CN102583619A - Method for removing heavy metal in water by utilizing plant-biomass composite adsorbent - Google Patents
Method for removing heavy metal in water by utilizing plant-biomass composite adsorbent Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for removing heavy metal in water by utilizing a plant-biomass composite adsorbent. The method belongs to the technical field of environment protection. According to the invention, adsorbing materials including chestnut skin, biomass (such rice straws) of overground parts of rice, and plant biomass of overground parts of the cattail are combined together and matched in certain proportion to form the composite adsorbent, wherein the adsorbing materials are low in cost and wide in resource and have peculiar adsorbability on the heavy metal. The composite adsorbent has better adsorbability on ions of 11 metals including copper, zinc, lead, nickel, manganese, cadmium, chromium, mercury, aluminium, gold and silver in wastewater; the high-concentration water heavy metal removing rate of the plant-biomass composite adsorbent can reach 95% or more, and the middle-concentration water heavy metal removing rate of the plant-biomass composite adsorbent is expected to reach 80%-90% or more; and the heavy metal content of the adsorbed composite adsorbent reaches the index of a deposit industry, thus becoming a high-quality biomass mineral resource.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological waste water processing, exploitation of mineral resources field, specifically the biomass combined sorbent material of appliable plant is from the method for water body absorption heavy metal and recovery.
Background technology
Flourishing through three during the last ten years Economic development and industries, China is described as " world's factory "---not only consumed the resource and the energy of flood tide, and to environmental emission numerous pollutions.With the iron ore resource is example; The world market is basically by Brazilian VALE (CVRD Vale, big iron ore production of the first in the world and exporter, the mining company that American continent is maximum), Rio Tinto (RIO TINTO; World's second largest ferrolite supply merchant; The iron ore importor that China is maximum), bhp billiton (bhpbillition, global the third-largest iron ore supplier) monopolization, in recent years along with the quick growth of China's import volume; The also high year by year enterprise of the import price of iron ore, severe inhibition the sound development of iron and steel and other downstream industry.Also there is similar situation in the import market of large metals resources such as copper, zinc, nickel, manganese, aluminium.
Meanwhile; Hole, mine internal drainage, mill tailings draining, waste rock pile drench industries such as immersion, non-ferrous metals smelting works' dedusting draining, Non-ferrous Metals Processing Factory's acid washing water, Electroplate Factory's plating piece washing water, Iron And Steel Plant's pickling draining, percolate, rainwash and electrolysis, agricultural chemicals, medicine, paint, pigment and need discharge trade effluent to surrounding enviroment again, wherein often contain heavy metals such as the higher copper of concentration, lead, zinc, iron, nickel, vanadium, niobium, titanium, cadmium, manganese, tin, mercury, tungsten, aluminium, gold and silver.If these heavy metal wastewater therebies just are discharged into physical environment without effective processing, are easy to enrichment in vivo, and produce scale effect, finally to being in the vertical human health threat that constitutes of food chain along food chain.Heavy metal contamination has following characteristic:
(1) strong toxicity.Generally, heavy metal concentration is at 1.0～10mg L
-1The time, get final product toxigenicity; The mercury that toxicity is stronger, cadmium etc. are at 0.001～0.1mg L
-1The time have a toxic action.
(2) difficult degradation.Heavy metal can not be degraded, and can only keep stability or reduce toxicity through changing its valency and classes of compounds; But under action of microorganisms, also possibly be converted into the stronger organic cpds of toxicity, in natural water body, can be the stronger Methylquecksilber of toxicity like inorganic mercury by microbial transformation.
(3) be prone to enrichment.Heavy metal can be along food chain, and thousands of times of ground are in the organism enrichment, thereby in human organ, accumulates easily, causes poisoning.For example, but 1000 times of fresh-water fishes enrichment mercury, 3000 times of cadmiums, 330 times of arsenic, 200 times of chromium etc.; Algae can reach 4000 times of 1000 times, chromium to the enrichment of mercury.
(4) toxicity is of a specified duration.Heavy metal gets into after the organism; Do not exist with the ionic form; But with body in organic composition (protein, nucleic acid, VITAMINs, hormone etc.) be combined into metal complex or inner complex, these metal complexs or inner complex be difficult for to be discharged in vivo, thereby have long-term toxic effect.
Therefore, how effectively to handle heavy metal pollution of water body and reclaim metals resources, become one of outstanding problem that current environment protection work faces.The method of handling heavy metal wastewater thereby mainly contains chemical precipitation, redox, electrolysis, IX, membrane sepn, evaporation concentration, air supporting etc.; These methods are expected to obtain treatment effect preferably; But the ubiquity secondary pollution is heavy, processing cost is high, application scale is little, to shortcomings such as low-concentration heavy metal poor processing effect, thereby be difficult to realize aborning that mass-producing uses.
Summary of the invention
To the defective in the above-mentioned field; The present invention provides a kind of appliable plant method that biomass combined sorbent material is removed the water body weight metal; Adopt the heavy metal in the biodegradable biological material absorption sewage; Can make heavy metal comprehensively the rate of removing reach more than 80%, simultaneously the biomass after the utilization of waste material become a kind of biomass mineral resources, the heavy metal in the absorption artifact matter equally can recycling.
The method that the biomass combined sorbent material of appliable plant is removed the water body weight metal; It is characterized in that: compound adsorbent is put into adsorb in the water body that contains heavy metal and removed heavy metal; Again compound adsorbent is separated with water body and get final product; The composition of said compound adsorbent and weight percentage thereof are: Chinese chestnut pericarp 10%-50%, paddy rice over-ground part biomass 20%-80%, cattail over-ground part biomass 5%-70%.
Preferably: Chinese chestnut pericarp 10%-30%, paddy rice over-ground part biomass 30%-80%, cattail over-ground part biomass 5%-50%.
The mass ratio of said compound adsorbent and water body is 1: 100～1: 200.
The process of said absorption is carried out (room temperature or field) under 20 ℃～35 ℃ conditions of temperature, and constantly stirring or concussion (speed≤150rpm).
Said adsorption process is 0.5-3 hour or following.
Said compound adsorbent is powdery or granule, the about 0.1mm-0.5mm of particle diameter.
Said isolating mode is for filtering.
Said method comprises that also with the compound adsorbent recovery heavy metal step after separating, said recovery is that ash content was water-soluble, carries out electrolysis, on electrode, collects heavy metal after compound adsorbent was burned.
To the removal of the water body copper (Cu) of middle and high concentration, zinc (Zn), plumbous (Pb), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), aluminium (Al), gold (Au), silver (Ag) pollutent, the sorbing material---Chinese chestnut pericarp, paddy rice over-ground part biomass (rice straw), the cattail over-ground part plant biomass that at first optimize with low cost, wide material sources, heavy metal had special adsorptive power.
The research report is arranged, and the Chinese chestnut endothelium can absorb lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), the cadmium (Cd) in the acidic bodies of water, but does not mention for other metals ion.
And in the planting process of paddy rice the effect different to being adsorbed with of heavy metal; Because what we were edible at ordinary times is seed, therefore studying maximum is the absorption situation of heavy metal in the seed, also is not quite similar for the absorption of each organ of plant; Topmost above-mentioned research all is to the absorption of heavy metal to live body paddy rice in the planting process; And for the paddy rice bar or the leaf of non-activity, rice tangerine promptly of the present invention removes to adsorb heavy metal, does not mention in prior art.
There are some researches show; Common cattail has stronger adsorptive power to plumbous zinc ore waste water; But this common cattail also is a kind of organism of work; What the present invention adopted is cattail over-ground part biomass, is the biomass that do not have vitality that do not have root, also is not mentioned to the adsorption of these over-ground part biomass to heavy metal in the prior art.
The present invention with above-mentioned three kinds of combinations of materials together; Cooperate according to a certain percentage and form compound adsorbent; Can all have adsorption preferably to 11 metal ion species in the copper in the waste water, zinc, lead, nickel, manganese, cadmium, chromium, mercury, aluminium, the gold and silver, the plant biomass compound adsorbent not only efficiently adsorbs the water body weight metal of high density (at concentration＞100mg L
-1Under the condition, heavy metal removing rate can reach 95% or more than), and adsorption effect is also arranged preferably (in concentration between 30～100mg L for the water body weight metal of middle concentration
-1Under the condition, heavy metal removing rate be expected to reach about 80～90% or more than), and absorption after its heavy metal content of compound adsorbent reached deposit industrial index, become high-quality " biomass mineral resources ".
Compound adsorbent of the present invention can adopt stirring when contacting with water body, the mode of concussion makes their thorough mixing, strengthens adsorptive power, reduces to reach the time of completely saturated adsorbed state.
After the absorption, have the biomass combined sorbent material that " mineral resources " be worth and can concentrate burning, the heat of release can be used for heating, generating etc.; Ash content after the burning is water-soluble, carries out electrolysis, the metals resources of promptly recyclable absorption on it.
The present invention has following advantage:
1. suitability is strong, broken through single sorbing material to some metal adsorption efficient the high and defective low to all the other adsorption efficiencies.
2. purifying water effect is good, adds the heavy metal contamination that a small amount of sorbent material (about 1: 100～1: 200 of mass concentration ratio) gets final product centering, high density and reaches adsorption effect preferably.The plant biomass compound adsorbent not only efficiently adsorbs the water body weight metal of high density (at concentration＞100mg L
-1Under the condition, heavy metal removing rate can reach 95% or more than), and adsorption effect is also arranged preferably (in concentration between 30～100mg L for the water body weight metal of middle concentration
-1Under the condition, heavy metal removing rate be expected to reach about 80～90% or more than).
3. economic worth is high, and it is easy to reclaim metals resources.After absorption, 1～2% or above (during the compound heavy metal contamination of adsorbed water body, single metal content about 0.1～0.5% or more than), meet or exceed corresponding commercial mining grade basically at metal content in the compound adsorbent.Adsorb later compound adsorbent and can collect, concentrate and burn, the heat of release heats, generates electricity; Ash content after the burning dissolves water, electrolysis, the metals resources of promptly recyclable absorption on it.
Compare with above-mentioned traditional method, biosorption process has efficient cheapness, be swift in response, adapt to the pH value and TR wide, adsorption selectivity is strong, centering low concentration wastewater (heavy metal mass concentration 1～100mg L
-1) high treating effect, thereby become a kind of economical and efficient, practicable process for treating heavy-metal waste water.
Embodiment
Through embodiment the present invention is done further explain below.
Embodiment 1
Be 20mg L at Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg, Al, Au, Ag content
-1Compound heavy metal contamination solution in, add by 1: 100 mass concentration ratio that (compound adsorbent that the quality share constitutes at 20%: 40%: 40% is at 25 ℃, 150r min according to optimization of C by Chinese chestnut pericarp, straw, cattail
-1Condition under shake 3h.As a result, this prescription is realized efficient absorption to compound heavy metal contamination, and clearance reaches more than 90%, total metal contents in soil about 1.5%～2% or above (wherein the content of metals such as Cu, Zn, Ni reaches 0.2%～0.5%) in the sorbent material.
With reference to " copper, lead, zinc, silver, nickel, molybdenum ore geologic prospect standard (DZ/T 0214-2002) "---appendix G " rule and reference index that mineral deposit industry bid is formulated "; The cut-off grade and the minimum economic ore grade (massfraction) of copper are respectively 0.2%～0.3%, 0.4%～0.5% in " copper deposit industrial index general requirement " regulation sulfide ore; The cut-off grade and the minimum economic ore grade (massfraction) of zinc are respectively 0.5%～1%, 1%～2% in " lead-zinc deposit industrial index general requirement " regulation sulfide ore; The cut-off grade and the minimum economic ore grade (massfraction) of nickel are respectively 0.2%～0.3%, 0.3%～0.5% in " nickel ore deposit industrial index general requirement " regulation nickel sulfide ore primary ore, and " silver deposit industrial index general requirement " regulation cut-off grade and minimum economic ore grade (massfraction) are respectively 40g/t～50g/t, 80g/t～100g/t.In view of the above; During the compound heavy metal of compound bio material adsorbed water body; Single metal content is expected approaching or reaches border content separately; Total metal contents in soil reaches the commercial exploitation standard, advantage such as itself have in addition that physical hardness is low, " exploitation (gather, transport) " easy, thereby have " biomass mineral resources " and be worth.
Embodiment 2
At Cd content is 50mg L
-1Single heavy metal contamination solution in, add the compound adsorbent that constitutes according to optimization of C (20%: 72%: 8%) by Chinese chestnut pericarp, straw, cattail by 1: 200 mass concentration ratio, at 25 ℃, 100r min
-1Condition under shake 0.5h.As a result, this prescription is realized efficient absorption to cadmium, clearance reach 80～90% or more than, cadmium content reaches more than 0.09% in the matrix material.
Cadmium (Cd) be a kind of in the earth's crust dispersed elements class mineral of low levels, high dispersing, be difficult for forming independent deposit.The chemical property of Cd is similar with Zn aspect a lot, and both have similar geochemical behavior at occurring in nature---and cadmium often is the isomorph tax and is stored in the zink sulphide (major ingredient is ZnS), thereby cadmium utilizes mainly as associated element exploitation in the plumbous zinc ore.With reference to " copper, lead, zinc, silver, nickel, molybdenum ore geologic prospect standard (DZ/T 0214-2002) "---appendix G " rule and reference index that mineral deposit industry bid is formulated ", the evaluation index of " lead-zinc deposit association useful component evaluation reference table " regulation Cd association component is that massfraction reaches 0.01%.At Chinese technique of preparing net (http://www.mining120.com), the requirement of the general industry of cadmium element is: in zinc ore and plumbous zinc ore ore, it is 0.002%～0.09% that Cd contains rate.After the absorption, cadmium element content surpasses 0.09% in the compound bio material, and itself have that physical hardness is low, advantage such as " exploitation (gather, transport) " easy, thereby become high-quality " biomass (cadmium) mineral resources ".
Claims (8)
1. the biomass combined sorbent material of the appliable plant method of removing the water body weight metal; It is characterized in that: compound adsorbent is put into adsorb in the water body that contains heavy metal and removed heavy metal; Again compound adsorbent is separated with water body and get final product; The composition of said compound adsorbent and weight percentage thereof are: Chinese chestnut pericarp 10%-50%, paddy rice over-ground part biomass 20%-80%, cattail over-ground part biomass 5%-70%.
2. the described method of claim 1, Chinese chestnut pericarp 10%-30% wherein, paddy rice over-ground part biomass 30%-80%, cattail over-ground part biomass 5%-50%.
3. the described method of claim 1, the mass ratio of said compound adsorbent and water body is 1: 100～1: 200.
4. the described method of claim 1, the process of said absorption is carried out under 20 ℃～35 ℃ conditions of temperature, and constantly stirs or concussion.
5. the described method of claim 1, said adsorption process is 0.5-3 hour.
6. the described method of claim 1, said compound adsorbent is powdery or granule, the about 0.1mm-0.5mm of particle diameter.
7. the described method of claim 1, said isolating mode is for filtering.
8. the described method of claim 1, said method comprise also the compound adsorbent after separating are reclaimed the heavy metal step that said recovery is that ash content was water-soluble, carries out electrolysis, on electrode, collects heavy metal after compound adsorbent was burned.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN102935353A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-02-20 | 河北农业大学 | Adsorption of modified Chinese chestnut inner husks for lead ions in sewage |
| CN103145209A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-06-12 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for treating cobalt-containing wastewater by using sodium hydroxide modified pig bones |
| CN104891583A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2015-09-09 | 上海市南洋模范中学 | Dynamic apparatus for rapidly purifying low concentration of lead-containing sewage by using biomass material |
| CN104891596A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2015-09-09 | 上海市南洋模范中学 | Static device for rapid purification of low-concentration lead-containing wastewater by utilizing biomass material |
| CN105923660A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-09-07 | 合肥学院 | Treatment method of tailings slurry |
| CN106219796A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-12-14 | 东莞市美尊能源科技有限公司 | Electroplating wastewater treatment process |
| CN107262518A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-10-20 | 常州建轩纺织品有限公司 | A kind of restorative procedure of heavy metal cadmium soil |
| CN107511126A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-26 | 欧诗漫生物股份有限公司 | Shell powder is used to prepare the application in heavy metal absorbent |
| CN110028125A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-19 | 郑州大学 | A method of water body intermediate ion state organic matter is separated by carrier adsorption of waste residue source nanoparticle |
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| CN107262518A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-10-20 | 常州建轩纺织品有限公司 | A kind of restorative procedure of heavy metal cadmium soil |
| CN107511126A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-26 | 欧诗漫生物股份有限公司 | Shell powder is used to prepare the application in heavy metal absorbent |
| CN110028125A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-19 | 郑州大学 | A method of water body intermediate ion state organic matter is separated by carrier adsorption of waste residue source nanoparticle |
| CN110028125B (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2021-10-29 | 郑州大学 | Method for adsorbing and separating ionic organic matters in water body by using waste residue source nanoparticles as carriers |
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Application publication date: 20120718 |