and branch, whitewash or wrap up plastic film, gunnysack and straw rope, reduce insect and lay eggs and hibernacle with white-out agent;
Chemical control: 1. full garden spray 3-5 Baume degrees lime sulfur or 500 times of liquid of 40% asomate wetting powder, at a distance from 20-30 days 1 time; 2. before the insect that survives the winter is unearthed, processes pesticide-clay mixture with 3% phoxim granule 6kg/ mu, Mi Leer granule or enemy horse pulvis 2kg/ mu and spread fertilizer over the fields the table soil of to plough shallowly immediately after the dispenser.
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