CN102622785B - Method for realizing electronic fee collection on multilane free flow by one-dimension phased array antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for realizing an electronic fee collection on a multilane free flow by a one-dimension phased array antenna, which comprises that step 1: vehicle detection and electronic fee collection transaction, step 2: vehicle position matching and validity verification, and step 3: background data treatment. In step 1, an uplink signal is received and scanned by a vehicle-road communication and electronic tag positioning sub-system with an one-dimension linear array radiation unit of an antenna, an angular offset of the vehicle electronic tag relative to the antenna is detected, the position of the vehicle electronic tag is calculated, a contour of the vehicle is detected by the vehicle detection and positioning sub-system, information on time and position of the vehicle passes a station is provided, and a picture snapping is triggered; and the picture snapping of the vehicle and a number plate identification are carried out by a picture snapping and number plate identification sub-system. In step 2, the positions of the vehicle electronic tag and the vehicle are matched by a lane logic coordination controlling system to find legal and illegal vehicles. In step 3, subsequent treatments are carried out on the result of positions matching in step 2, and the results of the electronic fee collection transaction without vehicles stop, the picture snapping of vehicles and the number plate identification by a background data treatment system.

Description

Utilize One-dimension Phased Array antenna to realize the method for multilane Free-flow electronic charging

Technical field

The present invention relates to intelligent transportation system (Intelligent Transport System, be called for short: ITS) field, relate to multilane Free-flow electronic toll method, particularly a kind of multilane Free-flow electronic toll method based on One-dimension Phased Array antenna location.

Background technology

Along with highway mileage open to traffic constantly increases, the continuous progress of toll collection technique, a lot of provinces and cities of China have all built highway electric non-stop toll (Electronic Toll Collection is called for short ETC) system.Existing highway electric Fare Collection System adopts bicycle road pattern, and the vehicle that vehicle carried electronic label is installed need to enter the track of appointment, take low speed (highway ETC track speed limit is as 20km/h at present), passes through ETC track; For the illegal vehicle that enters ETC track, track railing is tackled automatically, by manual intervention processing.

ETC system is by the mode of radio communication, to realize charging transaction by ETC antenna and vehicle carried electronic label, communication protocol adopts Dedicated Short Range Communications, (Dedicated Short Range Communication, be called for short DSRC) agreement, its processing procedure is: ETC antenna (Road Side Unit, be called for short RSU) the descending BST of periodic transmission (Beacon Service Table, beacon service table) signal, vehicle carried electronic label (or board units is installed, On-Board Unit, be called for short OBU) vehicle while sailing ETC area of charge into, receive BST signal, return to VST (Vehicle Service Table, vehicle service table) signal.In VST signal, include MAC (Media Access Control, media interviews control) address, sequence number and other information of vehicle carried electronic label, wherein the MAC Address of vehicle carried electronic label is the main identification code of itself and antenna communication.Antenna is received after up DSRC Frame, with its MAC Address, is distinguished different vehicle carried electronic labels; Antenna is issued the downlink data frame of different vehicle carried electronic labels, all the proprietary link identification take the MAC Address of target vehicle carried electronic label as downlink frame.Vehicle carried electronic label receives only the downlink data frame that proprietary link identification is identical with the MAC Address of oneself.After antenna is received VST signal, be first encrypted authentication with vehicle carried electronic label, the object of authentication is to distinguish whether vehicle has installed the vehicle carried electronic label of legal registration, authentication by after carry out ETC charge transaction.After ETC transaction communications finishes, antenna transmission END instruction, then continues the periodic descending BST signal of transmitting, waits for sailing into of follow-up vehicle.Existing ETC antenna has the structure of transceiver, also has the structure of emitting antenna and receiving antenna split, but emitting antenna and receiving antenna do not possess vehicle location function.Although the relatively traditional manual toll collection of E-payment system of bicycle road pattern has very large technical progress, improved lane capacity, reduced the service time of paying dues, played the effect of energy-saving and emission-reduction, but still exist, civil engineering costs is higher, the speed that is open to traffic is relatively low, illegal vehicle needs the inconvenience such as on-the-spot artificial treatment.In order to adapt to highway and urban road barrier free accessibility and charge, a kind of technology that is called as multilane Free-flow electronic toll system is suggested.

The electronic charging of multilane Free-flow refers at toll station there is no track isolation facility, toll facility is erected on the portal frame of top, track, by the mode of radio communication, complete charge transaction with the vehicle carried electronic label of installing on the vehicle that misses the stop, vehicle can be according to the normal speed of a motor vehicle (0-160km/h), (comprise by track, He Bian track, standdle carrier road) and pass through toll station in any way.A gordian technique difficult problem in multilane Free-flow E-payment system is, owing to there being the vehicle of not installing or illegally install vehicle carried electronic label, except the vehicle of normal mounting electronic tag is carried out automatic charging, also require to illegal vehicle can carry out scene automatically debate not Qu Zheng, the accurate detection that key problem is vehicle location.At present, this is still the technical barrier that needs solution in multilane Free-flow electronic charging application.

Summary of the invention

For solving above-mentioned technical barrier, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing One-dimension Phased Array antenna to realize the electronic charging of multilane Free-flow, the method can be carried out automatic charging to the vehicle of normal installation car live subtab, can also carry out automatic identification evidence obtaining to illegal vehicle.

For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:

Utilize One-dimension Phased Array antenna to realize a method for multilane Free-flow electronic charging, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

Step 1: vehicle detection and electronic charging transaction,

Bus or train route communication is passed through the periodic downgoing signal of antenna transmission with electronic tag positioning subsystem, if enter on the vehicle of communication zone vehicle carried electronic label be not installed, antenna reception is less than the information of this vehicle, bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem are without this vehicle process charge station information

If enter on the vehicle of communication zone vehicle carried electronic label be installed, vehicle carried electronic label is waken up by downgoing signal, return to upward signal, bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem are received after upward signal, and the legitimacy of vehicle carried electronic label is verified:

If vehicle carried electronic label is illegal vehicle carried electronic label, bus or train route communication is no longer communicated by letter with vehicle carried electronic label with electronic tag positioning subsystem, if the vehicle carried electronic label that vehicle carried electronic label is legal registration, bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem continue to communicate with vehicle carried electronic label, complete electric non-stop toll transaction

No matter whether vehicle carried electronic label is legal, bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem all utilize the one dimension straight line phased array radiating element of antenna to carry out angle scanning to the upward signal that comes from vehicle carried electronic label, detect the deviation angle of vehicle carried electronic label with respect to antenna

Then bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem according to vehicle carried electronic label the deviation angle with respect to different antennae, calculate the position of vehicle carried electronic label, by the positional information of vehicle carried electronic label, electronic charging transaction results and export to track logic coordinating control system positioning time;

In above-mentioned bus or train route communication and the work of electronic tag positioning subsystem, whether vehicle detection and positioning subsystem are detected and are had vehicle to enter surveyed area by wagon detector, when there being vehicle to enter after surveyed area, vehicle detection and positioning subsystem are captured enabling signal to the output of track logic coordinating control system immediately, wagon detector calculates vehicle location and vehicle according to testing result simultaneously, then, vehicle detection and positioning subsystem are exported to track logic coordinating control system by vehicle location, process charge station's time and vehicle information;

The candid photograph enabling signal that track logic coordinating control system provides according to vehicle detection and positioning subsystem, the video camera that triggers video capture and car plate recognition subsystem relevant position carries out vehicle image candid photograph, the driving board of going forward side by side is identified automatically, and video capture and car plate recognition subsystem are exported to track logic coordinating control system by candid photograph image, license plate recognition result and candid photograph time;

Step 2: vehicle location coupling and legitimate verification,

The vehicle location that vehicle carried electronic label position bus or train route communication being provided with electronic tag positioning subsystem by track logic coordinating control system and vehicle detection provide with positioning subsystem mates:

If within the time period of setting, the vehicle location that vehicle detection detects with positioning subsystem is communicated by letter the vehicle carried electronic label position that detects with electronic tag positioning subsystem in set distance range with bus or train route, and vehicle carried electronic label is legal vehicle carried electronic label, think that this vehicle is legal vehicle

If within the time period of setting, the vehicle location that vehicle detection detects with positioning subsystem is communicated by letter the vehicle carried electronic label position that detects with electronic tag positioning subsystem in set distance range with bus or train route, but vehicle carried electronic label is illegal vehicle carried electronic label, think that this vehicle is the vehicle that electronic tag is illegally installed

If within the time period of setting, vehicle detection and positioning subsystem have detected that vehicle passes through, but bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem do not detect vehicle carried electronic label, think that this vehicle is the vehicle that vehicle carried electronic label is not installed,

Step 3: back-end data processing,

Track logic coordinating control system is by the position matching result in step 2, and electric non-stop toll transaction results, vehicle image are captured with license plate recognition result and be uploaded to back-end data disposal system, carry out subsequent treatment.

The time period of described setting is 100 milliseconds, and the set distance range of described vehicle is 1 meter.

Described antenna consists of phased array antenna, and this antenna has reception and emission function, and antenna is arranged on portal frame, and portal frame transverse strands is located at road top, and the radiating element of antenna is arranged by linear fashion, and orientation is parallel with portal frame.

Described antenna consists of directional transmitting antenna and phased array receiving antenna.

For realizing the equipment that said method adopts, comprise: the bus or train route communication take phased array antenna as core cell and electronic tag positioning subsystem, the vehicle detection take wagon detector as core cell and positioning subsystem, the video capture take video camera as core cell and car plate recognition subsystem, the track logic coordinating control system take computing machine as core cell, have corresponding control module and data processing unit in each system.

Innovation of the present invention is:

The upward signal that adopts One-dimension Phased Array antenna reception vehicle carried electronic label to return, acquisition vehicle carried electronic label is the deviation angle at horizontal direction with respect to phased array antenna, and according to triangle formula, calculate the position coordinates of vehicle carried electronic label, adopt wagon detector to detect vehicle traffic information, no matter whether vehicle is provided with vehicle carried electronic label, as long as vehicle is through toll station, the traffic information of vehicle, be that vehicle all can be detected by wagon detector through the positional information of toll station, and captured by candid photograph equipment.The positional information of above-mentioned traffic information, vehicle carried electronic label, electric non-stop toll information are all submitted to track logic coordinating control system, by the position to vehicle carried electronic label and vehicle location, mate, realize the differentiation to normal vehicle and illegal vehicle.

The present invention's tool compared with traditional charging method has the following advantages:

The system equipment of toll station of the present invention is arranged on the portal frame above road or trackside, the facility of the unrestricted vehicle pass-through in road surface, as railing, toll island etc., charge inspection operation is carried out automatically, without manually on duty, vehicle has free passage at toll station place, travel and there is no difference with ordinary road, therefore its traffic capacity is identical with Ordinary Rd, be much higher than the traffic capacity of traditional toll station, the crowded queuing problem that can solve the electronic charging website appearance of bicycle road pattern, can also economize the land resource, and reduces relevant civil engineering costs.

The system that realizes this method is comprised of multiple subsystems: bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem, vehicle detection and positioning subsystem, video capture and car plate recognition subsystem, track logic coordinating control subsystem and back-end data processing subsystem.Core of the present invention is electronic tag location technology, by phased array antenna, at diverse location, receive the upward signal that vehicle carried electronic label returns, detect the angular deflection amount of vehicle carried electronic label with respect to phased array antenna, and select corresponding triangle formula, calculate the position at vehicle carried electronic label place, and the vehicle location detecting with wagon detector mates, realize the differentiation to normal vehicle and illegal vehicle.Rapid scanning orientation and the multiple target tracking ability of phased array antenna contribute to Free-flow system accuracy and reliability.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the toll station schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention one.

Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is the sensing range schematic diagram of three phased array antenna.

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of phased array antenna angle scanning.

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of vehicle carried electronic label with respect to phased array antenna the first position relationship.

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram calculation of position relationship shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of vehicle carried electronic label with respect to phased array antenna the second position relationship.

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram calculation of position relationship shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of vehicle carried electronic label with respect to the third position relationship of phased array antenna.

Figure 10 is the schematic diagram calculation of position relationship shown in Fig. 9.

Figure 11 is vehicle location detection figure.

Figure 12 is vehicle carried electronic label position probing figure.

Figure 13 is the toll station schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention two.

Embodiment

The present invention is a kind of method of utilizing One-dimension Phased Array antenna to realize the electronic charging of multilane Free-flow, and three portal frames before, during and after the toll station of realizing the method comprises are erected at road top, and corresponding equipment is installed on portal frame;

This charging method can be to completing charge transaction by this website and vehicle that legal vehicle carried electronic label is installed; Illegal vehicle by this website is carried out to vehicle and license plate image candid photograph, and automatically identify license plate number information; The traffic information of vehicle of missing the stop and Transaction Information upload to back-end data disposal system and do further processing.

Below the technical scheme of this method is described in detail.

The present invention is example explanation take the unidirectional three vehicle line toll stations of standard, and Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 have provided respectively schematic three dimensional views and the vertical view of Free-flow charge station, and wherein single lane width is 3.75 meters, and three track spans are 11.25 meters.Portal frame 1,2,3 before, during and after charge station establishes frame and has, portal frame 1,2,3 clear height are greater than 5.5 meters, do not affect the normal current of road vehicles.On three-line pavement, having five cars, is respectively vehicle V1, V2, V3, V4, V5.Wherein on vehicle V1, vehicle carried electronic label is not installed, on vehicle V2, V3, V4, V5, is separately installed with vehicle carried electronic label OBU2, OBU3, OBU4, OBU5.

The chief component system at charge station place has: the bus or train route communication take phased array antenna as core cell and electronic tag positioning subsystem, and major function is to communicate by letter with vehicle carried electronic label, completes charge transaction, carries out the location of vehicle carried electronic label simultaneously; Vehicle detection take wagon detector as core cell and positioning subsystem, major function is to detect the vehicle of portal frame below, place, vehicle position information is provided, and scans vehicle ' s contour, carries out vehicle classification; Video capture take video camera as core cell and car plate recognition subsystem, major function is to carry out vehicle image to capture and the automatic identifying operation of car plate; Track logic coordinating control system take computing machine as core cell, also referred to as driveway controller, is main system, and it is responsible for collection, processes the output information of above-mentioned correlation subsystem, completes the processes such as on-the-spot charge transaction, evidence obtaining and illegal vehicle identification.Track logic coordinating control system is crossed Internet Transmission to background data base system by transaction data and the vehicle information exchange that misses the stop.Meanwhile, this system is responsible for the duty of the above each subsystem of monitoring.In each system, there are corresponding control module and data processing unit.

Wherein: the control module of bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem is arranged in control box 4, the control module of vehicle detection and positioning subsystem is arranged in control box 5, the control module of video capture and car plate recognition subsystem is arranged in control box 6, the control of track logic coordinating control system and computing unit are arranged in the other equipment box 7 of portal frame, the control module of above-mentioned each system also can be concentrated near the equipment box 7 being placed on portal frame, by connecting line as netting twine, Serial Port Line etc. and above-mentioned kernal hardware equipment connection.

In the present embodiment, portal frame height is 8 meters of 6 meters, spacing, phased array antenna has three, totally 16 of candid cameras, wagon detector to have three, please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the installation site of each equipment is as follows: three phased array antenna A1, A2, A3 and eight front-seat candid camera C1 are arranged on front-seat portal frame 1, and the installation site of three phased array antenna A1, A2, A3 is respectively 2.8 meters, 5.6 meters, 8.4 meters apart from left side, track sideline b.Three phased array antenna A1, A2, A3 consist of One-dimension Phased Array antenna, and detection frequency range is 5.8GHz;

Eight front-seat candid camera C1 are used for capturing front part of vehicle image, comprise front car plate; Three wagon detector L1, L2, L3 are arranged on middle row's portal frame 2; After eight, arrange candid camera C3 and be arranged on rear row's portal frame 3, for capturing vehicle rear image, comprise rear car plate.

Above-mentioned portal frame layout type and equipment installation site, object is to guarantee the groundwork region for Free-flow Fare Collection System under middle row's portal frame at wagon detector place, vehicle through in while arranging under portal frame, each subsystem carries out position probing, data communication and video capture operation to vehicle simultaneously, by track logic coordinating control system, the result of each subsystem is gathered and further processes.

It is below the principle of work of each subsystem.

Vehicle detection and positioning subsystem can adopt the technology such as laser curtain wall, video detection, echelette to realize.At this, adopt laser curtain wall scheme to be described.

When vehicle detection and positioning subsystem (laser curtain wall system) pass through laser beam curtain wall to vehicle, the time of folded light beam is added up.Vehicle detection and positioning subsystem, take generating laser, receiver as core, configure photoelectric conversion unit and host computer, and generating laser is the round-the-clock Emission Lasers pulsating wave of direction earthward, and scans in a section, form laser curtain wall.Laser pickoff receives ground or vehicle reflects laser pulse ripple, and converts electric signal to through photoelectric conversion unit, flows to industrial computer No. two.While not having vehicle to enter surveyed area, the laser pulse ripple that laser pickoff receives is all returned by ground return; When there being vehicle to enter surveyed area, during through laser beam curtain wall, in this period of time that vehicle front enters, rear end is left, ground return is different with the energy of the laser of vehicle reflection.Laser vehicle detector carries out filtering, amplification, analog-to-digital conversion process to photosignal, again by high-speed digital signal processor (DSP), digitized photosignal is carried out to Fourier Tranform, the information of time domain is converted to the information of frequency domain, by the information of frequency domain is carried out to energy spectrum analysis, can calculate the length of vehicle, highly, width, obtain contour of the vehicle profile, and automatically divide type of vehicle according to contour of the vehicle profile, this process is known mature technology, therefore no longer repeated.

In order to realize the detection and location of all vehicles of whole track section, vehicle detection and positioning subsystem can comprise many wagon detectors.The present embodiment is three vehicle line toll stations, and three wagon detector L1, L2, L3 have been installed altogether, and the top of each track center line is installed one.The laser beam of wagon detector L1, L2, L3 transmitting forms curtain wall one, and the curtain wall mutual that three wagon detectors form is overlapping, to guarantee to detect exactly, rides the vehicle that line travels.If there is vehicle to enter surveyed area, during through laser beam curtain wall, in this period of time that vehicle front enters, rear end is left, laser beam is encountered after vehicle, portion of energy is returned, when laser pickoff is received return laser light ripple, the control module of vehicle detection and positioning subsystem according to backward energy calculate enter the length of its surveyed area vehicle, highly, width coordinate, and automatically divide type of vehicle according to contour of the vehicle profile.Vehicle detection and positioning subsystem be testing result, comprises vehicle location, vehicle and the temporal information of missing the stop is uploaded to track logic coordinating control system in the lump.

Video capture and car plate recognition subsystem mainly carry out the operations such as video capture and car plate identification.Candid photograph equipment adopts high-definition camera, and the image after candid photograph is processed and character recognition (OCR) technology through image, obtains the information such as car plate color and number.The video capture time is by track logic coordinating control system control, and the vehicle input signal that track logic coordinating control system detects according to vehicle detection and positioning subsystem determines the triggered time, triggers corresponding video camera and captures vehicle image.Near during candid photograph, vehicle is positioned under wagon detector.Video capture and car plate recognition subsystem are uploaded to track logic coordinating control system by the vehicle image of candid photograph, license plate recognition result and candid photograph time.

Vehicle positioning technology based on wagon detector is comparatively ripe, but vehicle carried electronic label accurately there is no mature technology in location, and therefore key of the present invention is to solve vehicle carried electronic label orientation problem.

Before carrying out principle explanation, first define the direction at Free-flow toll station of the present invention place: when describing Free-flow charge station system, take the headstock direction of driving vehicle as front, the tailstock is rear; When phased array antenna A1, A2, A3 carry out detection computations to vehicle carried electronic label position, take the front-seat portal frame 1 at phased array antenna place as benchmark, three-dimensional system of coordinate is defined as: direction of traffic is X-axis, and be that under front-seat portal frame 1, X-axis forward is contrary with direction of traffic zero point; Straight line under front-seat portal frame 1 is Y-axis, and vertical with direction of traffic, be the leftmost side, track zero point, get to the right on the occasion of; Direction perpendicular to the ground is Z axis, and be road surface, place, track zero point, upwards get on the occasion of.The coordinate system that defines as shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 7, Fig. 9.

The communication zone vertical view of the unidirectional three track Free-flow Fare Collection Systems shown in Fig. 1 as shown in Figure 3, wherein G is the length of ETC transaction communications region at direction of traffic, be about 3-4 rice, the center line that communication zone is vertical with vehicle heading is the datum line K that car plate is captured, and is middle row's portal frame 2 at wagon detector place directly over datum line K.J is the radiating surface of phased array antenna A2.In Fig. 3, phased array antenna A1, A3 are identical with the radiating surface width of phased array antenna A2, and only communication zone is variant due to the difference of installation site, three antenna covers the efficient communication region of whole track section.

Most of vehicle completes ETC transaction all capture datum line K in antenna communication region near, and antenna scanning is less to the X-axis numerical value difference of vehicle carried electronic label; Vehicle carried electronic label is that Z coordinate figure is relatively-stationary with respect to the height number on ground; And Y-axis coordinate figure, vehicle is with respect to the lateral excursion in sideline, track, at synchronization, two side by side the Y-axis distance of the vehicle carried electronic label on the adjacent vehicle travelling be greater than 2 meters, have obvious difference, therefore, Y-axis coordinate figure is the main parameter of vehicle carried electronic label location.In the present invention, the Y-axis numerical value of vehicle carried electronic label is gone out by one dimension straight line phased array antenna detection computations.

Phased array antenna A1, A2 in the present invention, A3 are directional antenna, and in order to guarantee the control to communication zone, antenna has certain angle of declination while installing, guarantee vehicle carried electronic label communication efficiency the best when communication zone G.

Phased array antenna is comprised of multiple radiating elements (also claiming array element), and the target detection ability of phased array antenna depends on the arrangement mode of antenna radiation unit.In the present invention, the radiating element of phased array antenna A1, A2, A3 adopts one dimension linear array, and each radiating element is arranged along Y direction, with detect vehicle carried electronic label with respect to antenna the deviation angle in Y direction.

In actual radio frequency electric device is realized, be subject to the impact of electron device manufacture craft, the outward appearance of phased array antenna has various ways, the outward appearance of some phased array antenna can be found out the arrangement mode of each radiating element, the outward appearance of some phased array antenna can not be found out the arrangement mode of each radiating element, for example, when antenna adopts split production technology, from finding out in appearance the arrangement mode of each radiating element, and while adopting integral production technique, all radiating elements are all integrated on a radiant panel, from finding out in appearance, it is a rectangular flat, no matter which kind of appearance forrns, as long as the radiating element of this phased array antenna is by one dimension line spread, this phased array antenna just can be used in the present invention.

The input principle of one dimension straight line phased array antenna is described below.Refer to Fig. 4, as an example of phased array antenna A1 example, describe, one dimension straight line phased array antenna A1 is comprised of N radiating element, N=6 in the present embodiment, each radiating element r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, the equidistant mode of r6 are arranged in line, the spacing of each radiating element is d, is connected to a controlled phase shifter after each radiating element, and phase shifter is by changing the phase difference between phased array antenna A1 six radiating element r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, r6

, the beam position of control phased array antenna A1.Phase difference between each radiating element

during variation, the beam position of phased array antenna A1 also changes thereupon.The beam position of phased array antenna A1 refers to the direction of antenna emission maximum/received power.

In the θ direction with respect to phased array antenna A1 normal (perpendicular to array direction), having point target signal source, a far field is vehicle carried electronic label, and the upward signal that vehicle carried electronic label sends arrives the phase difference Ψ that progressive error Δ x=d × sin θ of adjacent array element (as array element r1 and r2) causes and can be expressed as:

$\mathrm{\Δ\Ψ}=\frac{2\mathrm{\π}}{\mathrm{\λ}}d\×\sin \mathrm{\θ}---\left(1\right)$

Wherein d is the distance between adjacent radiation unit, and f is wireless signal frequency (in the present invention, carrier wave is in 5.8GHz frequency range), and λ is signal wavelength, and computing formula is:

$\mathrm{\λ}=\frac{c}{f}---\left(2\right)$

Wherein c is the light velocity, and numerical value is 3 × 10 ⁸meter per second.If the exciting current amplitude of k array element of linear array is a _k, take the phase place of No. 1 array element r1 as benchmark, the phase differential that adjacent two array elements are set by phase shifter is

the signal phasor sum of the far field point signal source that the above-mentioned deviation angle that phased array antenna A1 receives is θ can be expressed as:

Wherein

θ _dcontrol module by phased array antenna A1 is set.If the each array element constant amplitude of antenna feed, each array element normalization excitation amplitude is a _k=1/N.Utilize geometric progression formula, the normalization of formula (3) reception signal strength can be expressed as

$E\left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)=\frac{1}{N}\&times;\frac{1-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="e\; j"\; filenames="HDA0000148368210000021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">e</figure-callout>}}^j}{1-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="e\; j"\; filenames="HDA0000148368210000021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">e</figure-callout>}}^j}---\left(4\right)$

By Euler's formula, above formula can be changed into

$E\left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)=\frac{1}{N}\&times;\frac{\sin \frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}\mathrm{Nd}(\sin \mathrm{\&theta;}-\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_d)}{\sin \frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}d(\sin \mathrm{\&theta;}-\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_d)}---\left(5\right)$

If

be worth littlely, above formula can be approximately

$E\left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)=\frac{\sin \frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}\mathrm{Nd}(\sin \mathrm{\&theta;}-\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_d)}{\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}\mathrm{Nd}(\sin \mathrm{\&theta;}-\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_d)}---\left(6\right)$

As sin θ-sin θ _d=0 o'clock, formula (6) was got maximal value.

θ _dbe the beam position of phased array antenna A1, also claim scanning angle.Phased array antenna A1 controls phase shifter parameter, and the phase differential of adjusting each radiating element is realized the scanning of different angles.Work as θ _d=θ, when antenna scan angle and target incident angle equate, phased array antenna A1 has maximum transmitting/receiving gain.

From formula (3), can find out, by changing the phase differential between the each radiating element of phased array antenna

just can control the maximum beam position of phased array antenna, the transmitting/receiving gain that realizes specific direction maximizes, the ultimate principle of phase array antenna beam scanning that Here it is.

In actual product application, the beam scanning of phased array antenna is electric scanning mode, forms (Digital Beam Forming is called for short DBF) technology realize by digital beam.This technology is that the mode that phased array antenna is carried out to digital sample weighted sum to the reception signal of each radiating element realizes wave beam formation.DBF technology is based on digital signal processing theory, has the advantages such as fast response time, high data sampling rate, many batches of target followings, controlling antenna wave beam to point variation fast, time domain and frequency domains conversions are flexible, can within the delicate time period, realize switched-beam.Adopt after data-signal treatment technology, the processing speed of microwave signal depends primarily on the ability of electron device and microprocessor.

The present invention utilizes the controlled feature of the scanning angle of phased array antenna, the upward signal of affiliated communication zone is carried out to angle detection, the up DSRC signal power value of returning according to vehicle carried electronic label, judge the deviation angle of vehicle carried electronic label with respect to phased array antenna, then select corresponding formula to calculate the position of vehicle carried electronic label.Vehicle carried electronic label position probing and Computing Principle are the present invention's core content, are described below: phased array antenna A1, A2, A3 change the phase differential between radiating element by digital phase shifter separately , the upward signal of affiliated communication zone is carried out to angle detection.

Phased array antenna sweep limit is the covering of the fan take antenna geometrical center as initial point, symmetrical centered by antenna normal direction (being antenna dead ahead), scanning angle sign symbol is defined as: towards vehicle, take antenna normal direction as 0 °, skew is left negative value, to the right skew on the occasion of, establishing antenna scanning scope is 60 °, scanning angle scope of statistics is-30 °～30 °.The corresponding received signal power value of each scanning angle.When scanning angle step-length is 0.5 while spending, there are 121 sampling angles a scan period, a corresponding upward signal (DSRC signal) the received power sampled value of each sampling angle.

When not having vehicle to sail into, the reception signal of phased array antenna A1 is noise signal, and 121 DSRC signal received power sampled value differences are less.When having the vehicle of vehicle carried electronic label to sail antenna communication region into, vehicle carried electronic label returns to upward signal, the signal received power sampled value of the corresponding scanning angle of this upward signal incident angle, higher than near other upward signal received power sampled value this angle, forms a received power sampled peak.

The determination methods of received power sampled peak: for k sampling angle, first add up the scan power sampled value of the adjacent angular interval centered by this point, for example scope of statistics is made as 10 degree, needs to add up 21 continuous power samples values of angle.If the received power sampled value of i angle is p _i, first calculate partial power's average statistical of k sampling angle, computing formula is:

$P_{\mathrm{ave}}\left(k\right)=\frac{1}{21}\underset{i=k-10}{\overset{i=k+10}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{p}_i---\left(7\right)$

If P _ave(k)/p _k< 0.6, and p _k=max{p _k-2, p _k-1, p _k, p _k+1, p _k+2time, k sampled point is received power sampled peak (partial power's maximal value).While adopting formula (7) to calculate, for the sampled point at scanning covering of the fan edge, available sampling is put a less side and is carried out equal Data-Statistics according to actual quantity.As the sampled points of-29 ° (k=2), computing formula is

In ETC transaction, the uplink baseband transfer rate of DSRC Frame is 512kHz, and the signal period of every bit is 2 microsecond left and right, is about 1～2 millisecond during single DSRC uplink data frames.Within the DSRC of the 1-2 millisecond uplink data frames transmission time, vehicle in the displacement of direction of traffic less than 0.05 meter (speed of a motor vehicle below 120,000 ms/h time), transversal displacement is less, and therefore only need to detect a uplink data frames can realize the accurate location to vehicle carried electronic label.Phased array antenna adopts electron scanning mode, and the scan period (completing the time of a full angle input) can reach Microsecond grade, even can realize the real time scan of DSRC signal bit DBMS is detected.

In a scan period, when the scanning angle of phased array antenna overlaps with vehicle carried electronic label position, phased array antenna receives a upward signal power peak.If within an angle scanning cycle, there are multiple vehicle carried electronic labels to return to upward signal simultaneously, there will be multiple received power peak values, the corresponding scanning angle of each received power peak value has represented the position of different vehicle carried electronic labels.MAC Address in the up DSRC signal of the different angles that phased array antenna is received by parsing is identified different electronic tags.

The time of typical case's Free-flow charge transaction is 30-50 millisecond.Once, in transaction, vehicle carried electronic label can send uplink data frames 3-5 time.Enter the vehicle of phased array antenna communication zone, the vehicle carried electronic label of installing on vehicle can send multiple uplink data frames, the reference signal that phased array antenna is generally located as this electronic tag take the Frame of receiving first.The data processing unit record of phased array antenna and the scanning result of processing antenna.If antenna scanning result is with 1 millisecond for the unit of record, a uplink data frames (1-2 millisecond) of a vehicle carried electronic label can generate 1-2 record.If the MAC Address of vehicle carried electronic label OBU1 is 01000001, in continuous 5 milliseconds, the scanning result of phased array antenna as shown in Table 1.Form 1:

In upper table, the upstream data of OBU1 generates a record in the data processing unit of phased array antenna, and this result is as the testing result of OBU1.For 1 above detection record, as shown in Table 2, form 2:

The OBU2 that wherein MAC Address is 09000002 generates 2 continuous records in the data processing unit in phased array antenna in uplink data frames, the received power sampled peak of twice record and scanning angle can be done on average, as the testing result of this electronic tag, the fetch data initial time of frame of time, i.e. 09:00:01:576.

The data processing unit of each phased array antenna is preserved above-mentioned testing result with the form of form 3, storage content comprises: the sampled peak of upward signal received power, corresponding antenna scan angle, the MAC Address of vehicle carried electronic label, sampling time of this sampled peak, these 4 parameters generate a testing result one to one.

Form 3: the detection record file layout of phased array antenna

The data processing unit of phased array antenna is by the every detection record in form 3, and ETC charge transaction results offers bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem.

Bus or train route communication is mated the detection record of the different phased array antenna on front-seat portal frame 1 from the data processing unit of vehicle carried electronic label positioning subsystem.Each phased array antenna is parallel to work alone, at this, if the phased array antenna of same track section is strict synchronous, if two or above phased array antenna detect the uplink data frames that same vehicle carried electronic label returns, can carry out vehicle carried electronic label position calculation according to the detection record of these two phased array antenna.If vehicle carried electronic label is detected by 3 or above phased array antenna, selects record data corresponding to two received power sampled peak maximum in detection record table to carry out vehicle carried electronic label position calculation.

The position of vehicle carried electronic label is represented by its X, Y, Z three-dimensional coordinate.The Y-axis coordinate of vehicle carried electronic label equals the Y-axis coordinate figure of the vertical point of vehicle carried electronic label on the front-seat portal frame 1 at phased array antenna place.Antenna detection result has three kinds of situations:

The first situation is: on front-seat portal frame 1 vertical o'clock of vehicle carried electronic label is between two phased array antenna, and two phased array antenna detect that the symbol of angle value of this vehicle carried electronic label is contrary;

The second situation is: the vertical point of vehicle carried electronic label on front-seat portal frame 1 is positioned at the homonymy of two phased array antenna, and two phased array antenna detect the symbol identical (be just all or be all negative) of the angle value of this vehicle carried electronic label;

The third situation is: the vertical point of vehicle carried electronic label on front-seat portal frame 1 overlaps with one of them phased array antenna position, and the detection angles value of this phased array antenna is 0.

Vehicle detection and the data processing unit of positioning subsystem detect the above-mentioned three kinds of situations of symbol decision of the deviation angle of same vehicle carried electronic label (MAC Address is identical) according to two phased array antenna.Provide the computing formula of these three kinds of situations below.

The first situation please refer to the actual scene of Fig. 5 and the calculating schematic diagram of Fig. 6, establishes vehicle carried electronic label OBU2 and is detected within the time period of setting by phased array antenna A1 and A2.The position at phased array antenna A1, A2 and vehicle carried electronic label OBU2 place represents with some P, a Q, R respectively, and T point is the vertical point of R point on PQ line, between a P, Q.

Please refer to Fig. 6, phased array antenna A1 detects that the angle of OBU2 is θ ₁, phased array antenna A2 detects that the angle of OBU2 is θ ₂, the definition according to the present invention to phased array antenna scanning angle, the scanning angle θ in Fig. 6 ₁for negative, θ ₂for just.

Among triangle PQR, establish angle α=∠ RPQ and angle β=∠ RQP, have

α＝90-|θ ₁|，β＝90-|θ ₂|，

Make s=PQ, m=PT, n=TQ, w=TR, according to triangle formula, has following formula to set up:

s＝m+n (8)

w＝m·tan(α)＝n·tan(β) (9)

Wherein s and two angle values are known, according to above-mentioned 2 formula, can calculate m and n,

m＝s·tan(β)/[tan(α)+tan(β)] (10)

n＝s-m (11)

The Y coordinate figure that the Y-axis coordinate figure Y (OUB2) of OBU2 is ordered for T, computing formula is Y (OBU2)=Y (A1)+m, wherein Y (A1) is the Y-axis coordinate figure of phased array antenna A1.

Second case please refer to Fig. 8, establishes vehicle carried electronic label OBU5 and is detected within the time period of setting by phased array antenna A2 and A3.The position at phased array antenna A2, A3 and vehicle carried electronic label OBU5 place represents with some P ', Q ', R ' respectively, because vehicle carried electronic label OBU5 is positioned at phased array antenna A2 and A3 the same side, so on front-seat portal frame 1 vertical some T ' of vehicle carried electronic label OBU5, on P ' Q ' extended line, is positioned at the same side of a P ', Q '.

Phased array antenna A2 scanning detects the angle θ of vehicle carried electronic label OBU5 ₂, phased array antenna A3 scanning detects the angle θ of vehicle carried electronic label OBU5 ₃, θ ₂and θ ₃symbol identical.

If angle α '=∠ R ' P ' Q ' and angle β '=∠ R ' Q ' T ', have

α′＝90-|θ ₂|，β′＝90-|θ ₃|，

Make s '=P ' Q ', m '=Q ' T ', w '=R ' T ', now has following formula to set up,

w′＝(s′+m ′)·tan(α′) (12)

w′＝m′·tan(β′) (13)

Wherein s ' and two angle values are known, according to above-mentioned 2 formula, can calculate m ',

m′＝s′·tan(α′)/[tan(β′)-tan(α′)] (14)

The Y-axis coordinate figure Y (OBU5) of OBU5 is the Y coordinate figure of T ', and computing formula is Y (OBU5)=Y (A3)+m ', and wherein Y (A3) is the Y-axis coordinate figure of phased array antenna A3.

The third situation is that to have the scanning angle of a phased array antenna be zero, this situation occurs in vehicle carried electronic label and is just positioned at the normal direction of phased array antenna, please refer to Fig. 9, Figure 10, establish vehicle carried electronic label OBU3 and detected within the time period of setting by phased array antenna A2 and A3.The position at phased array antenna A2, A3 and vehicle carried electronic label OBU3 place is respectively with a some P ", Q ", R " represent,

Because vehicle carried electronic label OBU3 overlaps with phased array antenna A2, so the vertical some T " with some P " of vehicle carried electronic label OBU3 on front-seat portal frame 1 overlaps.Phased array antenna A2 detects that the angle of vehicle carried electronic label OBU3 is 0 degree, and phased array antenna A3 detects that the angle of OBU3 is θ ₃if angle α "=∠ R " P " Q "=90, angle β "=∠ R " Q " P "=90-θ ₃,

Make s "=P " Q ", w "=R " P ", now there is following formula to set up,

w″＝s″·tan(β″) (15)

Y-axis coordinate figure Y (OBU3)=Y (A2) of vehicle carried electronic label OBU3 wherein Y (A2) is the Y-axis coordinate figure of antenna A2.

For above-mentioned three kinds of situations, the Y-axis coordinate figure computing method difference of vehicle carried electronic label, its Z axis and X-axis coordinate figure computing method are identical.

The Z axis coordinate figure of vehicle carried electronic label is mainly determined by its installation site.The installation site of the vehicle carried electronic label of kart is all near rearview mirror, and the installation site of the vehicle carried electronic label of motor bus, in the middle of front window glass, all approaches 1.3 meters, gets 1.3 meters for vehicle carried electronic label height value, h at this ₂=1.3.

The X-axis coordinate figure of vehicle carried electronic label need to be considered the difference in height of label and antenna, " point is the subpoint of vehicle carried electronic label in YZ plane; this subpoint represents with h1 to the height of phased array antenna, and this setting height(from bottom) that highly equals phased array antenna deducts the setting height(from bottom) h2 of vehicle carried electronic label for the L point of Fig. 6, L ' and the L of Figure 10 of Fig. 8.In the present embodiment, the setting height(from bottom) of phased array antenna A1, A2, A3 is 6 meters, h1=6-h2=4.7 rice.Vehicle carried electronic label is at the subpoint of YZ plane, this subpoint in vertical point, the vehicle carried electronic label position of portal frame, and 3 form a vertical guide right-angle triangle, and the X-axis coordinate figure of vehicle carried electronic label can calculate with Pythagorean theorem, specifically:

The X-axis coordinate of vehicle carried electronic label OBU2 is:

$X\left(\mathrm{OBU}2\right)=\sqrt{{\left(w\right)}^2-{4.7}^2}=\mathrm{sqrt}[{\left(w\right)}^2-{4.7}^2]$

The X-axis coordinate of vehicle carried electronic label OBU5 is:

$X\left(\mathrm{OBU}5\right)=\sqrt{{\left(w^{\&prime;}\right)}^2-{4.7}^2}=\mathrm{sqrt}[{\left(w^{\&prime;}\right)}^2-{4.7}^2]$

The X-axis coordinate of vehicle carried electronic label OBU3 is:

$X\left(\mathrm{OBU}3\right)=\sqrt{{\left(w^{\&prime;\&prime;}\right)}^2-{4.7}^2}=\mathrm{sqrt}[{\left(w^{\&prime;\&prime;}\right)}^2-{4.7}^2]$

The data processing unit of bus or train route communication and vehicle carried electronic label positioning system detects the above-mentioned three kinds of situations of symbol decision of the deviation angle of same vehicle carried electronic label according to two phased array antenna, and adopt corresponding computing formula, calculate X-axis and the Y-axis coordinate figure of vehicle carried electronic label.

Track logic coordinating control system is carrying out vehicle location when coupling, and Main Basis is vehicle residing track while crossing middle row's portal frame, more precisely, is the Y-axis coordinate figure of vehicle center point, and this parameter is provided by wagon detector and phased array antenna simultaneously.The vehicle Y-axis coordinate figure that track logic coordinating control system contrast wagon detector and phased array antenna detect and missing the stop the time, if the two vehicle providing misses the stop, the difference of mistiming and Y-axis coordinate figure is all less than the scope of setting, think that the match is successful, the two detects same car, if this vehicle normally completes ETC charge transaction, is legal vehicle; Otherwise,

If the two does not mate, and only have the information of vehicles of wagon detector, and phased array antenna is not received corresponding vehicle carried electronic label information, thinks without vehicle carried electronic label vehicle, or the vehicle carried electronic label of installing is abnormal.

Embodiment 1:

In the present embodiment, bus or train route communication and vehicle carried electronic label positioning system are mainly comprised of the phased array antenna of transceiver, and phased array antenna completes transmitting downgoing signal, receives the upward signal of vehicle carried electronic label, scans and detect the angle of vehicle carried electronic label with respect to antenna.

Step 1: vehicle detection and electronic charging transaction

The descending BST signal of phased array antenna A1, A2, A3 periodic transmission of bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem, when the vehicle that vehicle carried electronic label is installed sails ETC area of charge into, receives BST signal, is waken up, and returns to up VST signal,

After the up VST signal that phased array antenna A1, A2, A3 reception vehicle carried electronic label return, vehicle carried electronic label is carried out to legitimate verification, proof procedure is: antenna issues authorization code, after vehicle carried electronic label is received, according to authorization code, calculate authentication code, and will after data and authentication code packing, with upward signal, return, phased array antenna is resolved upward signal, authentication code is verified, judged that whether vehicle carried electronic label is to carry out electronic non-parking (ETC) charge transaction after the electronic tag of legal registration is verified; If verify unsuccessful, by the information of this OBU and checking by information recording, do not preserve.No matter whether be proved to be successful, phased array antenna A1, A2, A3 carry out angle scanning to upward signal, detect the deviation angle of vehicle carried electronic label with respect to each phased array antenna, bus or train route is communicated by letter from electronic tag positioning subsystem according to the detection record table content of different phased array antenna A1, A2, A3, according to formula (8)-(15), calculate the position of vehicle carried electronic label

The mounting means of one phased array antenna A1, A2, A3 is: the radiating element of each phased array antenna is arranged along the direction parallel with portal frame, and the angle of pitch of phased array antenna is downward-sloping 30.4 degree.The XY coordinate position of three phased array antenna A1, A2, A3 is respectively (0,2.8), (0,5.6) and (0,8.4), and 3 phased array antenna A1, A2, A3 detect 5 vehicles scannings, and scanning result is as form 4:

The scanning result of 4: three phased array antenna of form

According to the scanning result of form 4, the positional information calculation of vehicle carried electronic label OBU2 is as follows:

Two phased array antenna A1, A2 detect that the angle of vehicle carried electronic label OBU2 is:

α=90-2.9=87.1 degree, β=90-13.1=76.9 degree

The Y-axis of phased array antenna A1, A2 is apart from s=2.8, according to formula (8), (9), (10), (11),

M=2.8*tan (76.9 °)/[tan (87.1 °)+tan (76.9 °)]=0.5 meter

W=0.5*tan (87.1 °)=9.9 meters

Y (OBU2)=2.8+0.5=3.3 rice

X (OBU2)=sqrt (9.9 ²-4.7 ²)=8.7 meter

The positional information calculation of vehicle carried electronic label OBU3 is as follows:

Vehicle carried electronic label OBU3 is detected by phased array antenna A1, A2, A3 simultaneously, in the present embodiment, selects phased array antenna A1 and phased array antenna A2 to calculate the position of vehicle carried electronic label OBU3, and these two antenna detection to the angle of vehicle carried electronic label OBU3 are:

α=90-16.2=73.8 degree, β=90-0=90 degree,

The Y-axis of phased array antenna A1, A2, apart from s=2.8 rice, has according to formula (15)

W "=2.8*tan (73.8 °)=9.6 meters

Y (OBU3)=2.8+2.8=5.6 rice,

X (OBU3)=sqrt (9.6 ²-4.7 ²)=8.7 meter

The positional information calculation of vehicle carried electronic label OBU4 is as follows:

Two phased array antenna A2, A3 detect that the angle of vehicle carried electronic label OBU4 is:

α=90-10.7=79.3 degree, β=90-2.4=87.6 degree,

The Y-axis of A2 and A3 is apart from s=2.8 rice, according to formula (8), (9), (10), (11),

M=2.8*tan (87.6 °)/[tan (87.6 °)+tan (79.3 °)]=2.3 meters

W=2.3*tan (79.3 °)=12.2 meters

Y (OBU4)=5.6+2.3=7.9 rice

X (OBU4)=sqrt (12.2 ²-4.7 ²)=11.3 meter

The positional information calculation of vehicle carried electronic label OBU5 is as follows:

Two phased array antenna A2, A3 detect that the angle of vehicle carried electronic label OBU5 is:

α=90-24=64 degree, β=90-10.5=79.5 degree,

The y wheelbase of phased array antenna A2 and A3 is from s=2.8 rice, according to formula (14),

M '=2.8*tan (64 °)/[tan (79.5 °)-tan (64 °)]=1.7 meters

Wi=1.7*tan (79.5 °)=9.2 meters

Y (OBU5)=8.4+1.7=11.1 rice

X (OBU5)=sqrt (9.2 ²-4.7 ²)=7.9 meter

After above-mentioned calculating finishes, the vehicle carried electronic label positioning result that bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem calculate, the coordinate figure of X, Y-axis is as shown in the last column in form 4, and corresponding vehicle carried electronic label position vertical view is as shown in figure 12.

Then, bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem are exported to track logic coordinating control system positioning time by transaction results, vehicle carried electronic label position and electronic tag,

If vehicle carried electronic label is not installed on vehicle, track antenna cannot communicate link connection with vehicle carried electronic label, and bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem are not exported any information of this car to track logic coordinating control system,

Vehicle laser positioning

When bus or train route communication is communicated by letter with electronic tag with electronic tag positioning subsystem, vehicle detection and positioning subsystem be automatic detection vehicle the information of missing the stop also.When there being vehicle to enter after surveyed area, wagon detector detection computations goes out vehicle location and contour of the vehicle profile information, according to contour of the vehicle profile, automatically divide vehicle simultaneously, then wagon detector will be exported to vehicle location, vehicle and positioning time track logic coordinating control system, as shown in Table 5, corresponding vehicle location as shown in figure 11 for the vehicle position information that vehicle detection and positioning subsystem obtain.

Form 5: the positioning result of wagon detector to vehicle location

Vehicle	Vehicle centre-line Y coordinate	Detection time
			Vehicle V1	1.20 rice	09:00:00:562
Vehicle V2	3.10 rice	09:00:00:028
			Vehicle V3	5.20 rice	09:00:01:603
Vehicle V4	7.85 rice	09:00:02:031
			Vehicle V5	11.05 meters	09:00:01:024

Vehicle image is captured

Wagon detector has detected when vehicle sails wagon detector below into, can produce a trigger pip to track logic coordinating control system, the latter is according to the positioning result of wagon detector, it is vehicle centre-line Y coordinate, trigger corresponding video camera and capture the vehicle image of correspondence position, and identify license board information, then candid photograph image, license plate recognition result and candid photograph time are exported to track logic coordinating control system.

In the present embodiment, there are 8 candid cameras that are spacedly distributed.Video capture and car plate recognition subsystem are not checked the legitimacy of vehicle, only make to retain evidence.

Step 2: vehicle location coupling and legitimate verification

By track logic coordinating control system by antenna detection to vehicle carried electronic label position and the vehicle location that detects of wagon detector mate, pick out legal car and illegal car.

Because vehicle position information and vehicle carried electronic label positional information are detected by two systems, for same car, vehicle position information and vehicle carried electronic label positional information have certain difference, consider the operation characteristic of real system, can not there is at short notice two cars to occur in same position, therefore both detection times, poor zone of reasonableness was < 100ms, the zone of reasonableness that the difference of vehicle location and electronic tag lateral attitude (Y coordinate) detected is 1 meter of <.

This coupling is to be based upon on strict synchronous basis of subsystems time, and therefore track logic control system can regularly carry out synchronously the time of each subsystem, in order to avoid time of occurrence drift.

The detailed process of location matches is as follows:

Track logic coordinating control system compares the data in the Y-axis coordinate (form 4 last columns) of vehicle carried electronic label and the Y-axis coordinate (form 5) of vehicle location, data in form 4 and form 5 are all stored in the storer of track logic coordinating control system with the form of database

For vehicle V1, within the scope of 09:00:00:562 ± 100 millisecond, having vehicle location testing result is 1.2 meters, show that this vehicle has passed through toll station, and without corresponding vehicle carried electronic label position, think that this vehicle V1 is the illegal vehicle that vehicle carried electronic label is not installed

For vehicle V2, within the scope of 09:00:00:028 ± 100 millisecond, having vehicle location testing result is 3.1 meters, show that this vehicle has passed through toll station, also having corresponding vehicle carried electronic label testing result is 3.3 meters, 0.2 meter of the two range difference, be less than 1 meter of setting value, and vehicle carried electronic label is legal vehicle carried electronic label, think that this vehicle V2 is legal vehicle

For vehicle V3, within the scope of 09:00:01:603 ± 100 millisecond, having vehicle location testing result is 5.2 meters, show that this vehicle has passed through toll station, also having corresponding vehicle carried electronic label testing result is 5.6 meters, 0.4 meter of the two range difference, be less than 1 meter of setting value, and vehicle carried electronic label is legal vehicle carried electronic label, think that this vehicle V3 is legal vehicle

For vehicle V4, within the scope of 09:00:02:031 ± 100 millisecond, having vehicle location testing result is 7.85 meters, show that this vehicle has passed through toll station, also having corresponding vehicle carried electronic label testing result is 7.9 meters, 0.05 meter of the two range difference, be less than 1 meter of setting value, and vehicle carried electronic label is legal vehicle carried electronic label, think that this vehicle V4 is legal vehicle

For vehicle V5, within the scope of 09:00:01:024 ± 100 millisecond, having vehicle location testing result is 11.05 meters, show that this vehicle has passed through toll station, also having corresponding vehicle carried electronic label testing result is 11.1 meters, 0.05 meter of the two range difference, be less than 1 meter of setting value, but vehicle carried electronic label is the vehicle carried electronic label without legal registration, think that this vehicle V5 is the illegal vehicle that registration vehicle carried electronic label is not installed

Step 3: back-end data processing

Track logic coordinating control system is by the position matching result in step 2, and electric non-stop toll transaction results, vehicle image are captured with license plate recognition result and be uploaded to back-end data disposal system, carry out subsequent treatment, vehicle V1, V5 are carried out to the recovery of toll

Embodiment 2: please refer to Figure 13, the present embodiment is identical with the principle of above-described embodiment, difference is: phased array antenna A1, A2, A3 only have receiving function, above phased array antenna A1, A2, A3, be separately installed with directional transmitting antenna A4, A5, A6, directional transmitting antenna A4, A5, A6 launch downgoing signal, when phased array antenna A1, A2, A3 receive upstream data, the position of detecting vehicle carried electronic label, the result of working-flow and detection is identical with the data in embodiment 1.

Claims (4)

1. utilize One-dimension Phased Array antenna to realize a method for multilane Free-flow electronic charging, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

Step 1: vehicle detection and electronic charging transaction,

Bus or train route communication is passed through the periodic downgoing signal of antenna transmission with electronic tag positioning subsystem, if enter on the vehicle of communication zone vehicle carried electronic label be not installed, antenna reception is less than the information of this vehicle, bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem are without this vehicle process charge station information

If enter on the vehicle of communication zone vehicle carried electronic label be installed, vehicle carried electronic label is waken up by downgoing signal, return to upward signal, bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem are received after upward signal, and the legitimacy of vehicle carried electronic label is verified:

If vehicle carried electronic label is illegal vehicle carried electronic label, bus or train route communication is no longer communicated by letter with vehicle carried electronic label with electronic tag positioning subsystem, if the vehicle carried electronic label that vehicle carried electronic label is legal registration, bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem continue to communicate with vehicle carried electronic label, complete electric non-stop toll transaction

No matter whether vehicle carried electronic label is legal, bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem all utilize the one dimension straight line phased array radiating element of antenna to carry out angle scanning to the upward signal that comes from vehicle carried electronic label, detect the deviation angle of vehicle carried electronic label with respect to antenna

Then bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem according to vehicle carried electronic label the deviation angle with respect to different antennae, calculate the position of vehicle carried electronic label, by the positional information of vehicle carried electronic label, electronic charging transaction results and export to track logic coordinating control system positioning time;

In above-mentioned bus or train route communication and the work of electronic tag positioning subsystem, whether vehicle detection and positioning subsystem are detected and are had vehicle to enter surveyed area by wagon detector, when there being vehicle to enter after surveyed area, vehicle detection and positioning subsystem are captured enabling signal to the output of track logic coordinating control system immediately, wagon detector calculates vehicle location and vehicle according to testing result simultaneously, then, vehicle detection and positioning subsystem are exported to track logic coordinating control system by vehicle location, process charge station's time and vehicle information;

The candid photograph enabling signal that track logic coordinating control system provides according to vehicle detection and positioning subsystem, the video camera that triggers video capture and car plate recognition subsystem relevant position carries out vehicle image candid photograph, the driving board of going forward side by side is identified automatically, and video capture and car plate recognition subsystem are exported to track logic coordinating control system by candid photograph image, license plate recognition result and candid photograph time;

Step 2: vehicle location coupling and legitimate verification,

The vehicle location that vehicle carried electronic label position bus or train route communication being provided with electronic tag positioning subsystem by track logic coordinating control system and vehicle detection provide with positioning subsystem mates:

If within the time period of setting, the vehicle location that vehicle detection detects with positioning subsystem is communicated by letter the vehicle carried electronic label position that detects with electronic tag positioning subsystem in set distance range with bus or train route, and vehicle carried electronic label is legal vehicle carried electronic label, think that this vehicle is legal vehicle

If within the time period of setting, the vehicle location that vehicle detection detects with positioning subsystem is communicated by letter the vehicle carried electronic label position that detects with electronic tag positioning subsystem in set distance range with bus or train route, but vehicle carried electronic label is illegal vehicle carried electronic label, think that this vehicle is the vehicle that electronic tag is illegally installed

If within the time period of setting, vehicle detection and positioning subsystem have detected that vehicle passes through, but bus or train route communication and electronic tag positioning subsystem do not detect vehicle carried electronic label, think that this vehicle is the vehicle that vehicle carried electronic label is not installed,

Step 3: back-end data processing,

Track logic coordinating control system is by the position matching result in step 2, and electric non-stop toll transaction results, vehicle image are captured with license plate recognition result and be uploaded to back-end data disposal system, carry out subsequent treatment.

2. the method for utilizing One-dimension Phased Array antenna to realize the electronic charging of multilane Free-flow as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the time period of described setting is 100 milliseconds, and the set distance range of described vehicle is 1 meter.

3. the method for utilizing One-dimension Phased Array antenna to realize the electronic charging of multilane Free-flow as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described antenna consists of phased array antenna, this antenna has reception and emission function, antenna is arranged on portal frame, portal frame transverse strands is located at road top, the radiating element of antenna is arranged by linear fashion, and orientation is parallel with portal frame.

4. the method for utilizing One-dimension Phased Array antenna to realize the electronic charging of multilane Free-flow as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described antenna consists of directional transmitting antenna and phased array receiving antenna.

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