CN102575788A - 安全装置和设有这种装置的容器 - Google Patents

安全装置和设有这种装置的容器 Download PDF

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CN102575788A
CN102575788A CN2010800448889A CN201080044888A CN102575788A CN 102575788 A CN102575788 A CN 102575788A CN 2010800448889 A CN2010800448889 A CN 2010800448889A CN 201080044888 A CN201080044888 A CN 201080044888A CN 102575788 A CN102575788 A CN 102575788A
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CN102575788B (zh
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S·雅莱
D·乌桑
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/06—Closures, e.g. cap, breakable member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0311—Closure means
    • F17C2205/0314—Closure means breakable, e.g. with burst discs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0311—Closure means
    • F17C2205/0317—Closure means fusing or melting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/018—Acetylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/08—Ergols, e.g. hydrazine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/1624—Destructible or deformable element controlled
    • Y10T137/1632—Destructible element
    • Y10T137/1639—Combined destructible and fusible element
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/1624—Destructible or deformable element controlled
    • Y10T137/1632—Destructible element
    • Y10T137/1692—Rupture disc
    • Y10T137/1714—Direct pressure causes disc to burst
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/1624—Destructible or deformable element controlled
    • Y10T137/1797—Heat destructible or fusible
    • Y10T137/1812—In fluid flow path
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种形成加压气体释放阀的安全装置，所述装置包括限定有一气体流动通道(1)的本体，该气体流动通道位于待与加压气体(G)的源相接触的第一上游端(11)与待与外部大气相接触的第二下游端(12)之间延伸，该装置包括位于通道(1)上的插塞(3)，以便在正常情形中防止气体在上游端(11)与下游端(12)之间流动，该插塞(3)可熔化和/或易碎，以便在压力和/或温度超过预定阈值的危险情形中使气体通路畅通。所述装置的特征在于，所述装置包括不稳定、可放热分解的气体的储器(4)，该储器布置成与插塞(3)熔化/破裂期间释放的加压气体(G)连通。

Description

安全装置和设有这种装置的容器
技术领域
本发明涉及安全装置和设置有这种装置的容器。
本发明更具体地涉及一种形成用于在危险情形中释放加压气体的阀的安全装置，该安全装置包括限定有一气体流动通道的本体，该气体流动通道在设计成与加压气体的源相接触的上游第一端与设计成与外部大气相接触的下游第二端之间延伸，该装置包括位于通道上的插塞，以在正常情形中防止气体在上游端与下游端之间流动，该插塞可熔化和/或易碎，以便在压力和/或温度超过预定阈值的危险情形中使气体的通路畅通。
背景技术
特别是用于移动式氢能应用的易燃气体瓶装备有用于在该瓶处于火灾形势下清空瓶内的气态内容物以便由此防止其***的装置。这特别涉及IV型复合瓶。
这种装置通常包括热熔丝，也就是处于火温时必定熔化的低熔点金属，以便形成清空瓶的泄漏部并由此防止其***。
在许多火灾形势下，当熔丝释放气体(尤其是氢气)时，气体点燃并根据气体的压力特征和排放孔口的几何结构而形成比较长的火焰。
断开熔丝显然会允许危险气体排放。然而，在特定条件下，气体不会自发点燃。气体释放物因此可能与环境空气混合并形成体积相对大的易燃团雾，其***(或甚至大***)的结果可能是灾难性的，特别是在受限制和被阻隔的结构中(典型地在地下停车场或隧道中)。
然而，通常优选形成火焰(即使很长)，因为据判断，相关的(辐射)效果小于气体团雾***的效果。
已知的方案在于，选择有利于所述气体的自发点燃的气体排放孔口的几何形状。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述现有技术的一些或全部缺点。
为此，除了与以上前序中给出的一般定义一致，根据本发明的装置的主要特征在于，该装置包括不稳定、可放热分解的气体的储器，该储器与插塞熔化/破裂时释放的加压气体连通。
此外，本发明的实施例可具有以下特征中的一个或多个：
-不稳定气体的储器容纳在一密封容积中，该密封容积位于流动通道中，或者位于邻近该通道的部分中并且与流动通道选择性地连通；
-不稳定气体的储器与插塞流体接触；
-不稳定气体的储器容纳在通过不可渗透的***盘(rupture disk)封闭的密封容积中；
-不稳定气体的储器容纳在通道的位于插塞与不可渗透的***盘之间的密封容积中，该***盘与外部连通；
-储器的不稳定气体包括以下气体中的至少一种：乙炔(C2H2)、氧化亚氮(N2O)、三氯化氮(NCl3)、环氧乙烷(C2H4O)、叠氮化氢(N3H)、叠氮化氯(N3Cl)、氯的氧化物(Cl2O或ClO2)、联氨(N2H4)和臭氧(O3)；
-容纳在储器中的不稳定气体的量介于0.1cm3与1升之间；和
-储器的不稳定气体的压力介于0.1bar与700bar之间，优选介于1bar与15bar之间，或者甚至更优选介于1bar与5bar之间。
本发明还涉及一种加压气体容器，其包括根据上述或下述特征中的任一项所述的装置。
本发明还可涉及包括上述或下述特征的任何组合的任何可供选择的装置或方法。
附图说明
其它具体特征和优点将在阅读下文参考单幅附图的描述后变得显而易见，该附图示意性地且部分地示出了根据本发明的装置的示例的结构和操作。
具体实施方式
该安全装置包括限定有用于气流E的通道1的本体，所述通道在设计成与加压气体G的源相接触的上游第一端11与设计成与外部大气相接触的下游第二端12之间延伸。
通道1例如呈圆筒形。
在通道1上布置有可熔化的插塞3，以在正常情形中防止气体在上游端11与下游端12之间流动。插塞3通常可熔化和/或易碎，以便在气体处于超过预定阈值的压力和/或温度下的危险情形中使气体的通路畅通。
根据一个有利的具体特征，该装置包括不稳定、可放热分解的气体的储器4。储器4的不稳定气体与插塞3熔化/破裂时释放的加压气体G连通。
例如，不稳定气体的储器4容纳在通道1的位于插塞3与不可渗透的***盘5之间的密封容积中，该***盘与外部连通。
优选地，不稳定气体是可在缺乏空气或氧化剂气体的情况下放热地分解的纯气体。这种不稳定气体具有在例如通过意外的冲击波激发时释放大量热量并产生高温的特性，所述意外的冲击波使所释放的气体G膨胀。
不稳定气体例如是乙炔(C2H2)。当然，不稳定气体可包括任何其它气体或气体混合物，尤其是以下气体中的一种：氧化亚氮(N2O)、三氯化氮(NCl3)、环氧乙烷(C2H4O)、叠氮化氢(N3H)、叠氮化氯(N3Cl)、氯的氧化物(Cl2O或ClO2)、联氨(N2H4)和臭氧(O3)。应理解，该列举并非是穷尽的。
不稳定气体的储器4的不稳定性也可通过以下参数中的一个而增加：不稳定气体的浓度，不稳定气体的压力，不稳定气体的温度和容纳这种不稳定气体的封壳的材料。
因此，本发明使得可以在通过不稳定气体的分解而排放气体(例如氢气)时形成火焰。
考虑使用乙炔作为不稳定气体，当插塞3熔化时，氢气膨胀到容纳乙炔的隔室内。这种释放伴随着冲击波，其后温度上升到例如1000K以上。在该温度下并且由于局部压力效应，乙炔以大量放热的方式分解。在盘5破裂之后，分解热排出到外部并且点燃所排放的氢气。
可以说，虽然仍具有简单且不昂贵的结构，但本发明确实有助于改善易燃气体被释放时的安全状况。
有利地，本发明适用于IV型复合容器。当然，本发明还有利地可适用于III型容器以及甚至I和II型容器。

Claims (9)

1.一种安全装置，该安全装置形成用于在危险情形中释放加压气体的阀，该安全装置包括限定有一气体流动通道(1)的本体，所述气体流动通道在设计成与加压气体(G)的源相接触的上游第一端(11)与设计成与外部大气相接触的下游第二端(12)之间延伸，所述装置包括位于所述通道(1)上的插塞(3)，以在正常情形中防止所述气体在所述上游端(11)与所述下游端(12)之间流动，所述插塞(3)能够熔化和/或易碎，以便在压力和/或温度超过预定阈值的危险情形中使用于所述气体的通路畅通，其特征在于，所述装置包括不稳定、可放热地分解的气体的储器(4)，所述储器与所述插塞(3)熔化/破裂时释放的加压气体(G)连通。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述不稳定气体的储器(4)容纳在一密封容积中，该密封容积位于所述流动通道(1)中，或者位于邻近所述通道的部分中并且与所述流动通道(1)选择性地连通。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述不稳定气体的储器(4)与所述插塞(3)流体接触。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述不稳定气体的储器(4)容纳在通过不可渗透的***盘(5)封闭的密封容积中。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述不稳定气体的储器(4)容纳在所述通道(1)的位于所述插塞(3)与不可渗透的***盘(5)之间的密封容积中，所述不可渗透的***盘与外部连通。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述储器(4)的不稳定气体包括以下中的至少一种：乙炔(C2H2)、氧化亚氮(N2O)、三氯化氮(NCl3)、环氧乙烷(C2H4O)、叠氮化氢(N3H)、叠氮化氯(N3Cl)、氯的氧化物(Cl2O或ClO2)、联氨(N2H4)和臭氧(O3)。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，容纳在所述储器(4)中的不稳定气体的量介于0.1cm3与1升之间。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述储器(4)的不稳定气体的压力介于0.1bar与700bar之间，优选介于1bar与15bar之间，或者甚至更优选介于1bar与5bar之间。
9.一种加压气体容器，该加压气体容器尤其用于包含氢气的易燃气体，其特征在于，该加压气体容器包括至少一个根据权利要求1至8中任何一项所述的安全装置。
CN2010800448889A 2009-10-09 2010-09-22 安全装置和设有这种装置的容器 Expired - Fee Related CN102575788B (zh)

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WO2011042635A1 (fr) 2011-04-14
FR2951239A1 (fr) 2011-04-15
FR2951239B1 (fr) 2011-12-09
EP2486312B1 (fr) 2013-11-06
EP2486312A1 (fr) 2012-08-15
JP2013507587A (ja) 2013-03-04
US20120199593A1 (en) 2012-08-09
US8813772B2 (en) 2014-08-26

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