CN102581109B - Method for manufacturing non-smooth surface of organism and device - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing non-smooth surface of organism and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102581109B CN102581109B CN201210081116.3A CN201210081116A CN102581109B CN 102581109 B CN102581109 B CN 102581109B CN 201210081116 A CN201210081116 A CN 201210081116A CN 102581109 B CN102581109 B CN 102581109B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 'method for manufacturing a non-smooth surface of an organism and a device', relates to the field of laser processing, and particularly relates to an auxiliary manufacturing method for laser shock plastic forming under the condition of dynamic strain aging temperature and a device. The scheme includes that a manufactured mold with a specific shape is placed on a space between the surface of a metal workpiece and an absorption layer required by laser shock, and is heated in a vacuum heating box until the dynamic strain aging temperature is reached; a laser beam irradiates on the absorption layer, powerful shock force is generated, the surface of a part of the metal workpiece plastically deforms under the joint effect of the shock force and heating of a substrate, and patterns opposite to those of the mold are formed as a result of plastic deformation jointly generated by the laser shock and the heating of the substrate of the metal workpiece.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of laser processing, refer in particular to a kind of method and apparatus of the auxiliary preparation of laser-impact Plastic Forming under dynamic strain aging temperature conditions, be applicable to laser-impact surface of workpiece shaping processing and non-smooth surface of organism preparation field.
Background technology
Modern industry and science and technology require the future development of machine to long service life, good reliability; Have in the world at present 1/3 ~ 1/2 the energy be with various forms of fretting wear consumption in the process of all kinds of mechanical transfer energy, and various machine components because of wear out failure also account for the over half of whole inefficacy parts, be therefore necessary very much to rub and save the energy and reduce the wastage by improvement.
Non-smooth surface of organism has the performance of rub resistance wearing and tearing, in evolution struggle for existence process, develop the surface texture of the excellent tribology characteristic of coming by postgraduate's object, the surface topography of wearing part is prepared to non-smooth surface of organism, thereby reach the object that improves anti-wear performance; The wearing and tearing self diagnostic capability of living things system, always by people are paid attention to, produces callus as the contact site branch of palm because of friction, reaches wear-resistant object; Same plant, in the evolution of growth, has also formed many Surface Textures with excellent tribology characteristic, as the wild phase structure of bamboo, and the anti-texture etc. of sticking in the lip limit of common nepenthes.
First the researcher of Jilin University proposes the wear-resisting theory of Biologic nonsmoothed concept and Biologic nonsmoothed at home, finds that the abrasive wear behavior of bamboo wood and pangolin scale has obvious directionality, and wear surface is obvious non-smooth morphology; Some marine organisms is found as the research of the non-smooth morphology of sandy beach shell surface, and they play an important role to bearing washing away of seawater, and the non-smooth pattern of the dental surface of animal is also more typical example.There is important practical value so improve the anti-wear performance of material by preparing non-smooth surface of organism form.
Patent " a kind of preparation facilities of metal works the non-smooth surface of organism " (applying date: 2006.3.24, application number: 200610016699.6) produce non-smooth surface of organism by the method for laser-impact moulding at surface of workpiece, do not describe the process of laser manufacture non-smooth surface of organism in detail; Patent " a kind of method and apparatus of the compositely preparing surface-layer biomimetic structure by laser " (applying date: 2009.6.12, application number: 200910033454.8) with laser-engraving technique and reiforcing laser impact technology processing non-smooth surface of organism, its concise and to the point process is, utilize the texture of optical fiber laser at surface of workpiece carve non-smooth surface of organism, carry out laser impact intensified with YAG laser instrument to it again, object is the tension producing due to laser thermal effect in order to eliminate surface, cause surperficial hardness to improve, finally increase the service life; But this processing method has the deficiency of several aspects, first, laser engraving is to utilize laser thermal effect to remove piece surface material, rapidoprint is the fusing of moment and the physical modification of gasification under Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation, reach the object of processing, high temperature has changed the institutional framework of indentation both sides and has produced tension, makes its hydraulic performance decline; Recycle laser impact intensified surface, object is to make up surperficial performance, eliminate tension, but laser-impact also can cause surface of workpiece plastic deformation, the shape of meeting slight modification texture; The second, first laser engraving is laser impact intensified is again compound processing course, its technical process relative complex.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide that a kind of laser-impact produces that plastic deformation causes under dynamic strain aging temperature conditions prepares the method and apparatus of Biologic nonsmoothed structure at surface of workpiece, utilize laser-impact to cause mechanism and the corresponding mould of surface plastic deformation, form specific planform at surface of workpiece.
The scheme that the present invention adopts is, first utilize foundry engieering to produce the mould of the given shape of the regular micro-geometrical structure with certain density, width, the degree of depth and angle shape, then the mould of the given shape of preparation is placed between the required absorbed layer of surface of workpiece and laser-impact, in heating in vacuum case and by metal works, is heated to dynamic strain aging temperature; Laser beam irradiation is on absorbed layer, produce powerful impulsive force, under the acting in conjunction of impulsive force and matrix heating, cause part metals surface of the work to produce plastic deformation, forming the pattern contrary with mould, is laser-impact and the common result that produces plastic deformation of metal works matrix heating.
The invention is at dynamic time effect temperature, utilize laser-impact metal to produce plastic deformation at its surface orientation (location), according to the shape of manufacturing mould, laser impact intensified effect causes the metal material surface not covered by mould to produce plastic deformation, and there is not plastic deformation in the metal surface covering under mould, this method can produce in metal surface the pattern compared with complicated shape, meets in engineering required compared with the situation of complex surface texture.
Implementing the device of the method comprises computer control system, laser instrument, is used for laser beam to carry out beam splitting system, vacuum tank, surface profile monitoring device and the five-axle linkage workbench of beam splitting, vacuum tank is positioned on five axle workbench, vacuum tank top is provided with vacuum tank window, vacuum tank inside is provided with heating system, metal works and is fixed on vacuum tank internal base for temperature measuring equipment, the metal works of measuring metal works temperature, on metal works, be provided with successively restraint layer, the mould of given shape, absorbed layer; With refractory seals glue by absorbed layer and metal works seals and use workpiece special fixture to fix; Surface profile monitoring device is arranged on vacuum tank window top; Computer control system control laser instrument, heating system, surface profile monitoring device and five axle shaft coupling workbench.
Laser parameter scope of the present invention is: pulsewidth 8-30 ns, and repetition rate is 1-100 Hz, and pulse energy is 1-20 J, and spot size is 1-5 mm.
The preparation facilities of described a kind of non-smooth surface of organism, is characterized in that: described absorbed layer can be the aluminium foil of Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, and its thickness is 0.3 mm, and described restraint layer adopts 710 type high-temperature silicon oil, and thickness is 1-2mm.
The preparation facilities of described a kind of non-smooth surface of organism, it is characterized in that: beam splitting system is to utilize the various combination mode of total reflective mirror and semi-reflective mirror, by single beam laser beam splitting, form multiple laser and act on material surface simultaneously, advantage is to increase substantially working (machining) efficiency.
Described beam splitting system is made up of semi-reflective mirror and four convex lens of four total reflective mirrors, three 50% reflectivity; The laser beam being sent by laser instrument changes optical path direction by the first total reflective mirror, there are 90 ° of refractions, then pass through the first semi-reflective mirror by laser beam beam splitting, its energy is respectively 50% of former laser energy, there are 90 ° of refractions by the second total reflective mirror again in the laser beam through the first semi-reflective mirror, parallel light beam 1 and light beam 2 are respectively through the second semi-reflective mirror and the 3rd semi-reflective mirror divided beams and the 3rd total reflective mirror and the reflection of the 4th total reflective mirror, produce four beam splitting laser, finally act on surface of workpiece by four sides convex lens; By the permutation and combination of this order, reach beam splitting effect, target efficiency can improve four times; Change the spacing between beam splitting laser by mobile semi-reflective mirror; Control convex lens move, and change the distance between convex lens and metal works, thereby change the size of laser facula.
According to the pattern of desired process time and non-smooth surface, can also design the quantity of beam splitting laser, can increase substantially working (machining) efficiency, this routine beam splitting system separates four bundle laser, can cause beam splitting laser energy consistent through the semi-reflective mirror that calculates employing 50%; According to the quantity of beam splitting laser, select the transmissivity of semi-reflective mirror.Computing formula is as follows:
R is the transmissivity of semi-reflective mirror; N is the semi-reflective mirror quantity after this semi-reflective mirror.
Under the prerequisite not being destroyed due to the effect of laser-impact, the minimum size of differentiating of mould pattern of given shape is in micron dimension, and the hardness of the mould of given shape exceedes the hardness of metal works, and the mould of given shape is placed between surface of workpiece and the required absorbed layer of laser-impact.
The feature of patent of the present invention is also metal works to bring up to dynamic strain aging temperature, improves the dislocation activity of metal works inside, thereby guarantees in the time of laser-impact surface of workpiece, can make the depth of pattern of the non-smooth surface of organism of preparing darker.
The feature of patent of the present invention be also computer control system can parallel control laser instrument, five-axle linkage workbench, can control the relative position of surface of workpiece processing stand and laser beam, programme and realize the processing of non-smooth surface of organism pattern with laser technical parameters at surface of workpiece by computer control system.
The non-smooth surface of organism preparation method concrete steps of laser-impact and heating of metal workpiece are as follows:
(1) according to the requirement of non-smooth surface of organism pattern, produce the mould of given shape, be placed on metal works finished surface, then above this mould, adhere to one deck absorbed layer, edge refractory seals rubber belt sealing, is placed in vacuum tank by metal works to be impacted, injection-constraint layer; Utilize the heating system in computer control system control vacuum tank, to internal environment heating in vacuum tank, by observed temperature table control the temperature inside the box, metal works is heated to dynamic time effect temperature.
(2) according to the size of shape in non-smooth surface of organism die, laser technical parameters is set, finally can cause the whole die of laser action surface, laser blast wave can act directly on test button surface through the space in die, cause by shock zone generation plastic deformation, finally form and the concavo-convex contrary pattern of mould at surface of workpiece; Move by controlling five axle workbench control metal works, by region partition machining, until whole surface of workpiece machines.
(3) by surface profile monitoring device reponse system, measure the deflection on surface in impact process, information is fed back to computer control system; Computer Analysis feedack, regulates laser-impact technological parameter, gives each control system by instruction feedback.
The present invention has following advantage:
(1) the auxiliary non-smooth surface of organism preparation method of laser-impact at dynamic strain aging temperature, what utilization generation plastic deformation caused prepares Biologic nonsmoothed structure at surface of workpiece, in whole manufacture process, the impulsive force of laser-impact induction, as the power source of impression and plastic deformation, is laser-impact produces plastic deformation result at surface of workpiece.
(2) beam splitting system can be divided into multi beam by single beam laser, and can regulate the parameter such as distance, spot radius between light beam, increases substantially working (machining) efficiency.
(3) metal works is heated to dynamic strain aging temperature, recycling laser impacts it, and the solute atoms occurring in dynamic strain aging and interaction of dislocation form and be uniformly distributed, highdensity dislocation configuration, and the intensity of material is improved; And dynamic strain aging temperature can make depth of indentation darker, and repeatedly laser-impact can be deepened the depth of pattern of non-smooth surface of organism.
(4) the shock wave reinforced metal surface of the work that directly utilizes laser-impact to produce, can increase substantially residual stress and the hardness of material surface, thereby directly increase its wearability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the pattern after mould and surface impacts are shaped;
Fig. 2 is the impact order of laser after beam splitting system beam splitting;
Fig. 3 is the microscopic appearance after wearing and tearing;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that laser impact forming is prepared non-smooth surface of organism mechanism arrangement;
Fig. 5 is the set-up dirgram of metal works before impact forging;
Fig. 6 is the stress envelope in impact forging region;
Fig. 7 is the distribution of semi-reflective mirror in beam splitting system and total reflective mirror;
In figure, 1 computer control system, 2 laser instruments, 3 heating systems, 4 surface profile monitoring devices, 5 laser beams, 6 beam splitting systems, 7 beam splitting laser, 8 vacuum tank windows, 9 metal works, 10 temperature measuring equipments, 11 vacuum tanks, 12 thermal insulation layers, 13 fixtures, 14 bases, 15 five-axle linkage workbench, 16 workpiece special fixtures, 17 sealant tapes, 18 absorbed layers, 19 moulds, 21 restraint layers.
The specific embodiment
Describe details and the working condition of the concrete device of the present invention's proposition in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Carry out device prepared by the non-smooth surface of organism of laser-impact and heating of metal workpiece with the present invention and comprise computer control system 1, laser instrument 2, be used for laser beam to carry out the beam splitting system 6 of beam splitting, vacuum tank 11, surface profile monitoring device 4 and five axle shaft coupling workbench 15, vacuum tank 11 is positioned on five axle workbench 15, the top of vacuum tank 11 is provided with vacuum tank window 8, vacuum tank 11 inside are provided with heating system 3, metal works 9 and for measuring the temperature measuring equipment 10 of metal works temperature, metal works 9 is fixed on the base 14 of vacuum tank 11 inside, on metal works 9, be provided with successively absorbed layer 18, the mould 19 of given shape and restraint layer 21 are also fixing with workpiece special fixture 16, absorbed layer 18 and metal works 9 are sealed with refractory seals adhesive tape 17, surface profile monitoring device 4 is arranged on vacuum tank window 8 tops, computer control system 1 is controlled laser instrument 2, heating system 3, surface profile monitoring device 4 and five axle shaft coupling workbench 15.
Prepare metal works according to above-mentioned method, place successively mould 19 and the absorbed layer aluminium foil 18 of given shape in metal works 9 surfaces, with refractory seals adhesive tape 17, absorbed layer 18 and metal works 9 are sealed again, open vacuum tank window 8, by metal works 9 clampings on the workpiece special fixture 16 being fixed in vacuum tank 11, with workpiece special fixture 16 clamping molds 19 and metal works 9, again vacuum tank 11 is fixed on five-axle linkage workbench 15, control five axle workbench 15 Mobile vacuum casees 11 by computer control system 1, to interior note 710 high-temperature silicon oil of vacuum tank 11, to the 1-2 mm of liquid level higher than absorbed layer 18, close vacuum tank window 8, utilize computer control system 1 to control the heating system in vacuum tank 11, to internal environment heating in vacuum tank 11, control the temperature inside the box by observed temperature table 10, metal works 9 is heated to dynamic time effect temperature.
Controlling laser generator 2 by computer control system 1, to send energy be the laser pulse of 8-30 ns in 12 J, duration, and control beam splitting system 6 by computer control system 1 and regulate spot size, semi-reflective mirror in beam splitting system 6 can move and control the distance between adjacent two light beams, by calculating the minimum diameter of hot spot, impact and can guarantee that shock zone is without blind spot thus; For example, the distance of controlling between two light beams is 8 mm, and hot spot least radius should be 2.83 mm; Monitor surface topography by surface profile monitoring device 4, and Monitoring Data is returned to computer control system 1, and control the movement of five-axle linkage workbench 15 by computer control system 1, adjust through the beam splitting laser 7 sending of beam splitting system 6 and the relative position of metal works 9; Computer control system 1 also can be determined according to the signal of Impact monitoring device 4 next step impact process.
embodiment
By observing dung beetle pit surface pattern and shell pit surface pattern, designing mould as shown in Figure 1; This mould adopts the lost-foam casting method in foundry engieering, according to the size in designing mould figure, adopt foamed plastics to carry out moulding, then after model surface is brushed fireproof coating and dried, be embedded in vibration molding in dry quartz sand, under negative pressure, pour into a mould, make bubbles model gasification, liquid metals occupies modal position, solidifies cooling rear formation foundry goods, makes imitative dung beetle pit surface mould.
The material that this example adopts is AISI 8620 steel, its dynamic time effect temperature is 350 ℃, adopt Fig. 4 system to prepare non-smooth surface at AISI 8620 steel specimen surfaces, AISI 8620 steel specimen surfaces are prepared as shown in Figure 5, are provided with successively imitative dung beetle pit surface mould, absorbed layer 3M aluminium foil on AISI 8620 steel samples; Adopting the high temperature resistant silicone oil of 710 type is restraint layer, guarantees that pasta exceeds AISI 8620 steel specimen surface 1-2 mm.
Prepare according to the method described above AISI 8620 steel samples to be impacted, to imitate dung beetle pit surface mould with workpiece special fixture and be fixed in vacuum tank, then, to note 710 high-temperature silicon oil in vacuum tank, treat that pasta is higher than absorbed layer aluminium foil 1-2 mm, close vacuum tank window, will in case, be evacuated to vacuum; Utilize computer control system control five-axle linkage movable workbench vacuum tank, enter shock zone; Utilize computer control system to start heating system, by the temperature in observed temperature table control vacuum tank; In the time that temperature reaches 350 ℃, heating system enters insulation pattern and maintains 350 ℃ of left and right to guarantee the temperature inside the box; Adopt laser instrument to carry out laser impact forming processing to AISI 8620 steel alloy specimen surfaces, sending energy by computer control system control laser generator is that 12 J, duration are the laser pulse of 8-30 ns, spot diameter is 3mm, this example adopts the combination beam splitting system shown in Fig. 7, and beam splitting system is made up of semi-reflective mirror and four convex lens of four total reflective mirrors, three 50% reflectivity; The laser beam being sent by laser instrument changes optical path direction by the first total reflective mirror, there are 90 ° of refractions, then pass through the first semi-reflective mirror by laser beam beam splitting, energy is respectively 50% of former laser energy, there are 90 ° of refractions by the second total reflective mirror again in the laser beam 2 through the first semi-reflective mirror, parallel light beam 1 and light beam 2 are respectively through the second semi-reflective mirror and the 3rd semi-reflective mirror divided beams and the second total reflective mirror and the reflection of the 3rd total reflective mirror excessively, produce four beam splitting laser, finally act on AISI 8620 steel alloy specimen surfaces by four sides convex lens; By changing the mobile spacing changing between beam splitting laser of semi-reflective mirror and total reflective mirror, control the size that convex lens move the distance change laser facula that changes convex lens and AISI 8620 steel alloy specimen surfaces, guarantee that shock zone is without blind spot, overlap joint impact order as shown in Figure 2, adopts this impact mode can guarantee that whole surface accepts laser-impact effect; At dynamic strain aging temperature, beam splitting laser sees through restraint layer irradiation and cause that the vaporization of absorbed layer, ionization form shock wave to absorbed layer, the space that superstrong shock wave sees through in the mould that covers AISI 8620 steel alloy specimen surfaces acts on AISI 8620 steel alloy specimen surfaces, be the plastic deformation of laser blast wave induction, obtain and the concavo-convex contrary pattern of mould; Move by controlling five-axle linkage workbench control AISI 8620 steel alloy samples, by region partition machining, until whole AISI 8620 steel alloy specimen surfaces machine.
Adopt Veeco surface profiler to measure nick hole depth and be about 12.7 um; As shown in Figure 3, the polishing scratch with bionic surface sample is more shallow, and there is darker polishing scratch on untreated samples surface, weares and teares comparatively serious; In wear process, the pit on this non-smooth surface of organism has oil storage function, can be in time to friction pair supply lubricating oil, guarantee that the oil film between friction pair forms, and can significantly reduce surface abrasion; Due to laser impact intensified effect, all there is larger residual compressive stress in non-smooth domain, as shown in Figure 6, adopt ABAQUS finite element analysis software to simulate non-smooth surface residual compressive stress value, the maximum residual stress value in laser-impact region is about 350 MPa, conforms to actual measurement; The condition that non-smooth surface possesses effectively reduces surface abrasion, improves the wearability of part.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method of a non-smooth surface of organism, it is characterized in that: the mould that first utilizes lost-foam casting method to produce to have the given shape of regular micro-geometrical structure, then the mould of the given shape of preparation is placed between the required absorbed layer of surface of workpiece and laser-impact, in heating in vacuum case and by metal works, is heated to dynamic strain aging temperature; Laser beam irradiation, on absorbed layer, produces powerful impulsive force, under the acting in conjunction of impulsive force and matrix heating, causes part metals surface of the work to produce plastic deformation, forms the pattern contrary with mould.
2. the preparation method of a kind of non-smooth surface of organism as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
According to the requirement of non-smooth surface of organism pattern, produce the mould of given shape, be placed on metal works finished surface, then above this mould, adhere to one deck absorbed layer, edge refractory seals rubber belt sealing, is placed in vacuum tank by metal works to be impacted, injection-constraint layer; Utilize the heating system in computer control system control vacuum tank, to internal environment heating in vacuum tank, by observed temperature table control the temperature inside the box, metal works is heated to dynamic time effect temperature;
According to the size of shape in non-smooth surface of organism die, laser technical parameters is set, finally can cause the whole die of laser action surface, laser blast wave can act directly on test button surface through the space in die, cause by shock zone generation plastic deformation, finally form and the concavo-convex contrary pattern of mould at surface of workpiece; Move by controlling five axle workbench control metal works, by region partition machining, until whole surface of workpiece machines;
By surface profile monitoring device reponse system, measure the deflection on surface in impact process, information is fed back to computer control system; Computer Analysis feedack, regulates laser-impact technological parameter, gives each control system by instruction feedback.
3. the preparation method of a kind of non-smooth surface of organism as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described laser parameter scope is: pulsewidth 8-30 ns, and repetition rate is 1-100 Hz, and pulse energy is 1-20 J, and spot size is 1-5 mm.
4. the preparation method of a kind of non-smooth surface of organism as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the aluminium foil that described absorbed layer is Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, and its thickness is 0.3 mm, and described restraint layer adopts 710 type high-temperature silicon oil, and thickness is 1-2mm.
5. the preparation facilities of a non-smooth surface of organism, it is characterized in that: described device comprises computer control system, laser instrument, be used for laser beam to carry out the beam splitting system of beam splitting, vacuum tank, surface profile monitoring device and five-axle linkage workbench, vacuum tank is positioned on five axle workbench, vacuum tank top is provided with vacuum tank window, vacuum tank inside is provided with heating system, metal works and for measuring the temperature measuring equipment of metal works temperature, metal works is fixed in vacuum tank internal base, on metal works, be provided with successively the mould of given shape, absorbed layer, restraint layer, with refractory seals glue by absorbed layer and metal works seals and use workpiece special fixture to fix, surface profile monitoring device is arranged on vacuum tank window top, computer control system control laser instrument, heating system, surface profile monitoring device and five axle shaft coupling workbench.
6. the preparation facilities of a kind of non-smooth surface of organism as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: described beam splitting system is made up of semi-reflective mirror and four convex lens of four total reflective mirrors, three 50% reflectivity; The laser beam being sent by laser instrument changes optical path direction by the first total reflective mirror, there are 90 ° of refractions, then pass through the first semi-reflective mirror by laser beam beam splitting, its energy is respectively 50% of former laser energy, there are 90 ° of refractions by the second total reflective mirror again in the laser beam through the first semi-reflective mirror, parallel light beam 1 and light beam 2 are respectively through the second semi-reflective mirror and the 3rd semi-reflective mirror divided beams and the 3rd total reflective mirror and the reflection of the 4th total reflective mirror, produce four beam splitting laser, finally act on surface of workpiece by four sides convex lens; By the permutation and combination of this order, reach beam splitting effect, target efficiency can improve four times; Change the spacing between beam splitting laser by mobile semi-reflective mirror; Control convex lens move, and change the distance between convex lens and metal works, thereby change the size of laser facula.
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