CN102680364B - Method for testing capillary water ascending height of multihole medium - Google Patents
Method for testing capillary water ascending height of multihole medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN102680364B CN102680364B CN201210182991.0A CN201210182991A CN102680364B CN 102680364 B CN102680364 B CN 102680364B CN 201210182991 A CN201210182991 A CN 201210182991A CN 102680364 B CN102680364 B CN 102680364B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing a capillary water ascending height of a multihole medium. The method is characterized in that the capillary water ascending height is measured by a test device. The device is characterized in that a water tank (1) is connected with a pressure test pipe (6) through a lower water pipe (2); the pressure test pipe (6) is connected with a capillary pipe (9) through a plastic pipe (18); the lower water pipe (2) is connected with the pressure test pipe (6) through a water supplementation pipe (19); the water supplementation pipe (19) is controlled by a water supplementation pipe switch (20); the pressure test pipe (6) is connected with a water overflow pipe (7); coarse sand (11) is spread on a lower water permeation stone (10); an upper water permeation stone (12) is arranged on the coarse sand (11); filter paper is put on the surface of the upper water permeation stone (12); a test sample (16) is arranged on the filter paper; a test sample barrel (17) is connected with an air exhaust pipe (14); and a plurality of soil taking hole plugs (15) are arranged on the test sample barrel (17). According to the method, the device used in the method is easy to manufacture, high in measurement precision and convenient to use and can meet the requirement on control over the sample capillary water ascending height; parameters such as the capillary water ascending heights and the rates of various multihole media including sand, sandy soil and powdered soil can be directly measured; and the method can be used for indoor or field test on parameters such as the capillary water ascending heights and the rates of various multihole media in civil engineering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of geotechnological method of testing, belongs to building (ground) field of engineering technology.
Background technology
Capillarity in porous medium is at nature ubiquity, and its inner diphasic flow, no matter be to medium itself or polyphasic flow system, has engineering background widely.In soil, capillarity is to produce due to the power that attracts each other between grogs and hydrone and the surface tension of water.Capillary water height test can be obtained lifting height and the ascending velocity thereof of native inner capillary water, while being used for estimating underground water table rising, whether certain areas can become marsh or salinization of soil, buildings has or not the problems such as the possibility of being soaked, and can be used to calculate the necessary degree of depth of lowering of watertable.The method of measuring at present capillary water height is more, and every kind of method is for different types of porous medium, and does not also realize standardized operation.This application will be invented a kind of test unit exactly, to be applicable to the measurement of multiple porous medium capillary water height and speed.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of capillary water height measurement mechanism that is applicable to porous medium, the measurement problem of capillary water height and speed in solution sand or silt.
Technical solution of the present invention, is characterized in that utilizing a kind of test unit to measure capillary water height, and this device comprises water tank 1, downcomer 2, downcomer switch 3, three-way connection 4, three-way cock 5, piezometric tube 6, overflow pipe 7, overflow pipe switch 8, kapillary 9, lower permeable stone 10, coarse sand 11, upper dankness stone 12, gas outlet switch 13, gas outlet 14, the stopple 15 that fetches earth, sample 16, test specimen tube 17, plastic tube 18, filling pipe 19, filling pipe switch 20.Water tank 1 is connected with piezometric tube 6 by downcomer 2, piezometric tube 6 is connected with kapillary 9 by plastic tube 18, downcomer 2 is connected with piezometric tube 6 by filling pipe 19, filling pipe 19 is controlled by filling pipe switch 20, downcomer 2 is provided with downcomer switch 3, three-way connection 4 is provided with three-way cock 5, piezometric tube 6 is connected with overflow pipe 7, overflow pipe 7 is controlled by overflow pipe switch 8, lower permeable stone 10 is covered with coarse sand 11 above, coarse sand 11 is provided with upper dankness stone 12 above, upper dankness stone 12 surfaces are covered with filter paper, sample 16 is housed above filter paper, test specimen tube 17 connects gas outlet 14, gas outlet 14 is controlled by gas outlet switch 13, test specimen tube 17 is provided with multiple stopples 15 that fetch earth, test specimen tube 17 thickness are greater than 0.5cm, internal diameter is greater than 3-4cm, piezometric tube 6 outer walls are with scale value, minimum scale is 1mm, 0 of scale is positioned at scale value top, and flush with upper dankness stone 12 end faces.
Advantage of the present invention:
Instrument manufacturing is simple, and measuring accuracy is high, easy to use, meets sample capillary water height control requirement, can directly measure the parameter such as capillary water height and speed that various porous mediums comprise sand, sand, silt.
The scope of application of the present invention:
The various porous medium capillary water heights that can be used for running in civil engineering work and the isoparametric indoor or on-the-spot test of speed.
Accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of measuring the test method test unit used of porous medium capillary water height.Wherein have: water tank 1, downcomer 2, downcomer switch 3, three-way connection 4, three-way cock 5, piezometric tube 6, overflow pipe 7, overflow pipe switch 8, kapillary 9, lower permeable stone 10, coarse sand 11, upper dankness stone 12, gas outlet switch 13, gas outlet 14, the stopple 15 that fetches earth, sample 16, test specimen tube 17, plastic tube 18, filling pipe 19, filling pipe switch 20.
Embodiment:
Embodiment: as follows for measuring the test method of porous medium capillary water height:
(1) test method of sand capillary water height:
1. lower permeable stone 10 is put into coupon 17, spread the thick coarse sand 11 of 1cm on lower permeable stone 10, coarse sand 11 is installed permeable stone 12 above, and upper dankness stone 12 spreads one deck filter paper above;
2. get the air-dry sand of 1.5kg, disperse to be sprinkled in coupon 17, with tamper tamping gently, reach required dry density, now 0,6 top of piezometric tube scale value should flush in sample 16 lower surfaces;
3. close downcomer switch 3, three-way cock 5 and filling pipe switch 20, open overflow pipe switch 8 and gas outlet switch 13, will in water tank 1, fill water;
4. open downcomer switch 3, water is slowly flowed in piezometric tube 6 and kapillary 9, after 12 exhausts of water-soaked upper dankness stone, close gas outlet switch 13;
5. treat that water starts to soak sample 16 bottoms, and after overflow pipe 7 starts to have water to overflow, close downcomer switch 3, and start timing, through 5,10,20,30,60min respectively records capillary water height one time, later according to the depth of capillary water rising degree and sand color, record once every a few hours, obtain capillary water height, draw capillary water height and time curve, obtain capillary water climbing speed;
6. test is carried out, and when overflow pipe 7 is anhydrous while dripping, is repeatedly slowly interrupted and opens filling pipe switch 20, to piezometric tube 6 water fillings, has water droplet lower time to overflow pipe 7, closes filling pipe switch 20;
7. after off-test, open from top to bottom the stopple 15 that fetches earth of test specimen tube 17, scoop out appropriate sample 16 with little spoon, carry out water cut test, draw sample 16 water percentage and capillary water height curve.
(2) test method of silt capillary water height:
1. lower permeable stone 10 is put into coupon 17, spread the thick coarse sand 11 of 1cm on lower permeable stone 10, coarse sand 11 is installed permeable stone 12 above, and upper dankness stone 12 spreads one deck filter paper above;
2. get air-dry silt 1.5kg, disperse to be sprinkled in coupon 17, with tamper tamping gently, reach after required dry density,, sample 16 peripheries and test specimen tube 17 contacts site seal with paraffin, and now 0, piezometric tube top scale value should flush in sample 16 lower surfaces;
3. in the time adopting original state silt sample, first measure sample water percentage and density, then silt sample diameter is whittled into test specimen tube 17 internal diameter sizes, height of specimen is the twice of diameter, sample is slowly put into after test specimen tube 17, sample 16 peripheries and test specimen tube 17 contacts site seal with paraffin, and now 0, piezometric tube top scale value should flush in sample 16 lower surfaces;
4. close successively downcomer switch 3, three-way cock 5, filling pipe switch 20 and overflow pipe switch 8, open gas outlet switch 13, will in water tank 1, fill water;
5. open downcomer switch 3, water is slowly flowed in piezometric tube 6 and kapillary 9, after 12 exhausts of water-soaked upper dankness stone, close gas outlet switch 13;
6. be slowly interrupted and open or close downcomer switch 3, make gently saturated sample 16 from bottom to top of water, during to sample 16 surperficial water breakthrough, close downcomer switch 3;
7. slowly drive three-way cock 5, piezometric tube 6 waters surface are slowly declined gradually, stop declining or while starting to raise to the water surface in pipe, write down now water surface scale value reading in piezometric tube 6, be the capillary water height of this test sample 16;
8. repeat 5.-7., get the arithmetic mean of 2 measurement results, be the capillary water height of this sample 16;
9. after off-test, open from top to bottom the stopple 15 that fetches earth of test specimen tube 17, scoop out appropriate sample 16 with little spoon, carry out water cut test, draw sample 16 water percentage and capillary water height curve.
Claims (1)
1. the test method of a porous medium capillary water height, it is characterized in that utilizing a kind of test unit to measure capillary water height, this device comprises water tank (1), downcomer (2), downcomer switch (3), three-way connection (4), three-way cock (5), piezometric tube (6), overflow pipe (7), overflow pipe switch (8), kapillary (9), lower permeable stone (10), coarse sand (11), upper dankness stone (12), gas outlet switch (13), gas outlet (14), stopple (15) fetches earth, sample (16), test specimen tube (17), plastic tube (18), filling pipe (19), filling pipe switch (20), utilize the test method of this measurement device sand or silt capillary water height as follows:
(1) test method of sand capillary water height:
1. lower permeable stone (10) is put into coupon (17), on lower permeable stone (10), spread the thick coarse sand of 1cm (11), coarse sand (11) is installed permeable stone (12) above, and upper dankness stone (12) spreads one deck filter paper above;
2. get the air-dry sand of 1.5kg, disperse to be sprinkled in coupon (17), with tamper tamping gently, reach required dry density, now 0, top of piezometric tube (6) scale value should flush in sample (16) lower surface;
3. close downcomer switch (3), three-way cock (5) and filling pipe switch (20), open overflow pipe switch (8) and gas outlet switch (13), will in water tank (1), fill water;
4. open downcomer switch (3), water is slowly flowed in piezometric tube (6) and kapillary (9), after water-soaked upper dankness stone (12) exhaust, close gas outlet switch (13);
5. treat that water starts to soak sample (16) bottom, and after overflow pipe (7) starts to have water to overflow, close downcomer switch (3), and start timing, through 5,10,20,30,60min respectively records capillary water height one time, later according to the depth of capillary water rising degree and sand color, record once every a few hours, obtain capillary water height, draw capillary water height and time curve, obtain capillary water climbing speed;
6. during test is carried out, in the time of anhydrous the dripping of overflow pipe (7), be repeatedly slowly interrupted and open filling pipe switch (20), to piezometric tube (6) water filling, there is water droplet lower time to overflow pipe (7), close filling pipe switch (20);
7. after off-test, open from top to bottom the stopple that fetches earth (15) of test specimen tube (17), scoop out appropriate sample (16) with little spoon, carry out water cut test, draw sample (16) water percentage and capillary water height curve;
(2) test method of silt capillary water height:
1. lower permeable stone (10) is put into coupon (17), on lower permeable stone (10), spread the thick coarse sand of 1cm (11), coarse sand (11) is installed permeable stone (12) above, and upper dankness stone (12) spreads one deck filter paper above;
2. get air-dry silt 1.5kg, disperse to be sprinkled in coupon (17), with tamper tamping gently, reach after required dry density, sample (16) periphery and test specimen tube (17) contact site seal with paraffin, and now 0, piezometric tube top scale value should flush in sample (16) lower surface;
3. in the time adopting original state silt sample, first measure sample water percentage and density, then silt sample diameter is whittled into test specimen tube (17) internal diameter size, height of specimen is the twice of diameter, sample is slowly put into after test specimen tube (17), sample (16) periphery and test specimen tube (17) contact site seal with paraffin, and now 0, piezometric tube top scale value should flush in sample (16) lower surface;
4. close successively downcomer switch (3), three-way cock (5), filling pipe switch (20) and overflow pipe switch (8), open gas outlet switch (13), will in water tank (1), fill water;
5. open downcomer switch (3), water is slowly flowed in piezometric tube (6) and kapillary (9), after water-soaked upper dankness stone (12) exhaust, close gas outlet switch (13);
6. be slowly interrupted and open or close downcomer switch (3), make gently saturated sample (16) from bottom to top of water, during to the surperficial water breakthrough of sample (16), close downcomer switch (3);
7. slowly drive three-way cock (5), piezometric tube (6) water surface is slowly declined gradually, while stopping declining or starting to raise to the interior water surface of pipe, write down the now middle water surface scale value reading of piezometric tube (6), be the capillary water height of this test sample (16);
8. repeat 5.-7., get the arithmetic mean of 2 measurement results, be the capillary water height of this sample (16);
9. after off-test, open from top to bottom the stopple that fetches earth (15) of test specimen tube (17), scoop out appropriate sample (16) with little spoon, carry out water cut test, draw sample (16) water percentage and capillary water height curve.
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| CN201210182991.0A CN102680364B (en) | 2012-06-06 | 2012-06-06 | Method for testing capillary water ascending height of multihole medium |
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| CN201210182991.0A CN102680364B (en) | 2012-06-06 | 2012-06-06 | Method for testing capillary water ascending height of multihole medium |
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| CN102680364B true CN102680364B (en) | 2014-05-21 |
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| CN103117102B (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2015-05-27 | 浙江建安检测研究院有限公司 | Point source manufacturing method and capillary tube used for positron emission tomography (PET) detection |
| CN105806761B (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2018-07-06 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of capillary rise height and specific yield while assay method and measurement device |
| CN110261583B (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2022-03-04 | 石河子大学 | Experimental method for accurately measuring water characteristic curve of porous medium with low water holding capacity |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101692035A (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2010-04-07 | 东南大学 | Capillary soil water climbing height measuring device |
| CN202002832U (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-10-05 | 吉林省公路勘测设计院 | Roadbed capillary water increasing height molding test instrument |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101692035A (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2010-04-07 | 东南大学 | Capillary soil water climbing height measuring device |
| CN202002832U (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-10-05 | 吉林省公路勘测设计院 | Roadbed capillary water increasing height molding test instrument |
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Granted publication date: 20140521 Termination date: 20190606 |