CN102584329B - Preparation method of high-porosity porous ceramic - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-porosity porous ceramic Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides high-porosity porous ceramic and a preparation method thereof, relates to porous ceramic and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that when the high-porosity porous ceramic is prepared by adopting the prior direct foaming technology, a slurry foaming process is separated from a foam solidification process, and the preparation process is complex. The high-porosity porous ceramic is provided with even spherical honeycomb pore structure units, wherein the pore walls are mutually communicated via porous windows; and the porosity can reach above 90 percent. The preparation method comprises the steps that: I, raw materials are weighed and ball-milled to obtain slurry; II, the slurry is placed in a vacuum chamber to be degassed; III, a supercooling point of the slurry is tested; IV, the slurry is cooled to obtain supercooling slurry; V, the supercooling slurry is decompressed, foamed and solidified with foam; VI, the solidified and foamed material is dried to obtain ceramic bisque; and VII, the ceramic bisque is sintered to obtain the high-porosity porous ceramic. The preparation method has the advantages that the slurry foaming process is organically combined with the foam solidification process, the technology is simple and the porosity of the prepared ceramic reaches above 90 percent. The preparation method is used for preparing the high-porosity porous ceramic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of porous ceramics.
Background technology
Porous ceramics has that density is little, specific surface area is large and the advantage such as thermal conductivity is low, is widely used in a plurality of fields such as processing, melted metal filtering, support of the catalyst, lagging material, sound-proof material, biomaterial of vehicle exhaust and trade effluent.The preparation approach of porous ceramics mainly is divided into replica technique, sacrifice template and direct three kinds of foaming techniques.Different working methods determines different microstructure and the performances of porous ceramics.Thereby, adopt which kind of preparation approach strongly to depend on the structure of the finished product, cost and the operability of technological process.
Compare with the sacrifice template with replica technique, directly foaming technique has been avoided the processes such as choosing, applying of template and elimination, is more suitable for the manufacturing in high porosity ceramic.Usually gas need to be incorporated into slurry in direct foaming process in, yet, gas add the free energy that has increased whole system, the Ostwald slaking that the foam experience is continuous and the merging of bubble.These Instabilities have increased the unevenness of bubble, finally cause the character of porous ceramics uneven.Therefore, one of problem of wet method foaming technique most critical is the stability problem of foam.
The means that are usually used in solving the froth stability problem are to add amphipathic molecule with long-chain or biomolecules as tensio-active agent, as lipid material, protein etc. in slurry.These molecular adsorption reduce the liquid-vapo(u)r interface energy in bubble surface, reduce the uneven homogenize of bubble merging and bubble.But tensio-active agent is low at the sorptive power of liquid-vapo(u)r interface, can not hinder for a long time the unstability of foam.Usually, in several minutes arrived several hours, stable foam state was with destroyed.Therefore, need cured foam before the foam unstability.As the foam that the people such as Mao Xiaojian [Chinese patent CN1736955A] utilize the mode solid mechanical of starch pasting stir to produce, finally obtain porosity and be 70 ~ 90% porous ceramics.
In recent years, adopt the solid particulate of surface modification to be adsorbed in liquid-vapo(u)r interface and showed efficient froth stability.The method uses the amphiphilic hydrophilic group of short chain to be adsorbed in ceramic grain surface, and amphiphilic hydrophobic group is contacted with water molecules, changes the hydrophobicity of ceramic particle by regulating amphiphilic concentration.Obtaining of this high stable foam depends on surface modified granules in the high adsorptivity of liquid-vapo(u)r interface, hindered the merging of adjacent bubbles.Simultaneously, particle condenses the network coverage that forms in bubble surface, suppresses the pucker ﹠ bloat of bubble.Although use this technique, the content of organics additive is low, and is environmentally friendly, and the method needs strict control slurry pH value, and the foaming situation of slurry is subject to the restriction of its concentration and particle size.Particle for 200nm, the concentration of slurry need to surpass 15vol.%, if adopt the slurry foaming of lower concentration, the size of particle need further reduce, the slurry foaming need be carried out respectively with the foam curing process in addition, complicated operation [Angewandte Chemie International Edition45 (2006): 3526-3530].
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve existing direct foaming technique and prepare in high porosity porous ceramics, and slurry foams and the foam curing process is separated from each other and the problem of complicated process of preparation, and a kind of preparation method of high porosity porous ceramics is provided.
A kind of high porosity porous ceramics of the present invention has uniform spherical honeycomb porous structure unit, and hole wall is interconnected with the porous window, and porosity P satisfies 90%＜P＜100%.
The preparation method of above-mentioned high porosity porous ceramics carries out according to the following steps:
One, take respectively by mass percentage 45% ~ 70% submicron ceramics powder, 0.9%～1.8% binding agent, 0.5% ~ 0.9% dispersion agent and 26.3% ~ 53.6% solvent, ball milling after mixing obtains finely dispersed slurry;
Two, the slurry with the step 1 gained is placed in vacuum chamber, vacuum stripping 10 ~ 20min;
Three, the slurry after step 2 is processed is carried out the undercooling point test, obtaining undercooling point is T
1
Four, the slurry after step 2 is processed is cooled to T
2, T
1+ 1 ℃≤T
2≤ T
1+ 2 ℃, must be cold ceramic size;
Five, the excessively cold ceramic size that step 4 is obtained is placed in the closed container with dropping equipment, in 0.5 ~ 1min, with the Pressure Drop to 400 in closed container ~ 10Pa, obtains the cured foam material;
Six, the cured foam material that step 5 is obtained is placed in the vacuum freeze drying inner drying, obtains dry porous ceramics biscuit;
Seven, the porous ceramics biscuit that step 6 is obtained is placed on sintering in sintering oven, obtains high porosity porous ceramics.
The preparation method of a kind of high porosity porous ceramics of the present invention organically combines the preparation porous ceramics with slurry foaming and foam curing process.Its principal character is that employing submicron ceramics powder is raw material, evenly mixes with binding agent, dispersion agent and deionized water or aqueous glycerin solution; With the ceramic size of preparation through being cooled to after vacuum stripping near its undercooling point; Utilize fast reducing to cross the ambient pressure of cold slurry, the gas evolution that is dissolved in slurry is foamed, utilize simultaneously the liquid cyclostrophic of water in slurry to become, make system temperature continue to reduce to solidify and realize the curing of foam, and by obtaining porous ceramics after vacuum-drying and sintering.The present invention is by solid load, the slurry temperature in step 4 and the size of the rate of pressure reduction adjustment apertures rate in step 5 of controlling ceramic size in step 1, size and the distribution in hole.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the high porosity porous ceramics of the present invention preparation has uniform spherical honeycomb porous structure unit, and hole wall is interconnected with the porous window, and porosity can reach more than 90%.Compared with prior art, the present invention organically combines slurry foaming and foam curing process, simplified manufacturing technique, easy handling, and gas volume sharply expands in decompression process, has greatly increased the air vent content of porous material, therefore is easy to the acquisition of high porosity ceramic.
The present invention is for the preparation of high porosity porous ceramics.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the optical photograph of the embodiment of the present invention one gained high porosity porous oxidation zircon ceramic after cutting; Fig. 2 is the Photomicrograph in the embodiment of the present invention one gained high porosity porous oxidation zircon ceramic cross section.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to following cited embodiment, also comprises the arbitrary combination between each embodiment.
Embodiment one: a kind of high porosity porous ceramics of present embodiment has uniform spherical honeycomb porous structure unit, and hole wall is interconnected with the porous window, and porosity P satisfies 90%＜P＜100%.
The beneficial effect of present embodiment is: the high porosity porous ceramics porosity of present embodiment can reach more than 90%.
Embodiment two: a kind of preparation method of high porosity porous ceramics carries out according to the following steps:
One, take respectively by mass percentage 45% ~ 70% submicron ceramics powder, 0.9% ~ 1.8% binding agent, 0.5% ~ 0.9% dispersion agent and 26.3% ~ 53.6% solvent, ball milling after mixing obtains finely dispersed slurry;
Two, the slurry with the step 1 gained is placed in vacuum chamber, vacuum stripping 10 ~ 20min;
Three, the slurry after step 2 is processed is carried out the undercooling point test, obtaining undercooling point is T
1
Four, the slurry after step 2 is processed is cooled to T
2, T
1+ 1 ℃≤T
2≤ T
1+ 2 ℃, must be cold ceramic size;
Five, the excessively cold ceramic size that step 4 is obtained is placed in the closed container with dropping equipment, in 0.5 ~ 1min, with the Pressure Drop to 400 in closed container～10Pa, obtains the cured foam material;
Six, the cured foam material that step 5 is obtained is placed in the vacuum freeze drying inner drying, obtains dry porous ceramics biscuit;
Seven, the porous ceramics biscuit that step 6 is obtained is placed on sintering in sintering oven, obtains high porosity porous ceramics.
The beneficial effect of present embodiment is: the high porosity porous ceramics of present embodiment preparation has uniform spherical honeycomb porous structure unit, and hole wall is interconnected with the porous window, and porosity can reach more than 90%.Compared with prior art, present embodiment organically combines slurry foaming and foam curing process, simplified manufacturing technique, easy handling; And gas volume sharply expands in decompression process, has greatly increased the air vent content of porous material, therefore is easy to the acquisition of high porosity ceramic.
Embodiment three: what present embodiment was different from embodiment two is: the submicron ceramics powder described in step 1 is that particle diameter is oxide ceramics or the non-oxide ceramics of 0.1 ~ 0.9 μ m.Other is identical with embodiment two.
Embodiment four: what present embodiment was different from embodiment two is: the submicron ceramics powder described in step 1 is a kind of in silicon oxide ceramics powder, alumina-ceramic powder, zirconia ceramics powder, cordierite ceramic powder, yttrium powder, silicon carbide ceramics powder, silicon nitride ceramic, zirconium boride ceramic powder or several mixture wherein.
In present embodiment, when the submicron ceramics powder was mixture, various ceramics powders mixed with any ratio.
Embodiment five: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment two to four is: the binding agent described in step 1 is PVAC polyvinylalcohol-124, PVAC polyvinylalcohol-217 or PVAC polyvinylalcohol-205.Other is identical with one of embodiment two to four.
Embodiment six: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment two to five is: the dispersion agent described in step 1 is ammonium polymethacrylate (Darvan C), sodium polymethacrylate (Darvan7-N) or Tetramethylammonium hydroxide.Other is identical with one of embodiment two to five.
Embodiment seven: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment two to six is: the solvent described in step 1 is that deionized water or mass concentration are 5 ~ 15% aqueous glycerin solution.Other is identical with one of embodiment two to six.
Embodiment eight: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment two to seven is: in step 2, the vacuum tightness of vacuum drying oven is 0.8 ~ 3KPa.Other is identical with one of embodiment two to seven.
Embodiment nine: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment two to eight is: in step 6, dry 24h～48h under-20 ℃～-50 ℃ conditions obtains dry porous ceramics biscuit.Other is identical with one of embodiment two to eight.
Embodiment ten: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment two to nine is: in step 7, and sintering 2 ~ 5h under the condition of 1000～1900 ℃, furnace cooling obtains high porosity porous ceramics to room temperature.Other is identical with one of embodiment two to nine.
Embodiment 11: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment two to ten is: take respectively by mass percentage 48% ~ 65% submicron ceramics powder, 1.0% ~ 1.6% binding agent, 0.6% ~ 0.8% dispersion agent and 32.6% ~ 50.4% solvent in step 1.Other is identical with embodiment two to ten.
Adopt following examples checking beneficial effect of the present invention:
Embodiment one:
The preparation method of the present embodiment high porosity zircite porous ceramic carries out according to the following steps:
One, take respectively by mass percentage zirconia ceramics powder that 60% particle diameter is 0.5 μ m doping 3mol% yttrium oxide, 1.2% binding agent PVA-124,0.72% dispersion agent Darvan7-N and 38.08% glycerine solution (mass concentration is 10%), after mixing, be under the condition of 160r/min at rotating speed, ball milling 24h obtains finely dispersed slurry;
Two, the slurry with the step 1 gained is placed in vacuum drying oven, vacuum stripping 10min, and vacuum tightness is 2KPa;
Three, the undercooling point T of the slurry of test after step 2 is processed
1Be-8.8 ℃;
Four, the slurry after step 2 is processed is positioned in refrigerator, is cooled to-7.8 ℃, must be cold ceramic size;
Five, the excessively cold ceramic size that step 4 is obtained is placed in vacuum freezing drying oven and carries out decompression foaming and foam curing, and the pressure in vacuum freezing drying oven is down to 300Pa after 45s, obtain the cured foam material;
Six, the cured foam material that step 5 is obtained is 20Pa in vacuum tightness, and temperature is dry 24h under the condition of-40 ℃, obtains dry porous ceramics biscuit;
Seven, the porous ceramics biscuit that step 6 is obtained is placed in high temperature sintering furnace, sintering 4h under the condition of 1500 ℃, and furnace cooling obtains high porosity porous oxidation zircon ceramic to room temperature.
Fig. 1 is the optical photograph of the present embodiment gained high porosity porous oxidation zircon ceramic after cutting; Fig. 2 is the Photomicrograph in the present embodiment gained high porosity porous oxidation zircon ceramic cross section, and the porous window on spherical honeycomb porous structure unit and hole wall is that the slurry decompression forms due to the foam process.The porosity of the high porosity porous oxidation zircon ceramic of the present embodiment gained is 93.2%, and ultimate compression strength is 0.507MPa.Spherical honeycomb porous structure unit is of a size of 0.57 ~ 1.27mm, and the porous window on hole wall is of a size of 78 ~ 480 μ m.
The present embodiment organically combines slurry foaming and foam curing process, simplified manufacturing technique, easy handling; And gas volume sharply expands in decompression process, has greatly increased the air vent content of porous material, therefore is easy to the acquisition of high porosity ceramic.
Embodiment two:
The preparation method of the present embodiment high porosity porous alumina ceramic carries out according to the following steps:
One, taking respectively by mass percentage 45% particle diameter is 0.3 μ m alumina-ceramic powder, 1.6% binding agent PVA-124,0.6% dispersion agent Darvan7-N and 52.8% deionized water, after mixing, be under the condition of 160r/min at rotating speed, ball milling 24h obtains finely dispersed slurry;
Two, the slurry with the step 1 gained is placed in vacuum drying oven, vacuum stripping 10min, and vacuum tightness is 2KPa;
Three, the undercooling point T of the slurry of test after step 2 is processed
1Be-6.5 ℃;
Four, the slurry after step 2 is processed is positioned in refrigerator, lowers the temperature most-5.5 ℃, must be cold ceramic size;
Five, the excessively cold ceramic size that step 4 is obtained is placed in vacuum freezing drying oven and carries out decompression foaming and foam curing, and the pressure in vacuum freezing drying oven is down to 150Pa after 1min, obtain the cured foam material;
Six, the cured foam material that step 5 is obtained is 20Pa in vacuum tightness, and temperature is dry 24h under the condition of-40 ℃, obtains dry porous ceramics biscuit;
Seven, the porous ceramics biscuit that step 6 is obtained is placed on sintering in high temperature sintering furnace, sintering 4h under the condition of 1500 ℃, and furnace cooling obtains the high porosity porous alumina ceramic to room temperature.
The porosity of the present embodiment gained high porosity porous alumina ceramic is 96.3%.
Embodiment three:
The preparation method of the present embodiment high porosity porous silicon nitride ceramic carries out according to the following steps:
One, taking respectively by mass percentage 59.5% particle diameter is that 0.5 μ m silicon nitride ceramic, 3.2% particle diameter are that 0.3 μ m alumina-ceramic powder, 1.3% particle diameter are yttrium powder, 1% binding agent PVA-217,0.8% dispersion agent Darvan7-N and 34.2% the deionized water of 0.3 μ m, after mixing, be under the condition of 160r/min at rotating speed, ball milling 24h obtains finely dispersed slurry;
Two, the slurry with the step 1 gained is placed in vacuum drying oven, vacuum stripping 10min, and vacuum tightness is 1.5KPa;
Three, the undercooling point T of the slurry of test after step 2 is processed
1Be-7.1 ℃;
Four, the slurry after step 2 is processed is positioned in refrigerator, lowers the temperature most-5.5 ℃, must be cold ceramic size;
Five, the excessively cold ceramic size that step 4 is obtained is placed in vacuum freezing drying oven and carries out decompression foaming and foam curing, and the pressure in vacuum freezing drying oven is down to 100Pa after 1min, obtain the cured foam material;
Six, the cured foam material that step 5 is obtained is 20Pa in vacuum tightness, and temperature is dry 24h under the condition of-40 ℃, obtains dry porous ceramics biscuit;
Seven, the porous ceramics biscuit that step 6 is obtained is placed on sintering in vacuum sintering furnace, sintering 3h under the condition of 1750 ℃, and furnace cooling obtains the high porosity porous silicon nitride ceramic to room temperature.
The porosity of the present embodiment gained high porosity porous silicon nitride ceramic is 90.3%.
Claims (9)
1. the preparation method of a high porosity porous ceramics is characterized in that the preparation method of high porosity porous ceramics carries out according to the following steps:
One, take respectively by mass percentage 45%～70% submicron ceramics powder, 0.9%～1.8% binding agent, 0.5%～0.9% dispersion agent and 26.3%～53.6% solvent, the degree sum of above-mentioned each component is 100%, ball milling after mixing obtains finely dispersed slurry;
Two, the slurry with the step 1 gained is placed in vacuum drying oven, vacuum stripping 10～20min;
Three, the slurry after step 2 is processed is carried out the undercooling point test, obtaining undercooling point is T
1
Four, the slurry after step 2 is processed is cooled to T
2, T
1+ 1 ℃≤T
2≤ T
1+ 2 ℃, must be cold ceramic size;
Five, the excessively cold ceramic size that step 4 is obtained is placed in the closed container with dropping equipment, in 0.5～1min, with the Pressure Drop to 400 in closed container～10Pa, obtains the cured foam material;
Six, the cured foam material that step 5 is obtained is placed in the vacuum freeze drying inner drying, obtains dry porous ceramics biscuit;
Seven, the porous ceramics biscuit that step 6 is obtained is placed on sintering in sintering oven, obtains high porosity porous ceramics;
Wherein, described high porosity porous ceramics has uniform spherical honeycomb porous structure unit, and hole wall is interconnected with the porous window, and porosity P satisfies 90%＜P＜100%.
2. the preparation method of a kind of high porosity porous ceramics according to claim 1, the particle diameter that it is characterized in that the submicron ceramics powder described in step 1 is 0.1～0.9 μ m.
3. the preparation method of a kind of high porosity porous ceramics according to claim 1 is characterized in that the submicron ceramics powder described in step 1 is a kind of in silicon oxide ceramics powder, alumina-ceramic powder, zirconia ceramics powder, cordierite ceramic powder, yttrium powder, silicon carbide ceramics powder, silicon nitride ceramic, zirconium boride ceramic powder or several mixture wherein.
4. the preparation method of a kind of high porosity porous ceramics according to claim 3, is characterized in that the binding agent described in step 1 is PVAC polyvinylalcohol-124, PVAC polyvinylalcohol-217 or PVAC polyvinylalcohol-205.
5. the preparation method of a kind of high porosity porous ceramics according to claim 4, is characterized in that the dispersion agent described in step 1 is ammonium polymethacrylate, sodium polymethacrylate or Tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
6. the preparation method of a kind of high porosity porous ceramics according to claim 5, is characterized in that the solvent described in step 1 is that deionized water or mass concentration are 5～15% aqueous glycerin solution.
7. the preparation method of a kind of high porosity porous ceramics according to claim 6, the vacuum tightness that it is characterized in that vacuum drying oven in step 2 is 0.8～3KPa.
8. the preparation method of a kind of high porosity porous ceramics according to claim 7, is characterized in that in step 6, and dry 24h～48h under-20 ℃～-50 ℃ conditions obtains dry porous ceramics biscuit.
9. the preparation method of the described a kind of high porosity porous ceramics of any one claim according to claim 1-8, it is characterized in that in step 7, sintering 2～5h under the condition of 1000～1900 ℃, furnace cooling obtains high porosity porous ceramics to room temperature.
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| CN102976758B (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2015-02-25 | 东北大学 | Preparation method of macroporous interconnection SiC ceramics |
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| CN104311114B (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2017-01-18 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Method of preparing gradient porous silicon nitride ceramic material |
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| CN106693516B (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2020-10-02 | 绍兴市梓昂新材料有限公司 | Microporous ceramic material for filtering |
| CN107574678B (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2021-08-24 | 钟小龙 | Environment-friendly foaming artificial leather and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110142060B (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2022-06-28 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | Silicon carbide/silicon nitride carrier and preparation method thereof, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110668802A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-01-10 | 北京交通大学 | Green preparation method of light high-strength cordierite porous ceramic and filter |
| CN111807842B (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2021-09-21 | 山东大学 | Porous silicon carbide ceramic material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111960826B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-02-18 | 景德镇庆融合鑫陶瓷有限公司 | Preparation and application method of ceramic cupping jar |
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