CN102661966B - Method and device for measuring linear shrinkage rate and thermal stress of metal solidification process - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring linear shrinkage rate and thermal stress of metal solidification process Download PDFInfo
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- CN102661966B CN102661966B CN201210150921.7A CN201210150921A CN102661966B CN 102661966 B CN102661966 B CN 102661966B CN 201210150921 A CN201210150921 A CN 201210150921A CN 102661966 B CN102661966 B CN 102661966B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring a linear shrinkage rate and a thermal stress of a metal solidification process, which can solve the problems that the temperature is not uniform and the test is difficult in the existing method for measuring the shrinkage rate and the thermal stress of a black metal solidification process. The method comprises the following steps of: after smelting a sample in a crucible in situ, solidifying to realize the solidification under different cooling conditions; uniformly solidifying the sample in a temperature reducing process, wherein an axial temperature gradient is low and the measured linear shrinkage rate and thermal stress are accurate; and simultaneously measuring the linear shrinkage rate and the thermal stress in the solidification process through a stress sensor and a displacement sensor to realize continuous real-time measurement and correspond to those in an actual solidification process. According to the method and the device disclosed by the invention, the solidification and shrinkage properties of the metal can be accurately and reasonably measured, and the method and the device have important meanings of determining a casting and continuous casting process, improving relative equipment parameters and accelerating the quality and the yield of a casting blank and a casting piece.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to and a kind ofly study the method and device that metal solidification process linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress are measured under Different Cooling Conditions, belong to metal solidification process physical measurement field.
Background technology
The present invention relates generally to the solidification technology fields such as casting and continuous casting.There will be solidification shrinkage phenomenon in the process of setting of metal, carrying out along with solidifying, the volume of metal can change, and the object be in contact with it or metal itself produce effect of stress, sometimes can cause hot tearing and the cold cracking phenomenon of foundry goods.
The measurement of linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress typically uses linear shrinkage and hot tearing instrument.Solidify in pouring metal melt to casting mold, the measurement of line of solidification contraction and thermal stress can be realized.But this method exists, and axial-temperature gradient is excessive, the defect of sample gradient freeze, measured value can not be accurately corresponding with specimen temperature.Especially for ferrous metal, dystectic feature causes pouring temperature to be difficult to accurate control and sample has higher axial-temperature gradient, causes its linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress to be difficult to Measurement accuracy.Therefore, in general production, approximate value is obtained often through calculating.
The method calculating the solidification shrinkage rate of steel has two kinds: one to be utilize thermal expansivity to calculate, and usual all heat-obtaining expansion coefficient are constant; Another kind is that austenite gets 2.2 × 10
-5k
-1and ferrite gets 1.55 × 10
-5k
-1.The data that these two kinds of methods calculate are difficult to and actual production matches, main cause is that steel solidifies rear temperature-fall period and often has solid-state phase changes, and then cause volume change, and solid-state phase changes are relevant to cooldown rate, therefore linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress and cooldown rate have internal relation, can not be applicable to the process of setting of different cooling speed by the result of constant calculations.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the defect existed for prior art, a kind of metal solidification process linear shrinkage ratio reliably and thermal stress measuring method and device are provided, the measurement of linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress in metal solidification process can be realized reliably; Be applicable to black and non ferrous metal and their alloy process of setting.
For achieving the above object, design of the present invention is:
The present invention adopts, the device for accurately measuring of a kind of metal freezing shrinkage factor and thermal stress, melted by original position and clotting method bound site displacement sensor and strain gauge measure shrinkage factor and thermal stress simultaneously, solve current metal freezing linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress measure in the problem of non-uniform temperature and test difficulty.
According to foregoing invention design, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
Linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress measuring method in a kind of metal solidification process, be contained in by metal charge in crucible, crucible is fixed on horizontal stand, is placed in by crucible in the heating furnace under vacuum or particular atmosphere protection and heats; Metal reaches default temperature of fusion and after insulation, removes heating furnace, and the sensor of slotted line shrinkage factor and thermal stress to be divided with molten metal filing by gear train and contacts, the coagulating property of metal under measurement different cooling rate.Its feature is as follows:
1) sample original position fusing after coagulation in crucible, can realize solidifying under Different Cooling Conditions;
2) sample even solidification in temperature-fall period, axial-temperature gradient is low, and linear shrinkage ratio and the heat stress value of measurement are accurate;
3) in process of setting, linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress are measured by strain gauge and displacement transducer simultaneously, realize measuring in real time continuously, corresponding with actual process of setting.
The device of shrinkage factor and thermal stress in a set of accurate measurement process of setting of the present invention's correspondence exploitation.This device comprises heating and atmosphere protection system, crucible, temperature control and temperature acquisition system, linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress acquisition system, kinematic train, data display and disposal system, and its device characteristic is as follows:
1) described heating and atmosphere protection system: this system body is the box atmosphere protection resistance furnace of Si-Mo rod; In tolerance range, heating curves can be set arbitrarily at calandria; This resistance furnace is installed on guide rail by pulley, by described transmission system drives, realizes moving horizontally, and makes to be fixedly mounted on the crucible on crucible holder from the fire door shift-in of resistance furnace with shift out;
2) described temperature control and temperature acquisition system: this system is made up of thermopair group and temperature control module, works out heating schedule and collecting temperature by temperature control module, realizes the accurate control of resistance furnace temperature and the collection of thermopair group temperature data;
3) described linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress acquisition system: this system connects and composes a displacement and strain gauge respectively by a strain gauge, a displacement transducer with guide rod, can simultaneously slotted line shrinkage factor and thermal stress.Outside this displacement and strain gauge, there is heat insulating protecting apparatus, ensure the normal work of this sensor electronics.
4) described kinematic train: this system comprises sensor movement system and resistance furnace kinematic system two parts; Described sensor movement system connects described guide rod for the guide rod of survey sensor and thermopair group being down to the crucible position of shifting out from resistance furnace fire door, makes guide rod insert metal liquid inner; Described resistance furnace kinematic system is used for controlling resistance stove after heating completes, and moves to rapidly vacuum chamber opposite side, and after resistance furnace is removed, sensor movement system makes guide rod and thermopair decline, and starts gathering line shrinkage factor and thermal stress;
5) described data display and disposal system: connect displacement and strain gauge by described thermopair, this sensor is by number model calling data combing module according to the show, the displacement that thermopair, strain gauge and displacement transducer obtain by described data disaply moudle and stress conversion are digital signal, show intuitively; Described data processing module calculates linear shrinkage ratio under corresponding temperature and cooldown rate and thermal stress.
This device major parameter is: heating-up temperature is room temperature ~ 1600 DEG C, temperature acquisition frequency 1000Hz.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following apparent outstanding substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement:
In the process of setting of metal, particularly steel, linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress are in casting process being very important parameter.The present invention can measure the solidification shrinkage characteristic of metal reasonably and accurately, to determining that improvement, promotion strand, casting quality and the lumber recovery of casting and continuous casting process and relevant device parameter are significant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is present device main body schematic diagram (not comprising control and air path part).
(crucible shifts out resistance furnace) main body schematic diagram when Fig. 2 is present device measurement.
Fig. 3 is survey sensor distribution schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the present invention's crucible schematic diagram used.
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of Fig. 5.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiments of the present invention accompanying drawings is as follows:
Embodiment one:
With reference to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 6, linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress measuring method in this metal solidification process.Be contained in by metal charge in crucible, crucible is fixed on horizontal stand, is placed in by crucible in the heating furnace under vacuum or setting atmosphere protection and heats; Metal reaches default temperature of fusion and after insulation, removes heating furnace, and the sensor of slotted line shrinkage factor and thermal stress to be divided with molten metal filing by gear train and contacts, the linear shrinkage ratio of metal and thermal stress under measurement different cooling rate.It is characterized in that:
1) sample (13,14) original position fusing after coagulation in crucible (7), can realize solidifying under Different Cooling Conditions;
2) sample even solidification in temperature-fall period, axial-temperature gradient is low, and linear shrinkage ratio and the heat stress value of measurement are accurate;
3) in process of setting, linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress can be measured respectively by displacement transducer (12) and strain gauge (11) simultaneously, realize measuring in real time continuously, corresponding with actual process of setting.
Embodiment two
With reference to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 6; the measurement mechanism of shrinkage factor and thermal stress in this metal solidification process; mainly comprise heating and atmosphere protection system, temperature control and temperature acquisition system, linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress acquisition system, kinematic train, five systems such as data display and disposal system.This device is adopted to carry out shrinkage factor and thermal stress measuring method in metal solidification process as follows:
1, test button to be measured is made the block of suitable size, be contained in thermal stress sample crucible (13), shrinkage factor sample crucible (14), these two sample crucible are of a size of long 200mm, wide 10mm, high 20mm.Two sample crucible (13,14) prevent from forming crucible (7) on crucible heat insulation layer base (15), and crucible (7) is fixed on the fixing crucible holder (6) of level.Whole crucible starts to be placed in Si-Mo rod resistance furnace (5) flat-temperature zone under vacuum or special atmosphere protection.
2, after sample is heated to melt completely according to heating curve, at the temperature 30 minutes of setting.
3, by the kinematic train of resistance furnace, by resistance furnace (5) along guide rail (9), be pushed into the right side of vacuum chamber, whole sensor movement system is under the transmission of sensor movement guide pole (1) simultaneously, is displaced downwardly to position shown in Fig. 2.Thermopair group (3) and shrinkage factor sensor guide rod and thermal stress sensor guide rod (4) insert in molten metal solution.
4, according to measurement requirement, intensity of cooling is changed by controlled cooling model gas flow.By thermopair group (3) and strain gauge (11) and displacement transducer (12), the temperature in process of setting, shrinkage factor and thermal stress are sensed data handling system, show parameters change in process of setting in real time by data processing.
5, after cooling completely, take out sample, and change the guide rod of thermopair and sensor.
The present invention can accurately and continuous print measures linear shrinkage ratio in metal solidification process and thermal stress change, for rationally determine continuous casting process and casting technique device parameter and improve strand, casting quality is significant.
Embodiment three:
With reference to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 6; the measurement mechanism of shrinkage factor and thermal stress in this metal solidification process; be applied to said method to measure; comprise heating and atmosphere protection system, crucible (7), temperature control and temperature acquisition system, linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress acquisition system, kinematic train, data display and disposal system, its feature is as follows:
1) described heating and atmosphere protection system: this system body is the box atmosphere protection resistance furnace (5) of Si-Mo rod; In tolerance range, heating curves can be set arbitrarily at calandria; This resistance furnace (5) is installed on guide rail (9) by pulley (8), by described transmission system drives, realization moves horizontally, and makes to be fixedly mounted on the crucible (7) on crucible holder (6) from the fire door shift-in of resistance furnace (5) with shift out;
2) described temperature control and temperature acquisition system: this system is made up of thermopair group (3) and temperature control module, work out heating schedule and collecting temperature by temperature control module, realize the accurate control of resistance furnace (5) temperature and the collection of thermopair group (3) temperature data;
3) described linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress acquisition system: this system connects and composes a displacement and strain gauge (2) with guide rod (4) respectively by a strain gauge (11), a displacement transducer (12), can simultaneously slotted line shrinkage factor and thermal stress.There is heat insulating protecting apparatus in this displacement and strain gauge (2) outside, ensure the normal work of this sensor (2) electronic component.
4) described kinematic train: this system comprises sensor movement system (1) and resistance furnace kinematic system two parts; Described sensor movement system (1) connects described guide rod (4) for the guide rod (4) of survey sensor and thermopair group (3) being down to crucible (7) position of shifting out from resistance furnace (5) fire door, makes guide rod (4) insert metal liquid inner; Described resistance furnace kinematic system is used for controlling resistance stove (5) after heating completes, move to rapidly vacuum chamber opposite side, after resistance furnace (5) is removed, sensor movement system (1) makes guide rod (4) and thermopair (3) decline, and starts gathering line shrinkage factor and thermal stress;
5) described data display and disposal system: connect displacement and strain gauge (2) by described thermopair (3), this sensor (2) is by number model calling data combing module according to the show, the displacement that thermopair group (3), strain gauge (11) and displacement transducer (12) obtain by described data disaply moudle and stress conversion are digital signal, show intuitively; Described data processing module calculates linear shrinkage under corresponding temperature and cooldown rate and thermal stress.
This device heating-up temperature is room temperature ~ 1600 DEG C, temperature acquisition frequency 1000Hz.
Claims (3)
1. linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress measuring method in a metal solidification process;
Be contained in by metal charge in crucible, crucible is fixed on horizontal stand, is placed in by crucible in the heating furnace under vacuum or setting atmosphere protection and heats; Metal reaches default temperature of fusion and after insulation, removes heating furnace, and the sensor of slotted line shrinkage factor and thermal stress to be divided with molten metal filing by gear train and contacts, the linear shrinkage ratio of metal and thermal stress under measurement different cooling rate;
It is characterized in that:
1) metal charge (13,14) original position fusing after coagulation in crucible (7), realizes solidifying under Different Cooling Conditions;
2) metal charge even solidification in temperature-fall period, axial-temperature gradient is low, and linear shrinkage ratio and the heat stress value of measurement are accurate;
3) in process of setting, linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress are measured respectively by displacement transducer (12) and strain gauge (11) simultaneously, realize measuring in real time continuously, corresponding with actual process of setting.
2. linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress measurement mechanism in a metal solidification process; for the measurement of linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress measuring method in metal solidification process according to claim 1; comprise heating and atmosphere protection system, crucible (7), temperature control and temperature acquisition system, linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress acquisition system, kinematic train, data display and disposal system, its feature is as follows:
1) described heating and atmosphere protection system: this system body is the box atmosphere protection resistance furnace (5) of Si-Mo rod; In tolerance range, heating curves can be set arbitrarily at calandria; This resistance furnace (5) is installed on guide rail (9) by pulley (8), by described transmission system drives, realization moves horizontally, and makes to be fixedly mounted on the crucible (7) on crucible holder (6) from the fire door shift-in of resistance furnace (5) with shift out;
2) described temperature control and temperature acquisition system: this system is made up of thermopair group (3) and temperature control module, work out heating schedule and collecting temperature by temperature control module, realize the accurate control of resistance furnace (5) temperature and the collection of thermopair group (3) temperature data;
3) described linear shrinkage ratio and thermal stress acquisition system: this system connects and composes a displacement and strain gauge (2) with guide rod (4) respectively by a strain gauge (11), a displacement transducer (12), simultaneously slotted line shrinkage factor and thermal stress;
There is heat insulating protecting apparatus in this displacement and strain gauge (2) outside, ensure the normal work of this displacement and strain gauge (2) electronic component;
4) described kinematic train: this system comprises sensor movement system (1) and resistance furnace kinematic system two parts; Described sensor movement system (1) connects described guide rod (4) for the guide rod (4) of displacement and strain gauge and thermopair group (3) being down to crucible (7) position of shifting out from resistance furnace (5) fire door, makes guide rod (4) insert metal liquid inner; Described resistance furnace kinematic system is used for controlling resistance stove (5) after heating completes, move to rapidly vacuum chamber opposite side, after resistance furnace (5) is removed, sensor movement system (1) makes guide rod (4) and thermopair group (3) decline, and starts gathering line shrinkage factor and thermal stress;
5) described data display and disposal system: connect displacement and strain gauge (2) by described thermopair group (3), this sensor (2) is by number model calling data processing module according to the show, the displacement that thermopair group (3), strain gauge (11) and displacement transducer (12) obtain by described data disaply moudle and stress conversion are digital signal, show intuitively; Described data processing module calculates linear shrinkage ratio under corresponding temperature and cooldown rate and thermal stress.
3. according to linear shrinkage ratio in metal solidification process according to claim 2 and thermal stress measurement mechanism, it is characterized in that: heating-up temperature is room temperature ~ 1600 DEG C, temperature acquisition frequency 1000Hz.
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| CN104226952A (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2014-12-24 | 上海大学 | Metal solidification process simulation method |
| CN105970135B (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2019-02-22 | 上海大学 | Utilize the method and apparatus of strong magnetic field gradient preparation gradient composition block materials |
| CN108152107A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-06-12 | 上海材料研究所 | A kind of 3D printing analogue simulation is heat-shrinked parameter measuring apparatus with metal material |
| CN109765119B (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2021-11-26 | 北京工业大学 | In-situ device for measuring thermal stress on surface of thermal barrier coating system |
| JP7125906B2 (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2022-08-25 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Holding power evaluation method and shrinkage evaluation method |
| CN113418952A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-09-21 | 上海航天测控通信研究所 | Thermal stress testing method for thermal vacuum test |
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