CN102569644B - Sb2Tey-Si3N4 composite phase change material for phase change memory and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Sb2Tey-Si3N4 composite phase change material for phase change memory and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN102569644B
CN102569644B CN201010590406.1A CN201010590406A CN102569644B CN 102569644 B CN102569644 B CN 102569644B CN 201010590406 A CN201010590406 A CN 201010590406A CN 102569644 B CN102569644 B CN 102569644B
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change material
phase
phase change
storage medium
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CN102569644A (en
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宋志棠
许建安
饶峰
吴良才
刘波
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Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a Sb2Tey-Si3N4 composite phase change material for a phase change memory and a preparation method thereof. The material is a mixture containing four elements, namely antimony, tellurium, nitrogen and silicon; a Sb2Tey (y is more than 1 and less than 3) phase change material with reversible phase change capability is isolated by amorphous Si3N4 to form a nano-scale region, then a composite structure is formed, and the chemical formula is (Sb2Tey)x(Si3N4)100-x, wherein y is more than 1 and less than 3, and x is more than 60 and less than 100. By regulating the content of Si3N4 in the Sb2Tey-Si3N4 composite phase change material, different crystallization temperatures, melting points and crystallization activation energy can be obtained. Compared with a traditional Sb2Te3 material, the (Sb2Tey)x(Si3N4)100-x has higher crystallization temperature, better thermal stability and data retention and lower melting point; and furthermore, grain size after crystallization is small and energy consumption is low.

Description

Sb for phase transition storage 2te y-Si 3n 4composite phase-change material and preparation method
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of composite phase-change composite material of microelectronics technology, more precisely a kind of composite phase-change composite material of the compositions of mixtures by antimony-tellurium-nitrogen-silicon.
Background technology
In semi-conductor market, memory occupies important seat, only two kinds of DRAM and FLASH have just accounted for 15% of whole market, along with progressively popularizing of portable electric appts, the market of non-volatility memorizer will constantly expand, consumers also can raise gradually to the requirement of the each side such as memory span, speed, and as the main flow memory of non-volatility memorizer, the development of FLASH technology has reached bottleneck, along with the development of integrated circuit, it is outstanding that the technical vulnerability of FLASH starts to become.Writing speed is slow, writes the shortcomings such as voltage is high, cycle-index is limited and has directly limited it and further apply.So be badly in need of wanting a kind of new memory technology to replace, memory technology can all be continued steadily towards small size future development.
Phase change memory technology is a kind of new ideas memory technology of just rising in recent years, it utilizes phase change composite material to realize data storage as storage medium, having broad application prospects, is a focus of current memory research, is considered to promise to be most main flow memory of future generation.Phase change film material mostly contains chalcogen, so be called again chalcogenide compound memory immediately.Be considered to have concurrently the semiconductor memory of many performances such as high speed, high density, low-power consumption, high reliability, low cost.The memory function of chalcogenide compound random asccess memory is that the reversible transition externally producing between amorphous and polycrystalline under energy by phase-change material realizes, chalcogenide compound is high resistant when amorphous state, when polycrystalline state, be low resistance state, phase transformation utilizes the resistance difference between high low resistance state to realize the storage of " 0 " and " 1 ".
In phase transition storage, Ge 2sb 2te 5be typical phase-change material, but in the middle of application, find Ge 2sb 2te 5material has larger variable density when phase transformation, and crystallization rate is not good, is generally hundreds of ns, and this can have influence on erasable speed and device reliability, and its crystallization temperature is lower in addition, is 160 ℃ of left and right, and this makes it at high temperature apply and have difficulties.Visible, Ge 2sb 2te 5be not classic phase-change material, particularly levy the application that some specific environment is required.
In sum, the multiple advantage such as research and develop that new phase-change material makes that device has that service speed is fast simultaneously, high reliability, high density, thermal stability are strong, low-cost or have outstanding properties in one-sided application, becomes current urgent problem.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of Sb for phase transition storage 2te y-Si 3n 4composite phase-change material and preparation method, the advantage such as this composite phase-change material has that Heat stability is good, crystallization crystal grain are little, little, the low-power consumption of heat counterdiffusion between unit, Reset electric current are lower.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of Sb for phase transition storage 2te y-Si 3n 4composite phase-change material is a kind of by Sb 2te yand Si 3n 4the mixture being composited, its chemical formula is (Sb 2te y) x(Si 3n 4) 100-x, 1 < y < 3,60 < x < 100 wherein.
Preferably, Si 3n 4in element not with Sb 2te yin element Cheng Jian, and independently to exist mutually.
Preferably, Sb 2te yby Si 3n 4be isolated into the region of nanoscale, phase-change material germination is fettered.
Preferably, Si 3n 4form with amorphous exists.
Preferably, Sb 2te ywith Si 3n 4be evenly distributed.
Preferably, Sb 2te ybecome graininess, particle diameter is nanometer scale.
Preferably, this composite phase-change material adopts electric pulse effect to realize the reversible transition of resistivity.The resistance difference of the resistance ratio low resistance state of high-impedance state is minimum reaches two orders of magnitude.
The present invention also provides a kind of above-mentioned Sb for phase transition storage 2te y-Si 3n 4the preparation method of composite phase-change material: the method preparation (Sb that adopts More target sputtering together 2te y) x(Si 3n 4) 100-xcomposite phase-change material film, wherein 1 < y < 3,60 < x < 100.
As preferred version of the present invention, can adopt Sb 2te 3target and Si 3n 4target co-sputtering, or with Sb target, Te target and Si 3n 4target co-sputtering; Or with Sb target, Te target, Si target and N 2carry out cosputtering.
As preferred version of the present invention, adopt Sb 2te 3target and Si 3n 4during target co-sputtering, sputter body is argon gas, and base vacuum is less than 10 -4pa, sputtering pressure is 0.21Pa~0.22pa, Sb 2te 3target and Si 3n 4target all adopts radio-frequency power supply, and sputtering power is 20W.
In addition Si, 3n 4doping too much can cause material phase transformation performance to worsen, can be at Sb 2te 3the constant condition of sputtering power under, from 5W, start successively to promote Si 3n 4sputtering power to 40W, improve Si 3n 4proportion in composite material, determines Si by measured temperature-resistance curve 3n 4limit incorporation and optimal mixing amount.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The composite phase-change material of a kind of compositions of mixtures with antimony-tellurium and silicon nitride that the present invention proposes, makes to have the Sb of reversible transition ability 2te y(1 < y < 3) phase-change material is by amorphous Si 3n 4be isolated into the region of nanoscale, wherein Si 3n 4do not participate in reversible transition.
Si 3n 4doping, suppressed Sb 2te ythe growth of (1 < y < 3) crystal grain, thus resistivity and the crystallization temperature of material promoted, reduced the fusion temperature of phase-change material.The increase of phase-change material crystalline resistance, has reduced the Reset electric current of phase change memory device, has overcome the excessive obstacle of phase-change material Reset electric current.The rising of crystallization temperature has promoted Sb 2te y-Si 3n 4phase-change material device stability, the reduction of fusion temperature effectively reduces its power consumption.This Sb 2te y-Si 3n 4composite phase-change material can be realized reversible transition as storage medium under the effect of electric pulse, before and after phase transformation, there is dividing of high low resistance state, difference can meet external circuit and differentiate like a cork " 0 " or " 1 ", the resistance difference of the resistance ratio low resistance state of its high-impedance state is minimum reaches two orders of magnitude, is comparatively desirable phase-change storage material.
Along with mixing Si 3n 4the increase of content, the amorphous of composite phase-change material and crystalline resistance rate be the increase of dullness all.Regulate Si in this composite phase-change material 3n 4content can obtain different crystallization temperatures, fusing point and crystallization activation energy.Therefore, can be by controlling Si in material 3n 4content obtain better phase transition performance, make the resistance difference between crystalline state and amorphous state larger, reduce threshold voltage, reduce power consumption; And obtain better thermal stability, make crystallization temperature at Si 3n 4effect under get a promotion, strengthen data confining force.
In addition, by control, mix Si 3n 4content, can also make the counterdiffusion that obtains less grain size after material crystallization, improves heat; With Sb 2te 3compare, strengthen Sb 2te y-Si 3n 4with substrate (SiO 2, Si 3n 4) adhesion.By controlling Si in material 3n 4content, can also obtain change in volume is less before and after phase transformation phase change material film (than Sb 2te 3).And, because the effect of N can prevent that Si is at Sb 2te yoxidation in (1 < y < 3).
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is different component Sb 2te y-Si 3n 4the relation curve of composite phase-change material resistance and temperature.
Fig. 2 is a kind of based on Sb 2te y-Si 3n 4the phase change memory unit structure schematic diagram of composite phase-change material.
Fig. 3 is pulse duration while being 1000ns, the resistance-voltage curve of device described in Fig. 2.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail.
Sb of the present invention 2te y-Si 3n 4the preparation method of composite phase-change material is various, can utilize magnetron sputtering, adopts the method preparation of More target sputtering together, for example, can use Sb 2te 3, Si 3n 4two alloys target cosputterings, can realize the adjusting of component by controlling two target position powers, also can use Sb target, Te target and SiN 4alloys target is carried out cosputtering and is prepared film, or follows N with Sb target, Te target, Si target 2cosputtering, these methods can be used for preparing the phase-change material of various components.The present embodiment is with Sb 2te 3target and Si 3n 4target co-sputtering is that example is prepared film sample.
Adopt Sb 2te 3target and Si 3n 4the method of target co-sputtering passes into purity simultaneously and is 99.999% Ar gas in cosputtering process, and concrete technological parameter is as follows: Sb 2te 3and Si 3n 4target all adopts radio-frequency power power supply; Select Sb 2te 3the power of target is 20W, and sputtering pressure is 0.21Pa.Si 3n 4radio-frequency power on target adopts respectively 5W, 10W, 20W, 30W, 40W, can obtain the Sb of different sputter rates and different component 2te y-Si 3n 4film sample.
Prepare the film sample of different component on different substrates.Substrate is respectively Al film, Si sheet substrate, Si 3n 4sheet substrate, copper mesh.The sample that sputters at Al film is tested for SEM, measure the thickness of film, EDS measures phase change composite material component.Use analytical test as above to obtain Si 3n 4the radio-frequency power of target is 5W, Sb 2te 3when the direct current power of target is 20W, film composition is Sb 2te 2.52-(Si 3n 4) 0.054; Si 3n 4the radio-frequency power of target is 10W, Sb 2te 3when the direct current power of target is 20W, film composition is Sb 2te 2.77-(Si 3n 4) 0.11; Si 3n 4the radio-frequency power of target is 20W, Sb 2te 3when the direct current power of target is 20W, film composition is Sb 2te 2.16(Si 3n 4) 0.33; Si 3n 4the radio-frequency power of target is 30W, Sb 2te 3when the direct current power of target is 20W, film composition is Sb 2te 2.33-(Si 3n 4) 0.22; Si 3n 4the radio-frequency power of target is 40W, Sb 2te 3when the direct current power of target is 20W, film composition is Sb 2te 2.43(Si 3n 4) 0.22.
Sb 2te y-Si 3n 4be a kind of phase-change material with phase-change characteristic, the performance of material can be passed through Si 3n 4content carries out cutting.Fig. 1 is for sputtering at Si 3n 4the Sb of the different component on sheet 2te y-Si 3n 4thin-film material is the R-T curve that resistance-temperature test obtains, Sb 2te y-Si 3n 4amorphous state and the crystalline resistance of thin-film material take the lead in Si 3n 4the increase of content and raising, when content reaches certain value (Sb 2te 3: 20W, Si 3n 4: in the time of 20W), Si 3n 4increase can make resistance reduce on the contrary.Component reaches Sb 2te 2.77-(Si 3n 4) 0.11, crystallization temperature is now 420K, the ratio of amorphous state and crystalline resistance surpasses 2 orders of magnitude, the Sb of this ratio 2te y-Si 3n 4composite phase-change material film performance is optimum.
The Sb of the different component on copper mesh will be sputtered at 2te y-Si 3n 4thin-film material is tested with TEM, Sb before and after research annealing 2te y(1 < y < 3) and Si 3n 4the size of distribution situation, crystallization situation and particle.Use as above and analyze and can obtain, there is the Sb of reversible transition ability 2te y(1 < y < 3) phase-change material is by amorphous Si 3n 4be isolated into the region of nanoscale, Sb 2te y(1 < y < 3) and Si 3n 4be evenly distributed, Sb 2te y(1 < y < 3) becomes graininess, and particle diameter is nanometer scale.
Figure 2 shows that based on Sb 2te y-Si 3n 4the phase change memory structure schematic diagram of composite material, substrate upper strata TiN/Ti/Al is as common electrode, and W is as bottom electrode, and TiN covers Al as electrode again as adhesion layer surface.
Figure 3 shows that test is based on Sb 2te y-Si 3n 4resistance-the voltage of the phase-change memory device of composite material (R-V) performance, when voltage is 1V, the resistance of device declines (from 1 * 10 6be reduced to 1 * 10 4), Sb is described 2te y-Si 3n 4crystallization (set process) occurs composite material film when 1V reduces device resistance.When voltage is elevated to 2.9V, there is reset in film, and film changes amorphous into, and resistance rises (from 1 * 10 4be elevated to 1 * 10 6).
In sum, Sb provided by the invention 2te y-Si 3n 4nano-composite phase-changing material, Si 3n 4in element not with Sb 2te yelement Cheng Jian in (1 < y < 3), independently to exist mutually, has the Sb of reversible transition ability 2te yphase-change material is by amorphous Si 3n 4be isolated into the region of nanoscale, Sb 2te y(1 < y < 3) and Si 3n 4can be evenly distributed.Due to Si 3n 4buffer action, Sb 2te ythe growth of (1 < y < 3) crystal grain is fettered, and crystal grain is less, has promoted the crystallization temperature of phase-change material, has increased the stability of phase change memory device.Meanwhile, due to Si 3n 4mix, the charge carrier in phase-change material is subject to amorphous Si 3n 4scattering, make mobility reduce resistivity and raise, effectively reduce Reset electric current.When component is Sb 2te 2.77-(Si 3n 4) 0.11, crystallization temperature is now 420K, the ratio of amorphous state and crystalline resistance surpasses 3 orders of magnitude, the Sb of this ratio 2te y-Si 3n 4composite phase-change thin-film material best performance, meets the basic demand of phase-change storage material, is a kind of novel storage medium.
Here description of the invention and application is illustrative, not wants by scope restriction of the present invention in the above-described embodiments.Here the distortion of disclosed embodiment and change is possible, and for those those of ordinary skill in the art, the various parts of the replacement of embodiment and equivalence are known.Those skilled in the art are noted that in the situation that not departing from spirit of the present invention or substantive characteristics, and the present invention can be with other forms, structure, layout, ratio, and realizes with other substrates, material and parts.In the situation that not departing from the scope of the invention and spirit, can carry out other distortion and change to disclosed embodiment here.

Claims (10)

1. the Sb for phase transition storage storage medium 2te y-Si 3n 4composite phase-change material, is characterized in that: be a kind of by Sb 2te yand Si 3n 4the mixture being composited, its chemical formula is (Sb 2te y) x(Si 3n 4) 100-x, 1<y<3 wherein, 60 < x < 100.
2. a kind of Sb for phase transition storage storage medium according to claim 1 2te y-Si 3n 4composite phase-change material, is characterized in that: Si 3n 4in element not with Sb 2te yin element Cheng Jian, and independently to exist mutually.
3. a kind of Sb for phase transition storage storage medium according to claim 1 2te y-Si 3n 4composite phase-change material, is characterized in that: Sb 2te yby Si 3n 4be isolated into the region of nanoscale, phase-change material germination is fettered.
4. a kind of Sb for phase transition storage storage medium according to claim 1 2te y-Si 3n 4composite phase-change material, is characterized in that: Si 3n 4form with amorphous exists.
5. a kind of Sb for phase transition storage storage medium according to claim 1 2te y-Si 3n 4composite phase-change material, is characterized in that: Sb 2te ywith Si 3n 4be evenly distributed.
6. a kind of Sb for phase transition storage storage medium according to claim 1 2te y-Si 3n 4composite phase-change material, is characterized in that: Sb 2te ybecome graininess, particle diameter is nanometer scale.
7. a kind of Sb for phase transition storage storage medium according to claim 1 2te y-Si 3n 4composite phase-change material, is characterized in that: adopt electric pulse effect to realize the reversible transition of resistivity.
8. the Sb for phase transition storage storage medium 2te y-Si 3n 4the preparation method of composite phase-change material, is characterized in that: the method preparation (Sb that adopts More target sputtering together 2te y) x(Si 3n 4) 100-xcomposite phase-change material film, 1<y<3 wherein, 60 < x < 100.
9. a kind of Sb for phase transition storage storage medium according to claim 8 2te y-Si 3n 4the preparation method of composite phase-change material, is characterized in that: adopt Sb 2te 3target and Si 3n 4target co-sputtering, or with Sb target, Te target and Si 3n 4target co-sputtering; Or with Sb target, Te target, Si target and N 2cosputtering.
10. a kind of Sb for phase transition storage storage medium according to claim 8 2te y-Si 3n 4the preparation method of composite phase-change material, is characterized in that: adopt Sb 2te 3target and Si 3n 4during target co-sputtering, sputter body is argon gas, and base vacuum is less than 10 -4pa, sputtering pressure is 0.21Pa~0.22pa, Sb 2te 3target and Si 3n 4target all adopts radio-frequency power supply, and sputtering power is 20W.
CN201010590406.1A 2010-12-15 2010-12-15 Sb2Tey-Si3N4 composite phase change material for phase change memory and preparation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN102569644B (en)

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CN104241527B (en) * 2014-09-30 2017-10-27 中国科学院上海微***与信息技术研究所 V Sb Te phase-change material systems for phase transition storage and preparation method thereof
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CN112786782B (en) * 2021-01-11 2022-09-20 宁波大学 Sb-Si for phase change memory 3 N 4 Thin film material and preparation method thereof

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