Water body buoy section sampling apparatus and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to monitoring water environment technical field, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of water body buoy section sampling apparatus and method.
Background technology
Physics, chemistry, the biotic factor of the different water layers of the water bodys such as ocean, lake, reservoir, river are widely different, and traditional monitering buoy is general only monitors for surface water, can not truly reflect the water quality situation of whole water body section.For example, in ocean, phytoplankton can be in the whole euphotic layer existence of degree of depth 0-200m, and the Phytoplankton biomass of so only measuring surface water is to represent Phytoplankton biomass in whole 200m water column.
In order to carry out long term monitoring to the water body of different depth, researchist has designed several different methods and device is done profile survey, substantially can be divided into four classes:
(1) the buoy section method of movement.The buoy integral body of carrying surveying instrument is carried out section motion in water body inside, the water body of different depth is monitored simultaneously.Most typical representative is Argos drifting buoy, by regulating upper and lower section in the marine site of buoyancy in degree of depth 2000m to move, measures the indexs such as water temperature, pressure, salinity, and when buoy surfaces, carries out satellite communication.China scientific research personnel also autonomous Design some can do the buoy of section motion, as Chinese invention patent CN 100445164C, CN 101738179B and CN 102129089A etc.
Although these buoys can carry out good profile survey, but all exist power supply supply difficulty, electric weight to exhaust the problem of necessary power cut-off, can only measure the basic indexs such as water temperature, pressure, salinity, complicated nutritive salt and biological indicator cannot be measured due to length consuming time simultaneously.
(2) the sensor section method of movement.Setting winch system on buoy or platform, controls sensor by winch and in underwater, does section motion and measure.As far back as U.S.'s patent of invention 4157657 in 1979, just proposed this viewpoint, the water quality vertical section automatic monitoring system of U.S. YSI Inc. has also adopted similar approach.The major defect of this method is also to measure complicated nutritive salt and biological indicator.U.S. Patent application US2003/0092393 A1 has proposed a kind of platform that can regulate buoyancy that drags under buoy, carries instrument on platform, the method for carrying out profile survey by controlling the lifting of platform.In this method, the elevating control of platform is similar to Argos drifting buoy, but its power supply adopts the sun power of water surface float, can continue.For the instrument type of carrying on platform, this patent is not pointed out in detail.
(3) sensor section lays method.Wirerope of drag and drop under buoy or platform is installed water quality sensor every a segment distance on wirerope, is placed in water body and monitors for a long time.Typical Representative is the temperature chain T-Chain system of U.S. PME company, and Chinese utility model patent CN 201497507 U, CN 201215902 U and CN2400792Y etc. have also proposed similar temperature catenary system.This system also be take the indexs such as simple gaging pressure, temperature as main, for nutritive salt and biological indicator, cannot measure.
(4) the sampling pipe section method of movement.Chinese invention patent application CN 102381441 A have proposed a kind ofly by the sampling pipe VTOL (vertical take off and landing) below motor control buoy, to come section to sample, and the instrument room that sample delivery enters buoy inside are carried out to the method for analysis to measure.The advantage of this method is water sample to be conveyed in the instrument room of buoy inside and can to carry out more complicated measurement, as the flow cytometry that utilizes that this patent proposes is counted phytoplankton, shortcoming is that sampling pipe, easily with current drift, causes the degree of depth that cannot accurately determine source water sample.
To sum up, still do not have a kind of good method to carry out perfect physics, chemistry and biology measurement to water body section at present.Buoy and the sensor section method of movement are not suitable for carrying out the measurement of process complexity, longer nutritive salt consuming time, biological indicator; Sensor section lays method can only measure simple physical index, if nutritive salt analysis, bio-analysis instrument also section are laid, cost is too high; The sampling pipe section method of movement is subject to the impact of drift.At present to be that desired design is a kind of can carry out the device of accurate section sampling to more feasible mode under buoy, water sample is conveyed in the instrument cabin of buoy inside, utilize various advanced persons' physics, chemistry and biology analytical instrument to carry out perfect measurement, and provide electric power by buoy solar electric power supply system, reach the object of unmanned, long-term, continuous monitoring.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of water body buoy section sampling apparatus and method, and the water sample that can automatically gather different water layers carries out water analysis.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of water body buoy section sampling apparatus, comprise the section sampling unit that is arranged on the electronic compartment unit of buoy inside and is hung vertically in described buoy below; Wherein
Described section sampling unit comprises:
Section water inlet pipe;
A plurality of T-valve, are arranged on described section water inlet pipe every a segment distance, for gathering and carry the water sample of different depth;
Wirerope, is connected with described buoy;
A plurality of pressure transducers, are arranged on described wirerope every a segment distance, are arranged on accordingly respectively in same level, for measuring the hydraulic pressure at T-valve place described in each with T-valve described in each; And
Weight with being connected bottom of described wirerope, makes described wirerope keep vertical as far as possible;
Described electronic compartment unit comprises:
Flowmeter, is connected with described section water inlet pipe, for measuring the water sample flow velocity of extraction;
Water quality measurement chamber, is connected with described flowmeter by pipeline, for the water sample extracting from different depth is carried out to Measurement and analysis;
Water plug, is connected on the pipeline between described flowmeter and described water quality measurement chamber by pipeline, gathers the water sample of different depth for controlling described section sampling unit;
Data acquisition module, is connected with a plurality of described pressure transducers, described water plug and described water quality measurement chamber respectively, for controlling water sampling, depth survey and water analysis, and the data of record measurement; And
Solar electric power supply system, is connected with described water quality measurement chamber with described data acquisition module respectively, for gathering the work power supply that sun power is described water body buoy section sampling apparatus.
Alternatively, described solar electric power supply system comprises:
Solar panels, for gathering sun power and being translated into electric energy;
Battery pack, for storing described electric energy;
Solar-electricity pool controller, is connected with described battery pack with described solar panels respectively, for power storage that described solar panels are transformed, to described battery pack, and will after the electric power voltage stabilizing of described battery pack output, carry power supply.
Alternatively, the number of described T-valve and described pressure transducer is 2~200.
Alternatively, sieves is equipped with in the water inlet of described T-valve, for the impurity in filtering water body.
Alternatively, the Measurement and analysis of physics, chemistry and/or Biological indicators is carried out in described water quality measurement chamber to described water sample.
Alternatively, the outside of described buoy, with drainpipe, is led in described water quality measurement chamber, for the described water sample measuring is discharged to outside described buoy.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention also provides a kind of method that adopts aforesaid water body buoy section sampling apparatus to carry out the sampling of water body section, comprises step:
A. the T-valve that data acquisition module is controlled a certain degree of depth is opened its first port and water inlet water inlet;
B. start water plug, by the extraction decimation in time water sample of setting, flowmeter is measured the water sample flow velocity of extraction simultaneously;
C. Measurement and analysis is carried out to extracting the water sample entering in it in water quality measurement chamber;
D. after the measurement of above-mentioned steps c finishes, described data acquisition module is closed the water inlet of the described T-valve of the current degree of depth, opens the second port, and the T-valve of controlling another degree of depth is opened its first port and water inlet water inlet;
E. repeat above-mentioned steps b~d, the end until the T-valve of all degree of depth is all sampled, closes whole described T-valve and water plug.
Alternatively, described extraction time=described water sample by the current degree of depth to the time+described water sample of described flowmeter by described flowmeter the time+time expand to described water quality measurement chamber.
Alternatively, described time expand, refers to that in order to ensure the described water sample extracting be the water at certain depth place, gets rid of and disturbs needed safe time.
Alternatively, described data acquisition module, when the T-valve water inlet of controlling a certain degree of depth, synchronously obtains the hydraulic pressure data that the pressure transducer of current depth measures.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention can carry out accurate section sampling to the water body under buoy, and wirerope connects the drift that weight has been avoided section water inlet pipe effectively.Even in the larger place of current, there is drift by a small margin in section water inlet pipe, and near the pressure transducer each T-valve also can be calibrated sampling depth, does not affect the profile analysis to whole water column.
Measurement and analysis is carried out in the water quality measurement chamber that the present invention is conveyed into buoy inside by water sample, both can do simple physical measurement, also can do the measurements such as complicated nutritive salt, flow cytometry, modulation chlorophyll fluorescence, than existing monitering buoy measurement index more accurately, more perfect.
The present invention adopts solar electric power supply system that electric power is provided, and can really accomplish the object of unmanned, long-term, continuous sampling, in conjunction with buoy monitoring device, can carry out long term monitoring to water body.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The above and other features of the present invention, character and advantage become more obvious by the description by below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the modular structure figure of the water body buoy section sampling apparatus of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the entity structure schematic diagram of the water body buoy section sampling apparatus of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of the water body buoy section method of sampling of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the drawings, the invention will be further described; set forth in the following description more details so that fully understand the present invention; but the present invention obviously can implement with the multiple alternate manner that is different from this description; those skilled in the art can do similar popularization, deduction according to practical situations without prejudice to intension of the present invention in the situation that, therefore should be with content constraints protection scope of the present invention of this specific embodiment.
Fig. 1 is the modular structure figure of the water body buoy section sampling apparatus of one embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 is the entity structure schematic diagram of the water body buoy section sampling apparatus of one embodiment of the invention.It should be noted that these and follow-up other accompanying drawing are all only as example, it is not to draw according to the condition of equal proportion, and should not using that this is construed as limiting as the protection domain to actual requirement of the present invention.Shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, this water body buoy section sampling apparatus comprises integral installation in the electronic compartment unit 100 of buoy 8 inside and is hung vertically in the section sampling unit 200 below buoy 8.
Wherein, section sampling unit 200 comprises: section water inlet pipe 9, a plurality of T-valve 101~1nn, wirerope 10, a plurality of pressure transducer 201~2nn and weight 11 etc.Each T-valve 101~1nn includes the first port A, the second port B and water inlet C, and the break-make between each mouthful is changeable.A plurality of T-valve 101~1nn are arranged on section water inlet pipe 9 every a segment distance, for gathering and carry the water sample of different depth.Sieves 12 all can be equipped with in the water inlet C place of each T-valve 101~1nn, for impurity such as the silt in filtering water body, suspensions.The top of wirerope 10 is connected with buoy 8, is connected with bottom weight 11, makes wirerope 10 keep vertical, to avoid wirerope 9 to drift about with current as far as possible.A plurality of pressure transducer 201~2nn are arranged on wirerope 10 every a segment distance, being arranged on accordingly respectively in same level with each T-valve 101~1nn (is that T-valve 101 is arranged in same level with pressure transducer 201, T-valve 102 is arranged in same level with pressure transducer 202, it is first-class that T-valve 1nn and pressure transducer 2nn are arranged on same level), for measuring the hydraulic pressure at each T-valve 101~1nn place.When current are excessive while causing wirerope 9 drift, the degree of depth that the data that pressure transducer 201-2nn measures can be used for proofreading and correct water inlet.The number range of T-valve 101~1nn and pressure transducer 201~2nn is 2~200, and concrete number designs according to sample requirement.
In addition, electronic compartment unit 100 comprises: data acquisition module 4, water plug 5, flowmeter 6, water quality measurement chamber 7 and solar electric power supply system 300 etc.Flowmeter 6 is connected with section water inlet pipe 9, for measuring the water sample flow velocity of extraction.Water quality measurement chamber 7 is connected with flowmeter 6 by pipeline, for the water sample extracting from different depth is carried out to for example Measurement and analysis of physics, chemistry and/or Biological indicators, such as doing the measurements such as complicated nutritive salt, flow cytometry, modulation chlorophyll fluorescence.Water plug 5 is connected on the pipeline between flowmeter 6 and water quality measurement chamber 7 by pipeline, gathers the water sample of different depth for controlling section sampling unit 200.Data acquisition module 4 is connected with a plurality of pressure transducer 201~2nn, water plug 5 and water quality measurement chamber 7 respectively, for controlling water sampling, depth survey and water analysis, and the data of record measurement.Solar electric power supply system 300 is connected with water quality measurement chamber 7 with data acquisition module 4 respectively, for gathering the work power supply that sun power is water body buoy section sampling apparatus.In addition, the outside of buoy 8 can be led to drainpipe 13 in water quality measurement chamber 7, for the water sample measuring is discharged to outside buoy 8.
In the present embodiment, this solar electric power supply system 300 can specifically comprise: solar panels 1, solar-electricity pool controller 2 and battery pack 3.Solar panels 1 are for gathering sun power and being translated into electric energy.Battery pack 3 is for storage of electrical energy.Solar-electricity pool controller 2 is connected with battery pack 3 with solar panels 1 respectively, for power storage that solar panels 1 are transformed, to battery pack 3, and will after the electric power voltage stabilizing of battery pack 3 outputs, carry power supply.
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of the water body buoy section method of sampling of one embodiment of the invention.The present embodiment is continued to use element numbers and the partial content of previous embodiment, wherein adopts identical label to represent identical or approximate element, and has optionally omitted the explanation of constructed content.Explanation about clipped can be with reference to previous embodiment, and it is no longer repeated for the present embodiment.
This water body buoy section method of sampling can comprise step:
Execution step S301, opens its first port A and water inlet C (opening C-A road) water inlet by data acquisition module 4 according to the T-valve n of a certain degree of depth N of programmed control.
Execution step S302, starts water plug 5, the extraction decimation in time water sample that follow procedure is set, and flowmeter 6 is measured the water sample flow velocity in water pipe that enters extracting simultaneously.
Execution step S303,7 pairs of water quality measurement chambers are extracted from the degree of depth N water sample entering in it and are carried out various Measurement and analysis.Wherein, the water sample in this water quality measurement chamber 7 can be continuous flow, also can need resident according to analysis.
Execution step S304, after the measurement of above-mentioned steps S303 finishes, data acquisition module 4 is closed the water inlet C of the T-valve n of current degree of depth N according to program, opens the second port B (being switched to B-A road).In addition, the T-valve n+1 that controls another degree of depth N+1 opens its first port A and water inlet C (opening C-A road) water inlet.
Execution step S305, repeats above-mentioned steps S302~S304, and the end until the T-valve 101~1nn of all degree of depth all samples, closes whole T-valve 101~1nn and water plug 5, finishes to measure.
In the present embodiment, extraction time=water sample by the current degree of depth to the time+water sample of flowmeter 6 by flowmeter 6 time+the time expand to water quality measurement chamber 7.In order to ensure the water sample extracting, be the water at certain depth place, time expand is to disturb needed safe time for getting rid of.
In the present embodiment, data acquisition module 4 can also be when T-valve 101~1nn water inlet of controlling different depth place, synchronously obtain the hydraulic pressure data that the pressure transducer 201~2nn of current depth measures, in order to the depth of water degree of depth at Measurement accuracy T-valve 101~1nn place, avoid the depth error that causes that because current are excessive wirerope 10 drifts cause.
The present invention can carry out accurate section sampling to the water body under buoy, and wirerope connects the drift that weight has been avoided section water inlet pipe effectively.Even in the larger place of current, there is drift by a small margin in section water inlet pipe, and near the pressure transducer each T-valve also can be calibrated sampling depth, does not affect the profile analysis to whole water column.
Measurement and analysis is carried out in the water quality measurement chamber that the present invention is conveyed into buoy inside by water sample, both can do simple physical measurement, also can do the measurements such as complicated nutritive salt, flow cytometry, modulation chlorophyll fluorescence, than existing monitering buoy measurement index more accurately, more perfect.
The present invention adopts solar electric power supply system that electric power is provided, and can really accomplish the object of unmanned, long-term, continuous sampling, in conjunction with buoy monitoring device, can carry out long term monitoring to water body.
Although the present invention with preferred embodiment openly as above, it is not for limiting the present invention, and any those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make possible change and modification.Therefore, every content that does not depart from technical solution of the present invention, any modification, equivalent variations and the modification above embodiment done according to technical spirit of the present invention, within all falling into the protection domain that the claims in the present invention define.