CN102640636A - Quick interplanting and alternate cropping breeding method of konjac - Google Patents
Quick interplanting and alternate cropping breeding method of konjac Download PDFInfo
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- CN102640636A CN102640636A CN2012101159798A CN201210115979A CN102640636A CN 102640636 A CN102640636 A CN 102640636A CN 2012101159798 A CN2012101159798 A CN 2012101159798A CN 201210115979 A CN201210115979 A CN 201210115979A CN 102640636 A CN102640636 A CN 102640636A
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Abstract
A quick interplanting and alternate cropping breeding method of konjac relates to a breeding method including the plant interplanting of konjac rhizome bred plants, konjac seed cultivated plants and corn cultivated plants, and alternate cropping of plant pits. The breeding method has the following advantages that the plant interplanting is capable of filtering out partial sunshine needed by the konjac seed plants by using the corn plants and filtering out the sunshine needed by the konjac rhizome plants by using the konjac seed plants, thereby reducing the occurrence of sunscald, and simultaneously increasing the planting density of the plants and improving the yield of a unit planting area; and the alternate cropping of plant pits is capable of blocking a disease source of plant diseases and insect pests and also capable of continuously producing the konjac seed source so that commercial konjac can be provided every year; and therefore, the supply time of the commercial konjac is shortened.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of proportion of crop planting method, the mating system of nest crop rotation is interplanted and planted to the plant of the breeding of particularly a kind of konjaku root-like stock, the cultivation of kind taro and maize culture.
Background technology
Konjaku other Ming Amorphophalus rivieri belongs to the perennial perennial root stem tuber of Araeceae herbaceous plant; Mainly originate in the torrid zone, the Eastern Hemisphere, subtropics, China is one of original producton location, and all there is distribution in province mountain areas such as Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui, Fujian, Taiwan; Amorphophallus species is a lot, and there is more than 260 kind in the whole world, in state-owned 21 kinds, wherein 8 kinds be China peculiar.
China is shown in " Mingyi Bielu " of Wei Jin Tao Hongjing in period the earliest about the applicating history of konjaku, and first year konjaku is as medicine, later successive dynasties doctor work is all compiled, and Compendium of Material Medica has been introduced konjaku in detail as the instructions of taking of Chinese medicine and processing, modulator approach.
Konjaku is useful basic food, and to the too much people of edible animal property acid food, konjaku is eaten in collocation, can reach food acid, soda balance, and is favourable to health; At present health care, the medical function of konjaku many clinical experimental studies have been made all over the world; The conclusion basically identical; Wherein the main component konjaku glucomannan belongs to water-soluble hemicellulose, and its outstanding alimentary health-care function is to bring into play the regulating action of dietary fiber to nutritional imbalance, contained non-water-soluble fiber in the greengroceries such as it and Chinese cabbage, celery; Original shape discharge person is different after getting into human body, and it can participate in the metabolism of human body and influence intestinal changing to helping healthy direction; Konjaku is except that containing a large amount of Glucomannans; The amino acid and 10 kinds of mineral trace elements and the abundant food fiber that also contain alkaloid, pectin, 17 kinds of needed by human body; It is the unique plant that contains a large amount of Glucomannans of biosphere; Modern rich man's diseases such as high fat of blood, high cholesterol, diabetes, adiposis, constipation are had good preventive and therapeutic effect, are the desirable healthy food of the elderly, receive the favor of world's health food market deeply; In Japan, konjaku becomes the indispensable delicacies of seat seat already, is described as " magic power food ".
Konjaku glucomannan also has performances such as thickening, emulsification, gelling, bonding, water conservation; Its powder promptly can be used as major ingredient and makes various food; Also can be used as food additives to improve the quality of other food; In food industry, be used as food additives such as thickener, suspension emulsion, emulsifier, stabilizing agent, quality improver, be widely used in cereal product, meat products, beverage, flavouring, the bean product; Also can be used for fields such as cosmetics, textile industry, building industry, edible film, environmental protection, historical relic's protection in addition.
Owing to the extensive use of konjaku and all over the world to the understanding of konjaku, make that the market demand of konjaku is increasing, formed three big markets such as Japanese market, Korea S and market, Southeast Asia, American-European market at present.Needed both at home and abroad 900,000 tons of fresh Amorphophallus rivieris in 2006, and only 520,000 tons of output can't be satisfied the demand far away.
Since the eighties in 20th century, Chinese konjaku has begun industrialized development, but because of starting to walk evening; Planting technology never has very quantum jump, particularly provenance aspect, because konjaku is a perennial plant; Seed will pass through 2-3 and cultivate, and could come manufacturer's article taro as kind of a taro, in order to accelerate the speed of production of konjaku; People have thought a lot of ways, and now popular is root-like stock mating system, tubercle propagation method and stripping and slicing propagation method etc., and these methods are compared with seed growing; Accelerated the speed of breeding greatly; But still not enough aspect comprehensive diseases prevention and raising per unit area yield, patent No. 200310110792.X has announced " method of konjaku and corn diversity growing control konjak soft rot ", and this method reaches the purpose of control soft rot through interplanting; But undesirable to rationally utilizing sunlight with the effect of prevention sunscald, more consider to improve planting density and pass through the crop rotation diseases prevention.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of on same block of field soil, can be through interplanting filtration fraction sunlight, and prevention konjaku sunscald; Again can be through crop rotation blocking-up damage by disease and insect; Can also increase the konjaku planting density through interplanting, thereby increase the output of unit field soil, can also konjaku provenance and commodity konjaku constantly be provided through interplanting and crop rotation; Making perennial konjaku become all has output every year, to improve the economic benefit of unit field soil area.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above; The technical scheme that the present invention adopted is that konjaku is interplanted the crop rotation mating system fast; Comprise the plant interplanting of konjaku root-like stock breeding plant, konjaku kind taro cultivation plant and maize culture plant and plant the mating system of nest crop rotation, concrete grammar is following.
1. plant interplanting: with the land for growing field crops ridging of turning over, row spacing 105cm～130cm, the high 20cm in ridge, furrow width 20cm～30cm between the ridge, the long 10m～15m in ridge; During cultivation konjaku root-like stock plant, konjaku kind taro plant and milpa are interplanted; Every ridge is divided into plurality of rows; Longitudinal pitch is 25-30cm between every row plant; Every row interplants konjaku root-like stock plant, konjaku kind taro plant and milpa respectively; Horizontal spacing pattern between its plant is that horizontal space between plants is 25-30cm when plantation konjaku kind taro and milpa, that is:---15cm～20cm---plant---25cm～30cm---plant---25cm～30cm---plant---25cm～30cm---plant---15cm～20cm---furrow edge, furrow edge; Horizontal space between plants is 12.5-15cm during plantation konjaku root-like stock, that is:---15cm～20cm---plant---12.5cm～15cm---plant---12.5cm～15cm---plant---12.5cm～15cm---plant---12.5cm～15cm---plant---12.5cm～15cm---plant---12.5cm～15cm---plant---15cm～20cm---furrow edge, furrow edge; Vertically space between plants and interplanting pattern are: furrow edge---15cm～20cm---konjaku kind taro plant---25cm～30cm---konjaku root-like stock plant---25cm～30cm---konjaku kind taro plant---25cm～30cm---milpa---25cm～30cm---konjaku kind taro plant ... Milpa---25cm～30cm---konjaku kind taro plant---15cm～20cm---furrow edge.
2. plant the nest crop rotation: it is konjaku kind taro plant in proper order that 1 year every row plants the plantation of nest; Konjaku root-like stock plant; Konjaku kind taro plant; Milpa ... The plantation that 1 year every row plants nest becomes konjaku root-like stock plant in proper order; Konjaku kind taro plant; Milpa; Konjaku kind taro plant ... The plantation that the 3rd year every row plants nest becomes konjaku kind taro plant in proper order; Milpa; Konjaku kind taro plant; Konjaku root-like stock plant ... The plantation that the 4th year every row plants nest becomes milpa in proper order; Konjaku kind taro plant; Konjaku root-like stock plant; Konjaku kind taro plant ..., so circulation; The nest of planting of promptly 1 year plantation konjaku kind taro plant was planted konjaku root-like stock plant in 1 year; The nest of planting of 1 year plantation konjaku root-like stock plant directly became plantation konjaku kind taro plant in 1 year; That planted konjaku kind taro plant in 1 year plants nest 1 year maize planting plant; The nest of planting of 1 year maize planting plant was planted konjaku kind taro plant, annual later on so circulation in 1 year.
Relational language and definition among the present invention.
Konjaku described in the present invention refers to elephant-foot yam.
Konjaku kind taro: the single quality that is used to breed konjaku commodity taro is greater than 100g and less than the elephant-foot yam bulb of 500g.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that plant interplanting can use the needed sunlight of milpa filtration fraction konjaku kind taro plant; Filter the needed sunlight of konjaku root-like stock plant with konjaku kind taro plant; Reduce the generation of sunscald; Also can increase the planting density of plant simultaneously, increase the output of unit cultivated area; Plant the nest crop rotation and can block the pathogeny of damage by disease and insect, the konjaku provenance can also constantly be provided, make every year that the commodity taro can be provided, shortened the time that provides of commodity taros.
Description of drawings
The plant interplanting distribution map of konjaku root-like stock breeding plant, konjaku kind taro cultivation plant and maize culture plant when Fig. 1 is 1 year.
The plant interplanting distribution map of konjaku root-like stock breeding plant, konjaku kind taro cultivation plant and maize culture plant when Fig. 2 is 1 year.
The plant interplanting distribution map of konjaku root-like stock breeding plant, konjaku kind taro cultivation plant and maize culture plant when Fig. 3 is the 3rd year.
The plant interplanting distribution map of konjaku root-like stock breeding plant, konjaku kind taro cultivation plant and maize culture plant when Fig. 4 is the 4th year.
Among the figure: 1, konjaku kind taro plant or plant nest, 2, konjaku root-like stock breeding plant or plant nest, 3, milpa or plant nest.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1.
2008, the tender agricultural development Co., Ltd in sky, county, Peng River, Chongqing City chose 60 mu of lands for growing field crops and carries out konjaku and interplant the test of crop rotation breeding cultivation fast in Si Ping village, kerria township, Peng River county; After the land for growing field crops cleared up deep ploughing fertilizer, the ridging of turning over, row spacing 105cm, the high 20cm in ridge, furrow width 20cm between the ridge, the long 10m in ridge; Dig and plant nest; Every ridge 4 row; Plurality of rows, its longitudinal pitch are 25cm, and the horizontal spacing pattern does; The nest horizontal spacing of planting of plantation konjaku kind taro and milpa is 25cm, that is: the furrow edge---15cm------25cm------25cm------25cm------15cm---furrow edge of planting nest of planting nest of planting nest of planting nest; Planting the nest horizontal spacing during plantation konjaku root-like stock is 12.5cm, that is: the furrow edge---15cm------12.5cm------12.5cm------12.5cm------12.5cm------12.5cm------12.5cm------15cm---furrow edge of planting nest of planting nest of planting nest of planting nest of planting nest of planting nest of planting nest; Vertically planting nest spacing and interplanting pattern is 25cm, that is: the furrow edge---15cm---konjaku kind taro plant---25cm---konjaku root-like stock plant---25cm---konjaku kind taro plant---25cm---milpa---25cm---konjaku kind taro plant ... Milpa---25cm---konjaku kind taro plant---15cm---furrow edge; Like Fig. 1, harvesting corn is 42.1 tons then, 179.7 tons of commodity taros, and 50.2 tons on root-like stock, is planted 121.2 tons of taros, about 600,000 by about 900,000.The spacing in length and breadth of plantation in 2009 is identical, its interplanting pattern becomes: the furrow edge---konjaku root-like stock plant---konjaku kind taro plant---milpa---konjaku kind taro plant ... Milpa---konjaku kind taro plant---furrow edge; Like Fig. 2, harvesting corn is 42.3 tons then, 181.7 tons of commodity taros, and 51.1 tons on root-like stock, is planted 120.8 tons of taros, about 600,000 by about 890,000.Spacing was identical in length and breadth in 2010, and its interplanting pattern becomes: the furrow edge---konjaku kind taro plant---milpa---konjaku kind taro plant---konjaku root-like stock plant ... Milpa---konjaku kind taro plant---furrow edge; Like Fig. 3, harvesting corn is 41.8 tons then, 181.2 tons of commodity taros, and 50.3 tons on root-like stock, is planted 121.5 tons of taros, about 600,000 by about 910,000.Spacing was identical in length and breadth in 2011, and its interplanting pattern becomes: the furrow edge---milpa---konjaku kind taro plant---konjaku root-like stock plant---konjaku kind taro plant ... Milpa---konjaku kind taro plant---furrow edge; Like Fig. 4, harvesting corn is 42.3 tons then, 179.9 tons of commodity taros, and 51.1 tons on root-like stock, is planted 121.1 tons of taros, about 600,000 by about 900,000.
Embodiment 2.
2008, the tender agricultural development Co., Ltd in sky, county, Peng River, Chongqing City chose 10 mu of lands for growing field crops and carries out konjaku and interplant the test of crop rotation breeding cultivation fast in sub-village, dragon She Zhen ditch, Peng River county; After the land for growing field crops cleared up deep ploughing fertilizer, the ridging of turning over, row spacing 130cm, the high 20cm in ridge, furrow width 30cm between the ridge, the long 15m in ridge; Dig and plant nest; Every ridge 4 row; Plurality of rows, its longitudinal pitch are 30cm, and the horizontal spacing pattern does; The nest horizontal spacing of planting of plantation konjaku kind taro and milpa is 30cm, that is: the furrow edge---20cm------30cm------30cm------30cm------20cm---furrow edge of planting nest of planting nest of planting nest of planting nest; Planting the nest horizontal spacing during plantation konjaku root-like stock is 15cm, that is: the furrow edge---20cm------1.5cm------15cm------15cm------15cm------15cm------15cm------20cm---furrow edge of planting nest of planting nest of planting nest of planting nest of planting nest of planting nest of planting nest; Vertically planting nest spacing and interplanting pattern is 30cm, that is: the furrow edge---20cm---konjaku kind taro plant---30cm---konjaku root-like stock plant---30cm---konjaku kind taro plant---30cm---milpa---30cm---konjaku kind taro plant ... Milpa---30cm---konjaku kind taro plant---20cm---furrow edge; Like Fig. 1, harvesting corn is 7.1 tons then, 30.7 tons of commodity taros, and 9.1 tons on root-like stock, is planted 21.2 tons of taros, about 100,000 by about 130,000.The spacing in length and breadth of plantation in 2009 is identical, its interplanting pattern becomes: the furrow edge---konjaku root-like stock plant---konjaku kind taro plant---milpa---konjaku kind taro plant ... Milpa---konjaku kind taro plant---furrow edge; Like Fig. 2, harvesting corn is 7.13 tons then, 30.2 tons of commodity taros, and 8.8 tons on root-like stock, is planted 20.8 tons of taros, about 100,000 by about 12.8 ten thousand.Spacing was identical in length and breadth in 2010, and its interplanting pattern becomes: the furrow edge---konjaku kind taro plant---milpa---konjaku kind taro plant---konjaku root-like stock plant ... Milpa---konjaku kind taro plant---furrow edge; Like Fig. 3, harvesting corn is 6.9 tons then, 30.7 tons of commodity taros, and 9.13 tons on root-like stock, is planted 21.1 tons of taros, about 100,000 by about 130,000.Spacing was identical in length and breadth in 2011, and its interplanting pattern becomes: the furrow edge---milpa---konjaku kind taro plant---konjaku root-like stock plant---konjaku kind taro plant ... Milpa---konjaku kind taro plant---furrow edge; Like Fig. 4, harvesting corn is 7.2 tons then, 182.3 tons of commodity taros, and 9.0 tons on root-like stock, is planted 21.0 tons of taros, about 100,000 by about 130,000.
Claims (3)
1. konjaku is interplanted the crop rotation mating system fast, comprises the breeding of konjaku root-like stock, the cultivation of konjaku kind taro and maize culture, it is characterized in that the plant interplanting and plants the nest crop rotation.
2. according to the interplanting of the plant under the claim 1: it is characterized in that the interplanting pattern is: with the land for growing field crops ridging of turning over, row spacing 105cm～130cm, the high 20cm in ridge, furrow width 20cm～30cm between the ridge, the long 10m～15m in ridge; With konjaku root-like stock plant, konjaku kind taro plant and milpa interplanting, every ridge is divided into plurality of rows during cultivation, and longitudinal pitch is 25-30cm between every row plant; Every row interplants konjaku root-like stock plant, konjaku kind taro plant and milpa respectively; Horizontal spacing pattern between its plant does; Horizontal space between plants is 25-30cm when plantation konjaku kind taro and milpa, that is:---15cm～20cm---plant---25cm～30cm---plant---25cm～30cm---plant---25cm～30cm---plant---15cm～20cm---furrow edge, furrow edge; Horizontal space between plants is 12.5-15cm during plantation konjaku root-like stock, that is:---15cm～20cm---plant---12.5cm～15cm---plant---12.5cm～15cm---plant---12.5cm～15cm---plant---12.5cm～15cm---plant---12.5cm～15cm---plant---12.5cm～15cm---plant---15cm～20cm---furrow edge, furrow edge; Vertically space between plants and interplanting pattern are: furrow edge---15cm～20cm---konjaku kind taro plant---25cm～30cm---konjaku root-like stock plant---25cm～30cm---konjaku kind taro plant---25cm～30cm---milpa---25cm～30cm---konjaku kind taro plant ... Milpa---25cm～30cm---konjaku kind taro plant---15cm～20cm---furrow edge.
3. according to planting the nest crop rotation under claim 1 or 2; It is characterized in that the crop rotation pattern is: it is konjaku kind taro plant in proper order that 1 year every row plants the plantation of nest; Konjaku root-like stock plant; Konjaku kind taro plant; Milpa ... The plantation that 1 year every row plants nest becomes konjaku root-like stock plant in proper order; Konjaku kind taro plant; Milpa; Konjaku kind taro plant ... The plantation that the 3rd year every row plants nest becomes konjaku kind taro plant in proper order; Milpa; Konjaku kind taro plant; Konjaku root-like stock plant ... The plantation that the 4th year every row plants nest becomes milpa in proper order; Konjaku kind taro plant; Konjaku root-like stock plant; Konjaku kind taro plant ..., so circulation; The nest of planting of promptly 1 year plantation konjaku kind taro plant was planted konjaku root-like stock plant in 1 year; The nest of planting of 1 year plantation konjaku root-like stock plant directly became plantation konjaku kind taro plant in 1 year; That planted konjaku kind taro plant in 1 year plants nest 1 year maize planting plant; The nest of planting of 1 year maize planting plant was planted konjaku kind taro plant, annual later on so circulation in 1 year.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103430732A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-12-11 | 湖北顺溪生物食品有限公司 | Konjak interplanting crop-rotation cultivation method |
| CN106717870A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-31 | 沈春媛 | A kind of implantation methods of the rich manganese cowpea of Lipu taro interplanting |
| CN111201977A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-29 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Cultivation method for preventing and controlling soft rot of konjak |
-
2012
- 2012-04-19 CN CN2012101159798A patent/CN102640636A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103430732A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-12-11 | 湖北顺溪生物食品有限公司 | Konjak interplanting crop-rotation cultivation method |
| CN106717870A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-31 | 沈春媛 | A kind of implantation methods of the rich manganese cowpea of Lipu taro interplanting |
| CN111201977A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-29 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Cultivation method for preventing and controlling soft rot of konjak |
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Application publication date: 20120822 |