CN102580716A - Method for synthesizing zinc oxide/graphene composite by solvothermal method - Google Patents
Method for synthesizing zinc oxide/graphene composite by solvothermal method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for synthesizing a zinc oxide/graphene composite by a solvothermal method, relating to the preparation method of the zinc oxide/graphene composite. The invention aims to solve the following problems in the existing methods for synthesizing the zinc oxide/graphene composites: the methods are more tedious, have poor repeatability and are difficult to realize industrialization; and the obtained zinc oxide/graphene composites have poor dimensional homogeneity. The method comprises the following steps of: 1. mixing graphite oxide, a solvent and a zinc source to obtain a mixed solution; and 2. treating the mixed solution by a solvothermal treatment method and finally vacuum-drying the mixed solution, thus obtaining the zinc oxide/graphene composite. The method has the following advantages that 1. the energy consumption is low and the production cost is lowered; 2. the method is safe to operate; 3. the repeatability is good and the synthesis method is simple; 4. zinc oxide with small dimension is uniformly distributed on graphene and the dimension of the zinc oxide/graphene composite is controllable; and 5. the zinc oxide/graphene composite has excellent photocatalysis. The method is mainly used for preparing the zinc oxide/graphene composite.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of zinc oxide/graphene composite material.
Background technology
Zinc oxide/graphene composite material has the advantage of zinc oxide and Graphene.Zinc oxide has excellent electricity, and the optics chemical property makes it at photoelectricity, solar cell, and an emission, fields such as air-sensitive have application prospect.Graphene, the two-dimensional structure of then being made up of carbon atom is a zero gap semiconductor, makes it have excellent optics, transparency, mechanical elasticity, heat endurance, performances such as chemical stability.Especially the pi-electron in Graphene makes it on two-dimensional directional, have excellent electricity conductive performance just as the Di Lake particle of relative no quality.
The research that made up zinc oxide/graphene composite material field is in the last few years more and more paid attention to; Wherein relatively more classical synthetic method be at first in substrate the growth Graphene utilize the excusing from death spray pyrolysis then, electrochemical deposition and hydro-thermal such as synthesize at various means developing zinc oxide on Graphene.But this kind synthetic method, reactions step is many, and required instrument and equipment is complicated.And Haixin Chang etc. passed through Zinc oxide quantum dot is mixed with Graphene in " preparing the high ultraviolet sensitivity device of zinc oxide nano rod/Graphene based on a kind of process for thermosynthesizing of situ solvent easily "; Preparation Zinc oxide quantum dot/graphene film; Thereby original position hydrothermal growth zinc oxide nano rod has made the high ultraviolet sensitivity device of zinc oxide nano rod/Graphene then; (zinc oxide seed that will synthesize of this kind method is mixed with Graphene; Contrast zinc source and Graphene method of mixing, the method has reduced both effects of mutually combining, and continues and carries out the original position hydro-thermal again and cause the skewness of zinc oxide nano rod on Graphene that obtain).And Li Baojun is a raw material with graphite oxide and zinc acetate in " effectively removing the high-performance zinc oxide Graphene complex of dyestuff in the water ", uses naoh treatment to make zinc acetate become Zn (OH)
4 2-, both got zinc oxide/graphene composite material with the sodium borohydride reduction graphite oxide again.Adopt the NaOH alkali treatment in this kind synthetic method, accelerated the hydrolysis rate of zinc acetate, make the zinc oxide size heterogeneity that obtains.
In sum, that the method for existing synthesizing zinc oxide/graphene composite material exists is more loaded down with trivial details, poor repeatability, be difficult to realize industrialization, and the problem of the dimensional homogeneity difference of the zinc oxide/graphene composite material that obtains.
Summary of the invention
That the method that the present invention will solve existing synthesizing zinc oxide/graphene composite material exists is more loaded down with trivial details, poor repeatability, be difficult to realize industrialization; And the problem of the dimensional homogeneity difference of the zinc oxide/graphene composite material that obtains, and a kind of method of solvent-thermal method synthesizing zinc oxide/graphene composite material.
A kind of method of solvent-thermal method synthesizing zinc oxide/graphene composite material; Specifically be to accomplish according to the following steps: one, mixing: at first low whipping speed is under the condition of 100r/min～300r/mim graphite oxide to be scattered in the solvent; Add the zinc source then and mix, obtain mixed solution; Two, forming processes: the mixed solution that at first under 60 ℃～180 ℃ conditions, step 1 is obtained carries out solvent heat treatment 1h～16h; Adopt distilled water washing 2～4 times then; Vacuum drying 2h～8h under 60 ℃～80 ℃ conditions had both got zinc oxide/graphene composite material at last; The mass ratio of graphite oxide described in the step 1 and solvent is 1: (500～1500); The mass ratio in graphite oxide described in the step 1 and zinc source is 1: (1～20).
Advantage of the present invention: one, preparation flow of the present invention is simple, and the zinc source that the present invention adopts cheap with graphite oxide, be easy to buy with synthetic, operating process adopts solvent thermal to synthesize, it is low to consume energy, and reduces production costs; Two, the present invention is controlled at reaction temperature below 200 ℃, has guaranteed security; Three, favorable reproducibility of the present invention, and synthetic method is simple, therefore can be used for large-scale production; Four, adopt the zinc oxide/graphene composite material of scanning electron microscopic observation the present invention preparation can see that undersized zinc oxide distributes uniformly on Graphene; The present invention realizes when reaching reaction temperature with reaction zinc oxide/graphene composite material size regulation and control through control employed solvent, zinc source and zinc source and graphite oxide ratio; Five, the zinc oxide/graphene composite material of the present invention's preparation is that light induced electron and the hole that pure zinc oxide produces in photocatalytic process is easy to compound; Suppressed its photocatalysis performance; Graphene can be used as effective electron carrier; Thereby promoted separating of light induced electron and hole, improved photocatalytic activity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is 25000 times of TEM figure of test one preparation zinc oxide/graphene composite material; Fig. 2 is 110000 times of TEM figure of test one preparation zinc oxide/graphene composite material.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: this embodiment is a kind of method of solvent-thermal method synthesizing zinc oxide/graphene composite material, specifically is to accomplish according to the following steps:
One, mixing: at first low whipping speed is under the condition of 100r/min～300r/mim graphite oxide to be scattered in the solvent, adds the zinc source then and mixes, and obtains mixed solution; Two, forming processes: the mixed solution that at first under 60 ℃～180 ℃ conditions, step 1 is obtained carries out solvent heat treatment 1h～16h; Adopt distilled water washing 2～4 times then; Vacuum drying 2h～8h under 60 ℃～80 ℃ conditions had both got zinc oxide/graphene composite material at last.
The mass ratio of graphite oxide described in this embodiment step 1 and solvent is 1: (500～1500).
The mass ratio in graphite oxide described in this embodiment step 1 and zinc source is 1: (1～20).
In this embodiment process, at first carry out the stirring that mixes of zinc source and graphite oxide; Because graphite oxide surface negative electricity function group fully can take place to interact effectively with zinc ion; Continuous and carry out solvent thermal reaction again, in course of reaction, graphite oxide is reduced into Graphene in the high-temperature solvent heat treatment process; Hydrolysis can take place and original position generation zinc oxide in zinc source slowly in solvent (ethanol etc.) simultaneously, finally obtains zinc oxide/graphene composite material.
This embodiment preparation flow is simple, and the zinc source that the present invention adopts cheap with graphite oxide, be easy to buy with synthetic, operating process adopts solvent thermal to synthesize, it is low to consume energy, and reduces production costs.
This embodiment is controlled at reaction temperature below 200 ℃, has guaranteed security.
The favorable reproducibility of this embodiment, and synthetic method is simple, therefore can be used for large-scale production.
This embodiment is realized when reaching reaction temperature with reaction zinc oxide/graphene composite material size regulation and control through control employed solvent, zinc source and zinc source and graphite oxide ratio.
Zinc oxide/the graphene composite material of this embodiment preparation is that light induced electron and the hole that pure zinc oxide produces in photocatalytic process is easy to compound; Suppressed its photocatalysis performance; Graphene can be used as effective electron carrier; Thereby promoted separating of light induced electron and hole, improved photocatalytic activity.
The specific embodiment two: this embodiment with the difference of the specific embodiment one is: the solvent described in the step 1 is ethanol, ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: this embodiment with one of the specific embodiment one or two difference is: the zinc source described in the step 1 is Zn (Ac)
2, ZnCl
2Or Zn (NO
3)
2Other is identical with the specific embodiment one or two.
The specific embodiment four: this embodiment with one of the specific embodiment one to three difference is: the described graphite oxide of step 1 is to adopt the Hummer method to be prepared from; Concrete steps are following: 1. at first native graphite and sodium nitrate are added in the concentrated sulfuric acid; And low whipping speed is that 100r/min～300r/mim, temperature are-1 ℃～1 ℃ adding potassium permanganate down; Then temperature is warming up to 34 ℃～36 ℃ from-1 ℃～1 ℃; And low whipping speed is that 100r/min～300r/mim, temperature are 34 ℃～36 ℃ down reaction 18h～30h, obtains the initial action product, 2. dropwise adds deionized water to the initial action product; Be cooled to 20 ℃～30 ℃ then; And low whipping speed is that 100r/min～300r/mim, temperature are 20 ℃～30 ℃ reaction 10min～60min, obtains the suspension of brownish black, dropwise adds mass concentration then and be 20%～40% H
2O
2The aqueous solution; Till becoming pale brown look to the color of brownish black suspension; Under centrifugal speed 3000r/min～4000r/min, separate then and obtain pale brown look solid; Adopt the salt acid elution 3～5 times of 0.5mol/L～1.5mol/L then, be 50 ℃～70 ℃ in temperature at last and dry, promptly obtain graphite oxide to constant weight.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one to three.
Adopt following verification experimental verification effect of the present invention:
Test one: planting the method for solvent-thermal method synthesizing zinc oxide/graphene composite material, specifically is to accomplish according to the following steps:
One, mixing: at first low whipping speed is under the condition of 200r/mim graphite oxide to be scattered in the ethanol, adds Zn (Ac) then
2And mix, obtain mixed solution; Two, forming processes: the mixed solution that at first under 150 ℃ of conditions, step 1 is obtained carries out solvent heat treatment 8h, adopts distilled water washing 3 times then, and vacuum drying 6h under 70 ℃ of conditions had both got zinc oxide/graphene composite material at last.
The mass ratio of graphite oxide described in this embodiment step 1 and ethanol is 1: 1000.
Graphite oxide described in this embodiment step 1 and Zn (Ac)
2Mass ratio be 1: 5.
The described graphite oxide of this embodiment step 1 adopts the Hummer method to be prepared from, and concrete steps are following: 1. at first native graphite and sodium nitrate are added in the concentrated sulfuric acid, and low whipping speed is that 200r/mim, temperature are 0 ℃ of adding potassium permanganate down; Then temperature is warming up to 35 ℃ from 0 ℃; And low whipping speed is that 200r/mim, temperature are 35 ℃ of down reaction 24h, obtains the initial action product, 2. dropwise adds deionized water to the initial action product; Be cooled to 25 ℃ then; And low whipping speed is that 200r/mim, temperature are 25 ℃ of reaction 15min, obtains the suspension of brownish black, dropwise adds mass concentration then and be 30% H
2O
2The aqueous solution, become pale brown look to the color of brownish black suspension till, under centrifugal speed 3500r/min, separate obtaining pale brown look solid then, adopt the salt acid elution 4 times of 1mol/L then, be 60 ℃ in temperature at last and dry to constant weight, promptly obtain graphite oxide.
Adopt the zinc oxide/graphene composite material of this test of electron microscope observation preparation; As depicted in figs. 1 and 2; As can be seen from Figure 1 zinc oxide/the graphene composite material of this test preparation is with the zinc oxide nano-particle of Graphene as base material growth high dispersive; And can see that zinc oxide nano-particle distributes on Graphene uniformly, the size of zinc oxide nano-particle is about 10nm, and the Graphene size is about 4 μ m; As can be seen from Figure 1 the transparency of the zinc oxide/graphene composite material of this test preparation can prove that the Graphene that obtains is very thin; Zinc oxide/graphene composite material edge of this test preparation is amplified as shown in Figure 2, proved the generation of thin layer Graphene from Fig. 2, thickness is about 10nm.
Claims (4)
1. the method for a solvent-thermal method synthesizing zinc oxide/graphene composite material, the method that it is characterized in that solvent-thermal method synthesizing zinc oxide/graphene composite material is to accomplish according to the following steps:
One, mixing: at first low whipping speed is under the condition of 100r/min～300r/mim graphite oxide to be scattered in the solvent, adds the zinc source then and mixes, and obtains mixed solution; Two, forming processes: the mixed solution that at first under 60 ℃～180 ℃ conditions, step 1 is obtained carries out solvent heat treatment 1h～16h; Adopt distilled water washing 2～4 times then; Vacuum drying 2h～8h under 60 ℃～80 ℃ conditions had both got zinc oxide/graphene composite material at last; The mass ratio of graphite oxide described in the step 1 and solvent is 1: (500～1500); The mass ratio in graphite oxide described in the step 1 and zinc source is 1: (1～20).
2. the method for a kind of solvent-thermal method synthesizing zinc oxide/graphene composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that the solvent described in the step 1 is ethanol, ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol.
3. the method for a kind of solvent-thermal method synthesizing zinc oxide/graphene composite material according to claim 2 is characterized in that the zinc source described in the step 1 is Zn (Ac)
2, ZnCl
2Or Zn (NO
3)
2
4. according to the method for claim 1,2 or 3 described a kind of solvent-thermal method synthesizing zinc oxide/graphene composite materials; It is characterized in that the described graphite oxide of step 1 adopts the Hummer method to be prepared from; Concrete steps are following: 1. at first native graphite and sodium nitrate are added in the concentrated sulfuric acid; And low whipping speed is that 100r/min～300r/mim, temperature are-1 ℃～1 ℃ and add down potassium permanganate, then temperature is warming up to 34 ℃～36 ℃ from-1 ℃～1 ℃, and low whipping speed is that 100r/min～300r/mim, temperature are 34 ℃～36 ℃ reaction 18h～30h down; Obtain the initial action product; 2. dropwise add deionized water to the initial action product, be cooled to 20 ℃～30 ℃ then, and low whipping speed is that 100r/min～300r/mim, temperature are 20 ℃～30 ℃ reaction 10min～60min; Obtain the suspension of brownish black, dropwise add mass concentration then and be 20%～40% H
2O
2The aqueous solution; Till becoming pale brown look to the color of brownish black suspension; Under centrifugal speed 3000r/min～4000r/min, separate then and obtain pale brown look solid; Adopt the salt acid elution 3～5 times of 0.5mol/L～1.5mol/L then, be 50 ℃～70 ℃ in temperature at last and dry, promptly obtain graphite oxide to constant weight.
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| CN102945757A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-02-27 | 东南大学 | ZnO/graphene compound nano structure photo-anode for dye-sensitized solar cell and manufacture method of ZnO/graphene compound nano structure photo-anode |
| CN103182307A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-07-03 | 华南理工大学 | Cu-doped ZnO/graphene composite photocatalyst and preparation method thereof |
| CN103435033A (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2013-12-11 | 上海理工大学 | Simple and convenient method for preparing graphene-zinc oxide nanorod composite material in ultrasonic wave |
| CN104069807A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-10-01 | 北京师范大学 | Preparation method and application of ZnO nano particle/graphene oxide composite material |
| CN104475076A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-01 | 上海烟草集团有限责任公司 | Preparation method of graphene-nano zinc oxide composite photocatalytical material for adsorbing and degrading nitrosamine |
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| CN105749896A (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2016-07-13 | 东南大学 | Zinc oxide/reduced graphene oxide aerogel and preparation method of zinc oxide/reduced graphene oxide aerogel |
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