CN102593534B - 镍-金属氢化物蓄电池 - Google Patents
镍-金属氢化物蓄电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102593534B CN102593534B CN201110295333.8A CN201110295333A CN102593534B CN 102593534 B CN102593534 B CN 102593534B CN 201110295333 A CN201110295333 A CN 201110295333A CN 102593534 B CN102593534 B CN 102593534B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- storage battery
- electrode
- electrolyte
- metal hydride
- battery according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005813 NiMH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/34—Gastight accumulators
- H01M10/345—Gastight metal hydride accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/654—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/121—Organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/423—Polyamide resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/52—Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption
- H01M10/523—Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption by recombination on a catalytic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/668—Composites of electroconductive material and synthetic resins
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于工业应用的镍-金属氢化物蓄电池,包括:氢氧化镍正电极、与氢氧化镍正电极分离的金属氢化物负电极以及围绕所述电极的碱性电解液。为了提出与现有技术相比改善的并且特别地对温度影响不敏感的镍-金属氢化物蓄电池,本发明提出了一种镍-金属氢化物蓄电池,其具有热装置(19),所述热装置(19)提高所述蓄电池的比热容量并由额外的电解液体积(8)形成,其中所述蓄电池包括塑料材料外壳(2)和减压阀(4),所述外壳(2)容纳有所述电极(5、6)和所述电解液(9)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于工业应用的镍-金属氢化物蓄电池,包括氢氧化镍正电极、与其分离的金属氢化物负电极以及围绕所述电极的碱性电解液。
背景技术
镍-金属氢化物蓄电池(简称为NiMH蓄电池)本身在现有技术中是已知的,因此在这点上不需要详细描述特定清单或现有技术文献。
镍-金属氢化物蓄电池具有由氢氧化镍构成的正电极。负电极由金属氢化物形成。使用碱性溶液(例如,苛性钾溶液)作为电解液。
实践证明,镍-金属氢化物蓄电池在日常使用中是有利的。与镍-镉蓄电池相比,在相同电压下,镍-金属氢化物蓄电池提供将近两倍的能量密度。另外,镍-金属氢化物蓄电池比镍-镉蓄电池更耐用,且完全不含有毒的重金属镉。
然而,镍-金属氢化物蓄电池不利地对过热有敏感反应。这样的过热可以是由例如过充导致的结果。过热可导致电荷,即镍-金属氢化物蓄电池的容量减少,从而导致使用寿命减少。
DE102008044162A1公开了一种电池,其中设置至少一个导热元件,以提高导热性。在该案例中提出的导热元件基本上被设计为是由金属构成的棒状或盘状元件。DE102008044162A1的这种设计的目的在于,既提高导热性以降低高速率充放电时的温度,又实现在低温下更快地将电池加热到特定的最小电池温度。因此,DE102008044162A1提出了使用固体构件作为导热元件,更具体地为金属元件,其中,根据DE102008044162A1的教导,应使用具有最大导热性的导热元件来处理并获得电池内最快的热分布,以便即使在低温下也能实现最快地加热到最小电池温度。
DE69836374T2公开了一种用于混合动力电动汽车的驱动***,包括NIMH电池模块,所述NIMH电池模块提供高比能以增加汽车的工作范围,并展现良好的热管理。后者是通过对电极添加导热材料来获得的。例如,这些添加的材料可以以导电材料对电极进行电镀的形式提供。与上述DE102008044162A1类似,DE69836374T2也涉及提高电池内的导热性。
DE19823916A1公开了一种电池,其包括用于使电解液循环的液体电解液循环装置。通过这种循环可以改善电池的不同区域的酸化学计量比,因此可改善电极表面的利用率。安装有通过对流来循环电解液的加热或冷却***,以用于电池是静止的情况,也就是说承载电池的汽车不移动的情况。
由DE69812826T2可获知免维护的工业蓄电池,更具体地为一种开放式设计的蓄电池。其提出,为了避免由过充引起的水流失并因此避免蓄电池的过热,提供电解液,其数量与受限于组件的微孔的量相比是过量的,其中过量的电解液至少部分地被储存在机电组的底部和容器的底部之间,且其中使用额外的装置来再结合氧。该设置旨在确保,在该蓄电池呈现的三个操作阶段内,机电组不会变干。
发明内容
从以上描述的情况出发,本发明的目的在于提出一种镍-金属氢化物蓄电池,其与现有技术相比得到改善,特别是对温度的影响不敏感。
为了实现该目的,本发明提出一种镍-金属氢化物蓄电池,其特征在于热装置,该热装置提高了蓄电池的比热容量并且是由额外的电解液体积形成的;其中蓄电池包括容纳有电极和电解液的塑料材料外壳,并具有减压阀。
根据本发明的蓄电池配备有热装置,所述热装置提高了蓄电池的比热容量。由于该设计,根据本发明的镍-金属氢化物蓄电池可吸收额外的热能而不会过热。因此,在受到温度影响的所有情况下,与现有技术相比,根据本发明的镍-金属氢化物蓄电池更不易受温度的影响,由此有利地将电荷(也就是蓄电池的容量)降低到较少的程度。其结果是,蓄电池的总体使用寿命延长了。
根据本发明的设计允许在工业应用中更多的使用镍-金属氢化物蓄电池,例如作为混合动力汽车的电池。得益于根据本发明的设计,因过充导致的过热风险被最小化,由此根据本发明的蓄电池与现有技术中的蓄电池相比更容易使用。
依照本发明,由额外的电解液体积形成热装置。在一般类型蓄电池的常规操作中,设置足够的电解液,以使电极或用于分离电极的分离器能够被电解液围绕,也就是说使电极或分离器不干燥。本发明现在提出,提供额外的电解液体积以形成热装置,换句话说,提供一种具有比蓄电池的常规操作所需的量更多的电解液的镍-金属氢化物蓄电池。因此具有过量的电解液,其提高了蓄电池的比热容量并在这点上形成热装置。
额外电解液的使用受其缺点的限制,特别是,当使用镍-金属氢化物蓄电池作为汽车例如混合动力汽车的蓄电池时。电解液的额外使用增加了额外的重量。因此,减轻重量的不断努力(特别是汽车构造上)被抵消。然而,惊人地发现,提高的热容量的优点更甚于重量增加的缺点。具体地,这是因为与现有已知的蓄电池相比,蓄电池的使用寿命可大幅提高,有助于避免由替换带来的维护费用。另外,可节省材料和能源,因此,整体上,本发明提供的优点超过了任何缺点。这是出乎意料的。
额外的电解液体积相当于常规操作所需电解液体积的10%至50%,优选地为15%至40%,更优选地为20%。基于减少蓄电池对温度的敏感度的应用和/或进一步的措施,可应用其他值。电解液的水平面优选为位于用于分离电极的分离器的上方5mm至80mm,更优选为10mm至70mm,最优选为20mm至50mm。
电极和电解液由塑料材料的外壳容纳,所述外壳具有减压阀。减压阀确保不在蓄电池外壳内形成过多的超压。根据本发明的蓄电池甚至优选在低压范围内操作,以使电解液的消耗最小化。因此,在蓄电池的使用寿命内,通过额外的电解液有利地将提高的热容量保持在高水平。
在这点上,进一步提出,提供具有封装在蓄电池内的再结合元件的蓄电池。由于再结合元件,在蓄电池的过充期间形成的氧和氢再结合而形成水,其结果是,几乎在所有操作状态下蓄电池都处于低压范围,因此电极被挤压在一起,这使电极之间的距离最小化。因此,实现了内电阻的降低。
为了机械地稳固蓄电池外壳,特别是用于蓄电池在低压范围内的操作,依照本发明的进一步特征使用了固化元件。固化元件优选地设置在蓄电池的塑料材料外壳内的电解液水平面的上方。
特别是,为安全起见,依照本发明的进一步特征可提供回火保护件,例如以沿气体放电方向设置在减压阀的上游的多孔熔的形式提供回火保护件。
优选地,使用镀镍的无纺材料作为电极载体材料。另外,还可使用其他镀镍的金属载体,例如延展的网眼钢板或金属泡沫材料。除电化学活性材料和粘合剂之外,还可通过使用糊剂来对电极载体结构填充活性物质,所述糊剂还包含能够均匀地填满所述结构的胶凝剂。可使用可溶于水的不同的长链聚合物作为胶凝剂,其提供浆状活性物质的高粘度和体积稳定性。因此,更易于填充电极载体结构。
依照本发明的进一步特征,电极被***分离器口袋中,也就是说电极被设计为“口袋”电极。优选地,分离器口袋通过例如折叠、焊接和/或类似的方式在三侧上封闭。
分离器口袋优选地由可永久可湿的聚烯烃无纺纤维形成,或可替换地由聚酰胺无纺纤维形成,其中在这种情况下所述分离器口袋存在接触。在交替使用聚烯烃无纺材料和聚酰胺无纺材料的情况下,具有两种极性的电极优选地被包裹在各自的无纺材料中,以使一种类型的电极***聚烯烃分离器中而另一类型的电极***聚酰胺分离器中。这种不同分离器材料的交替布置以及它们在电池口袋中的接触使得两个分离器都可永久可靠地被电解液湿润,因此防止任一处变干,即使当电解液水平面低时。
特别地,使用碱性溶液作为电解液,所述碱性溶液优选地由氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠和/或氢氧化钾的混合物形成。该混合物的成分可根据使用和要求发生变化。
优选地,正电极具有镍安全塞和基于氢氧化镍的含粘合剂的活性物质。除电化学作用成分之外,该活性物质还可包含胶凝剂。
负电极具有金属载体和基于贮氢合金的含粘合剂的活性物质。负电极的含粘合剂的活性物质也可包含胶凝剂。
特别地,可考虑将镀镍的无纺纤维或其他具有或不具有内塑料材料芯的镍结构作为正电极的载体。
优选地,使用聚合物水溶液作为胶凝剂。
可同样使用镀镍的无纺纤维作为负电极的载体。还可考虑使用具有或不具有内塑料材料芯的镍结构。另外,可使用镀镍的网眼钢板,其金属含量在50mg/cm3和170mg/cm3之间。
减压阀可移动,这简化了维护。优选地,减压阀被设置为在100mbar和2000mbar之间的过压下开启。减压阀还可以形成为具有自动关闭模式。
依照本发明所提供的、作为热装置的过量的电解液对提高蓄电池的比热容量有显著的贡献,由此在蓄电池的操作期间和过热的情况下都减少了热负载,还最小化了过热的风险。因此有利地减缓了电极的老化,使得蓄电池的使用寿命增加,特别是在高电荷吞吐量的情况下。可移动的减压阀还使得在需要时能够实现蓄电池的维护并补偿任何电解液流失。
附图说明
从下面的基于单个图(图1)的说明,本发明的进一步特征和优点将更清楚,图1示出了根据本发明的蓄电池的剖面示意图。
附图标记列表:
1、蓄电池2、外壳
3、盖4、减压阀
5、氢氧化镍正电极6、金属氢化物负电极
7、电解液体积8、额外的电解液体积
9、电解液
10、具有额外的电解液体积8的电解液水平面
11、不具有额外的电解液体积8的电解液水平面
12、载体13、边缘
14、分离器口袋15、分离器口袋
16、凸耳17、凸耳
18、垂直方向19、热装置
20、回火保护件21、固化元件
ΔF、水平面差(覆盖高度)
具体实施方式
图1为金属氢化物蓄电池1的剖面示意图。金属氢化物蓄电池1具有塑料材料外壳2,其可通过盖3紧紧地封闭。减压阀4紧紧地***盖3中的开口内并在内部携带回火保护件20。
氢氧化镍正电极5和金属氢化物负电极6设置在蓄电池外壳2内。电极以悬浮方式安装,为此目的,蓄电池外壳2提供相应的条状载体12。电极5和6***口袋形分离器内。正电极5设置在分离器口袋14中,负电极6设置在分离器口袋15中。使用聚烯烃无纺材料作为分离器口袋14的材料。负电极的分离器口袋15由聚酰胺分离器无纺纤维形成。
电极5和6具有用于电气连接的凸耳16和17。通过固化元件21提供支撑以用于蓄电池外壳2的进一步稳固。固化元件21沿垂直方向18形成在电解液水平面10的上方。
电解液9还位于外壳2内。电解液9冲刷电极5和6以及分离器口袋14和15。如在图1中用虚线所示的,在蓄电池1的常规操作中,电解液9的水平面11必须尽可能延伸到分离器口袋14和15的上边缘13处。依照本发明,蓄电池1具有额外的电解液体积8。所述额外的电解液体积8与常规操作中所必需的电解液体积7合在一起即为水平面10。图中,水平面11和水平面10之间的差由水平面差ΔF例示。
额外的电解液体积8形成了热装置19,由此提高了蓄电池1的比热容量。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于工业应用的镍-金属氢化物蓄电池,包括:氢氧化镍正电极(5)、与所述氢氧化镍正电极(5)分离的金属氢化物负电极(6)以及围绕所述电极(5、6)的碱性电解液(9),其特征在于热装置(19),所述热装置(19)提高了蓄电池(1)的比热容量并由额外的电解液体积(8)形成;所述蓄电池包括塑料材料外壳(2)和减压阀(4),所述塑料材料外壳(2)容纳有所述电极(5、6)和所述电解液(9),其中所述电解液(9)的第一水平面(10)位于用于分离所述电极(5、6)的分离器(14、15)上方20mm至50mm处,其中所述第一水平面(10)在第二水平面(11)之上,这对于所述蓄电池的常规操作是必需的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池,其特征在于,所述额外的电解液体积(8)对应于所述蓄电池(1)的常规操作所需的电解液体积(7)的10%至50%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池,其特征在于,回火保护件(20)沿气体放电方向设置在所述减压阀(4)的上游。
4.根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池,其特征在于,再结合元件优选地设置在所述塑料材料外壳(2)内。
5.根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池,其特征在于,所述塑料材料外壳(2)的固化元件(21),所述固化元件设置在所述塑料材料外壳内电解液的第一水平面(10)的上方。
6.根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池,其特征在于,所述电极(5、6)具有含镍的电极载体结构。
7.根据权利要求6所述的蓄电池,其特征在于,所述电极载体结构由镀镍的无纺材料构成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池,其特征在于,所述正电极(5)和/或所述负电极(6)设置在由分离器材料制成的口袋(14、15)中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的蓄电池,其特征在于,所述分离器材料为聚烯烃或聚酰胺无纺材料。
10.根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池,其特征在于,所述电解液(9)为碱性溶液,所述碱性溶液由氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠和/或氢氧化钾的混合物构成。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201010046647 DE102010046647A1 (de) | 2010-09-27 | 2010-09-27 | Nickel-Metallhydrid-Akkumulator |
DE102010046647.6-45 | 2010-09-27 | ||
DE102010046647.6 | 2010-09-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN102593534A CN102593534A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
CN102593534B true CN102593534B (zh) | 2015-12-16 |
Family
ID=44720496
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201110295333.8A Active CN102593534B (zh) | 2010-09-27 | 2011-09-27 | 镍-金属氢化物蓄电池 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120077061A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2434565B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102593534B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102010046647A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2458123T3 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2434565T3 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6442966B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-31 | 2018-12-26 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 二次電池、電池パック、電動車両、電力貯蔵システム、電動工具および電子機器 |
DE102014115561A1 (de) * | 2014-10-27 | 2016-04-28 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Batteriegehäuseteil |
US9627897B2 (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2017-04-18 | General Electric Company | String current limited battery charging control |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4352364A (en) * | 1979-10-01 | 1982-10-05 | Concorde Battery Corp. | Nonspill vented closure assembly for storage battery |
US6680140B1 (en) * | 1997-08-04 | 2004-01-20 | Alcatel | Maintenance-free industrial type vented cell storage battery |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2786090A (en) * | 1953-06-25 | 1957-03-19 | Electric Storage Battery Co | Electrolyte level control for a storage battery |
JPH0822811A (ja) * | 1994-07-05 | 1996-01-23 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 蓄電池用電槽および密閉型アルカリ蓄電池 |
US5510046A (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 1996-04-23 | Motorola, Inc. | Modified electrolyte for electrochemical cells and cells using same |
US5686202A (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1997-11-11 | Hawker Energy Products, Inc. | Stress resistant battery configuration |
US6330925B1 (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 2001-12-18 | Ovonic Battery Company, Inc. | Hybrid electric vehicle incorporating an integrated propulsion system |
FR2760897B1 (fr) * | 1997-03-13 | 1999-04-16 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | Accumulateur a electrolyte alcalin de type industriel ouvert sans maintenance |
DE19823916A1 (de) * | 1998-05-28 | 1999-12-02 | Iq Battery Res & Dev Gmbh | Flüssigelektrolytbatterie |
JP4031620B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-09 | 2008-01-09 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | ニッケル水素蓄電池およびその使用方法 |
JP4196005B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-30 | 2008-12-17 | パナソニック株式会社 | 水素吸蔵合金負極およびニッケル−水素蓄電池 |
FR2886767B1 (fr) * | 2005-06-02 | 2007-07-27 | Accumulateurs Fixes | Accumulateur alcalin ouvert comportant une membrane microporeuse. |
CN100517855C (zh) * | 2005-11-24 | 2009-07-22 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 电解液、含有该电解液的锂离子电池以及它们的制备方法 |
US20080274396A1 (en) * | 2007-05-01 | 2008-11-06 | Robert Lyle Routson | Battery Vent |
JP2009026562A (ja) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-02-05 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 電池用電極基材、電池用電極、及び電池 |
KR20090124113A (ko) * | 2008-05-29 | 2009-12-03 | 에너그린(주) | 2차 전지 |
DE102008044162A1 (de) * | 2008-11-28 | 2010-06-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Batterie |
US20110111274A1 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-05-12 | Thomas Foushee | Flooded Battery Vent Cap |
-
2010
- 2010-09-27 DE DE201010046647 patent/DE102010046647A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-09-14 EP EP20110007465 patent/EP2434565B1/de active Active
- 2011-09-14 ES ES11007465T patent/ES2458123T3/es active Active
- 2011-09-14 PL PL11007465T patent/PL2434565T3/pl unknown
- 2011-09-27 CN CN201110295333.8A patent/CN102593534B/zh active Active
- 2011-09-27 US US13/245,942 patent/US20120077061A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4352364A (en) * | 1979-10-01 | 1982-10-05 | Concorde Battery Corp. | Nonspill vented closure assembly for storage battery |
US6680140B1 (en) * | 1997-08-04 | 2004-01-20 | Alcatel | Maintenance-free industrial type vented cell storage battery |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2434565B1 (de) | 2014-03-19 |
US20120077061A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
DE102010046647A1 (de) | 2012-03-29 |
ES2458123T3 (es) | 2014-04-30 |
EP2434565A1 (de) | 2012-03-28 |
PL2434565T3 (pl) | 2014-08-29 |
CN102593534A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Dell | Batteries: fifty years of materials development | |
US8968902B2 (en) | Low temperature molten sodium secondary cell with sodium ion conductive electrolyte membrane | |
CN101288189B (zh) | 具有改善的热导率的电池壳 | |
US7294431B2 (en) | Battery employing thermally conductive polymer case | |
JP5069252B2 (ja) | 電池ユニット積層体の伝熱構造 | |
KR101757511B1 (ko) | 용융염 전지 | |
WO2011057135A2 (en) | Solid-state sodium-based secondary cell having a sodium ion conductive ceramic separator | |
KR102042577B1 (ko) | 배터리 팩 모듈 | |
Krivik et al. | Electrochemical energy storage | |
CN102593534B (zh) | 镍-金属氢化物蓄电池 | |
CN101849315B (zh) | 锂离子二次电池 | |
US20080003489A1 (en) | Device for Catalytic Recombination of Gases for Alkaline Batteries with Shortened Zinc Anode | |
JP4778753B2 (ja) | 電池モジュール | |
CN107146869B (zh) | 一种新能源汽车用磷酸铁钒锂电池 | |
US10044023B2 (en) | Molten salt battery | |
KR101561121B1 (ko) | 효율적인 냉각 구조의 중대형 전지팩 | |
CN112687913A (zh) | 锂空气电池包 | |
WO2009145375A1 (en) | Rechargeable cell | |
CN116868430A (zh) | 电池单体、电池、用电装置、制造方法及制造设备 | |
CN211670263U (zh) | 一种电池模组用极耳连接片 | |
CN214123979U (zh) | 一种双铆钉锂离子电芯 | |
CN103181020B (zh) | 熔融盐电池 | |
Dell | Aqueous electrolyte batteries | |
WO1980001970A1 (en) | Lead acid electric storage batteries | |
KR20140139188A (ko) | 열선이 장착되어 있는 전지셀 트레이 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20190617 Address after: No. 9 Fengfeng Road, Liyang City, Jiangsu Province (No. 9 Fengfeng Road, Zhongguancun Science and Technology Industrial Park, Jiangsu Province) Patentee after: Hobeck Power System (Liyang) Co., Ltd. Address before: Le brie Patentee before: Hoppecke Batterie Systeme GmbH |