CN102569644A - Sb2Tey-Si3N4 composite phase change material for phase change memory and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Sb2Tey-Si3N4 composite phase change material for phase change memory and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN102569644A
CN102569644A CN2010105904061A CN201010590406A CN102569644A CN 102569644 A CN102569644 A CN 102569644A CN 2010105904061 A CN2010105904061 A CN 2010105904061A CN 201010590406 A CN201010590406 A CN 201010590406A CN 102569644 A CN102569644 A CN 102569644A
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CN102569644B (en
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宋志棠
许建安
饶峰
吴良才
刘波
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Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a Sb2Tey-Si3N4 composite phase change material for a phase change memory and a preparation method thereof. The material is a mixture containing four elements, namely antimony, tellurium, nitrogen and silicon; a Sb2Tey (y is more than 1 and less than 3) phase change material with reversible phase change capability is isolated by amorphous Si3N4 to form a nano-scale region, then a composite structure is formed, and the chemical formula is (Sb2Tey)x(Si3N4)100-x, wherein y is more than 1 and less than 3, and x is more than 60 and less than 100. By regulating the content of Si3N4 in the Sb2Tey-Si3N4 composite phase change material, different crystallization temperatures, melting points and crystallization activation energy can be obtained. Compared with a traditional Sb2Te3 material, the (Sb2Tey)x(Si3N4)100-x has higher crystallization temperature, better thermal stability and data retention and lower melting point; and furthermore, grain size after crystallization is small and energy consumption is low.

Description

The Sb that is used for phase transition storage 2Te y-Si 3N 4Composite phase-change material and preparation method
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of composite phase-change composite material of microelectronics technology, more precisely is a kind of composite phase-change composite material of being made up of the mixture of antimony-tellurium-nitrogen-silicon.
Background technology
In semi-conductor market; Memory occupies important seat, and only DRAM and FLASH have just accounted for 15% of whole market for two kinds, along with progressively popularizing of portable electric appts; The market of non-volatility memorizer will constantly enlarge; Consumers also can raise to the requirement of each side such as memory span, speed gradually, and as the main flow memory of non-volatility memorizer, the development of FLASH technology has reached bottleneck; Along with the continuous development of integrated circuit, it is outstanding that the technical vulnerability of FLASH begins to become.Writing speed is slow, writes shortcomings such as voltage height, cycle-index be limited and has directly limited its further application.So be badly in need of wanting a kind of new memory technology to replace, make that memory technology can all continue to develop towards the small size direction steadily.
The phase change memory technology is a kind of new ideas memory technology of just rising in recent years; It utilizes phase change composite material to realize storage as storage medium; Having broad application prospects, is a focus of present memory research, is considered to promise to be most main flow memory of future generation.Phase change film material mostly contains chalcogen, so be called chalcogenide compound memory immediately again.Be considered to have concurrently the semiconductor memory of many performances such as high speed, high density, low-power consumption, high reliability, low cost.The memory function of chalcogenide compound random asccess memory is that the reversible transition of leaning on phase-change material externally to produce between amorphous and the polycrystalline under the energy realizes; Chalcogenide compound is a high resistant when amorphous state; When the polycrystalline attitude is low resistance state, and phase transformation utilizes the resistance difference between the high low resistance state to realize the storage of " 0 " and " 1 ".
In phase transition storage, Ge 2Sb 2Te 5Be typical phase-change material, but in the middle of using, find Ge 2Sb 2Te 5Material has bigger variable density when phase transformation, crystallization rate is not good, is generally hundreds of ns, and this can have influence on erasable speed and device reliability, and its crystallization temperature is lower in addition, is about 160 ℃, and this makes it at high temperature use and has difficulties.Thus it is clear that, Ge 2Sb 2Te 5Be not classic phase-change material, particularly levy the application that some specific environment is required.
In sum, research and develop that new phase-change material makes that device has simultaneously that service speed is fast, multiple advantage such as high reliability, high density, thermal stability are strong, low cost or on one-sided the application, have outstanding properties, become present urgent problem.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of Sb that is used for phase transition storage 2Te y-Si 3N 4Composite phase-change material and preparation method, advantage such as this composite phase-change material has that Heat stability is good, crystallization crystal grain are little, little, the low-power consumption of heat counterdiffusion between the unit, Reset electric current are lower.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of Sb that is used for phase transition storage 2Te y-Si 3N 4Composite phase-change material is a kind of by Sb 2Te yAnd Si 3N 4The mixture that is composited, its chemical formula are (Sb 2Te y) x(Si 3N 4) 100-x, 1<y<3,60<x<100 wherein.
Preferable, Si 3N 4In element not with Sb 2Te yIn element Cheng Jian, and independently to exist mutually.
Preferable, Sb 2Te yBy Si 3N 4Be isolated into the zone of nanoscale, the phase-change material germination is fettered.
Preferable, Si 3N 4Form with amorphous exists.
Preferable, Sb 2Te yWith Si 3N 4Be evenly distributed.
Preferable, Sb 2Te yBecome graininess, particle diameter is a nanometer scale.
Preferable, this composite phase-change material adopts the electric pulse effect to realize the reversible transition of resistivity.Minimum two one magnitude that reach of the resistance difference of the resistance ratio low resistance state of high-impedance state.
The present invention also provides a kind of above-mentioned Sb that is used for phase transition storage 2Te y-Si 3N 4The preparation method of composite phase-change material: the method preparation (Sb that adopts many target co-sputterings 2Te y) x(Si 3N 4) 100-xComposite phase-change material film, wherein 1<y<3,60<x<100.
As preferred version of the present invention, can adopt Sb 2Te 3Target and Si 3N 4Target co-sputtering is perhaps used Sb target, Te target and Si 3N 4Target co-sputtering; Perhaps use Sb target, Te target, Si target and N 2Carry out cosputtering.
As preferred version of the present invention, adopt Sb 2Te 3Target and Si 3N 4During target co-sputtering, the sputter body is an argon gas, and base vacuum is less than 10 -4Pa, sputtering pressure are 0.21Pa~0.22pa, Sb 2Te 3Target and Si 3N 4Target all adopts radio-frequency power supply, and sputtering power is 20W.
In addition, Si 3N 4Mixing too much can cause the material phase transformation mis-behave, can be at Sb 2Te 3The constant condition of sputtering power under, begin to promote one by one Si from 5W 3N 4Sputtering power to 40W, improve Si 3N 4Proportion in composite material is confirmed Si through measured temperature-resistance curve 3N 4Limit incorporation and optimal mixing amount.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
A kind of composite phase-change material of forming with the mixture of antimony-tellurium and silicon nitride that the present invention proposes makes the Sb with reversible transition ability 2Te y(1<y<3) phase-change material is by amorphous state Si 3N 4Be isolated into the zone of nanoscale, wherein Si 3N 4Do not participate in reversible transition.
Si 3N 4Doping, suppressed Sb 2Te yThe growth of (1<y<3) crystal grain, thus the resistivity and the crystallization temperature of material promoted, reduced the fusion temperature of phase-change material.The increase of phase-change material crystalline resistance has reduced the Reset electric current of phase change memory device, has overcome the excessive obstacle of phase-change material Reset electric current.The rising of crystallization temperature has promoted Sb 2Te y-Si 3N 4The phase-change material device stability, the reduction of fusion temperature then effectively reduces its power consumption.This Sb 2Te y-Si 3N 4Composite phase-change material can be realized reversible transition as storage medium under the effect of electric pulse; The branch that high low resistance state is arranged before and after the phase transformation; Difference can satisfy external circuit and differentiate " 0 " or " 1 " like a cork; Minimum two one magnitude that reach of the resistance difference of the resistance ratio low resistance state of its high-impedance state are comparatively desirable phase-change storage materials.
Along with mixing Si 3N 4The increase that the increase of content, the amorphous of composite phase-change material and crystalline resistance rate are all dull.Regulate Si in this composite phase-change material 3N 4Content can obtain different crystallization temperatures, fusing point and crystallization activation energy.Therefore, can be through Si in the control material 3N 4Content obtain better phase transformation performance, make the resistance difference between crystalline state and the amorphous state bigger, reduce threshold voltage, reduce power consumption; And obtain better thermal stability, make crystallization temperature at Si 3N 4Effect under get a promotion, strengthen the data confining force.
In addition, mix Si through control 3N 4Content, can also make the counterdiffusion that obtains littler grain size after the material crystallization, improves heat; With Sb 2Te 3Compare, strengthen Sb 2Te y-Si 3N 4With substrate (SiO 2, Si 3N 4) adhesion.Through Si in the control material 3N 4Content, can also obtain change in volume is littler before and after the phase transformation phase change material film (than Sb 2Te 3).And, because the effect of N can prevent that Si is at Sb 2Te yOxidation in (1<y<3).
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is different component Sb 2Te y-Si 3N 4The relation curve of composite phase-change material resistance and temperature.
Fig. 2 is a kind of based on Sb 2Te y-Si 3N 4The phase change memory unit structure sketch map of composite phase-change material.
When Fig. 3 is 1000ns for pulse duration, the resistance-voltage curve of device described in Fig. 2.
Embodiment
Specify the preferred embodiments of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Sb of the present invention 2Te y-Si 3N 4The preparation method of composite phase-change material is various, can utilize magnetron sputtering, adopts the method preparation of many target co-sputterings, for example, can use Sb 2Te 3, Si 3N 4Two alloys target cosputterings can be realized the adjusting of component through controlling two target position powers, also can use Sb target, Te target and SiN 4Alloys target is carried out cosputtering and is prepared film, perhaps follows N with Sb target, Te target, Si target 2Cosputtering, these methods can be used for preparing the phase-change material of various components.Present embodiment is with Sb 2Te 3Target and Si 3N 4Target co-sputtering is that example prepares film sample.
Adopt Sb 2Te 3Target and Si 3N 4The method of target co-sputtering feeds purity and is 99.999% Ar gas simultaneously in the cosputtering process, concrete technological parameter is following: Sb 2Te 3And Si 3N 4Target all adopts the radio-frequency power power supply; Select Sb 2Te 3The power of target is 20W, and sputtering pressure is 0.21Pa.Si 3N 4Radio-frequency power on the target adopts 5W, 10W, 20W, 30W, 40W respectively, can obtain the Sb of different sputter rates and different component 2Te y-Si 3N 4Film sample.
The film sample of preparation different component is on different substrates.Substrate is respectively Al film, Si sheet substrate, Si 3N 4Sheet substrate, copper mesh.The sample that sputters at the Al film is used for the SEM experiment, the thickness of MEASUREMENTS OF THIN, EDS measures the phase change composite material component.Utilization analytical test as above obtains Si 3N 4The radio-frequency power of target is 5W, Sb 2Te 3When the direct current power of target was 20W, film composition was Sb 2Te 2.52-(Si 3N 4) 0.054Si 3N 4The radio-frequency power of target is 10W, Sb 2Te 3When the direct current power of target was 20W, film composition was Sb 2Te 2.77-(Si 3N 4) 0.11Si 3N 4The radio-frequency power of target is 20W, Sb 2Te 3When the direct current power of target was 20W, film composition was Sb 2Te 2.16(Si 3N 4) 0.33Si 3N 4The radio-frequency power of target is 30W, Sb 2Te 3When the direct current power of target was 20W, film composition was Sb 2Te 2.33-(Si 3N 4) 0.22Si 3N 4The radio-frequency power of target is 40W, Sb 2Te 3When the direct current power of target was 20W, film composition was Sb 2Te 2.43(Si 3N 4) 0.22
Sb 2Te y-Si 3N 4Be a kind of phase-change material with phase-change characteristic, the performance of material can be passed through Si 3N 4Content carries out cutting.Fig. 1 is for sputtering at Si 3N 4The Sb of the different component on the sheet 2Te y-Si 3N 4Thin-film material is the R-T curve that resistance-temperature test obtains, Sb 2Te y-Si 3N 4The amorphous state and the crystalline resistance of thin-film material take the lead in Si 3N 4The increase of content and raising is when content reaches certain value (Sb 2Te 3: 20W, Si 3N 4: in the time of 20W), Si 3N 4Increase resistance is reduced on the contrary.Component reaches Sb 2Te 2.77-(Si 3N 4) 0.11, the crystallization temperature of this moment is 420K, the ratio of amorphous state and crystalline resistance surpasses 2 one magnitude, the Sb of this ratio 2Te y-Si 3N 4The composite phase-change material film performance is optimum.
With the Sb that sputters at the different component on the copper mesh 2Te y-Si 3N 4Thin-film material is tested with TEM, Sb before and after the research annealing 2Te y(1<y<3) and Si 3N 4The size of distribution situation, crystallization situation and particle.Utilization is as above analyzed and can be got, and has the Sb of reversible transition ability 2Te y(1<y<3) phase-change material is by amorphous state Si 3N 4Be isolated into the zone of nanoscale, Sb 2Te y(1<y<3) and Si 3N 4Be evenly distributed Sb 2Te y(1<y<3) become graininess, and particle diameter is a nanometer scale.
Shown in Figure 2 is based on Sb 2Te y-Si 3N 4The phase change memory structure sketch map of composite material, substrate upper strata TiN/Ti/Al are as common electrode, and W is as bottom electrode, and TiN covers Al as electrode again as the adhesion layer surface.
Shown in Figure 3 for testing based on Sb 2Te y-Si 3N 4Resistance-the voltage of the phase-change memory device of composite material (R-V) performance, the resistance of device descends (from 1 * 10 when voltage is 1V 6Be reduced to 1 * 10 4), Sb is described 2Te y-Si 3N 4Crystallization (set process) takes place when 1V composite material film reduces device resistance.When voltage was elevated to 2.9V, reset took place in film, and film changes amorphous into, and resistance rises (from 1 * 10 4Be elevated to 1 * 10 6).
In sum, Sb provided by the invention 2Te y-Si 3N 4Nano-composite phase-changing material, Si 3N 4In element not with Sb 2Te yElement Cheng Jian in (1<y<3) independently to exist mutually, has the Sb of reversible transition ability 2Te yPhase-change material is by amorphous state Si 3N 4Be isolated into the zone of nanoscale, Sb 2Te y(1<y<3) and Si 3N 4Can be evenly distributed.Because Si 3N 4Buffer action, Sb 2Te yThe growth of (1<y<3) crystal grain is fettered, and crystal grain is less, has promoted the crystallization temperature of phase-change material, has increased the stability of phase change memory device.Simultaneously, because Si 3N 4Mix, the charge carrier in the phase-change material receives amorphous Si 3N 4Scattering, make mobility reduce resistivity and raise, effectively reduce the Reset electric current.When component is Sb 2Te 2.77-(Si 3N 4) 0.11, the crystallization temperature of this moment is 420K, the ratio of amorphous state and crystalline resistance surpasses 3 one magnitude, the Sb of this ratio 2Te y-Si 3N 4Composite phase-change thin-film material best performance satisfies the basic demand of phase-change storage material, is a kind of novel storage medium.
Here description of the invention and application is illustrative, is not to want with scope restriction of the present invention in the above-described embodiments.Here the distortion of the embodiment that is disclosed and change are possible, and the replacement of embodiment is known with the various parts of equivalence for those those of ordinary skill in the art.Those skilled in the art are noted that under the situation that does not break away from spirit of the present invention or substantive characteristics, and the present invention can be with other forms, structure, layout, ratio, and realize with other substrates, material and parts.Under the situation that does not break away from the scope of the invention and spirit, can carry out other distortion and change here to the embodiment that is disclosed.

Claims (10)

1. Sb who is used for phase transition storage 2Te y-Si 3N 4Composite phase-change material is characterized in that: be a kind of by Sb 2Te yAnd Si 3N 4The mixture that is composited, its chemical formula are (Sb 2Te y) x(Si 3N 4) 100-x, 1<y<3,60<x<100 wherein.
2. according to the said a kind of Sb that is used for phase transition storage of claim 1 2Te y-Si 3N 4Composite phase-change material is characterized in that: Si 3N 4In element not with Sb 2Te yIn element Cheng Jian, and independently to exist mutually.
3. according to the said a kind of Sb that is used for phase transition storage of claim 1 2Te y-Si 3N 4Composite phase-change material is characterized in that: Sb 2Te yBy Si 3N 4Be isolated into the zone of nanoscale, the phase-change material germination is fettered.
4. according to the said a kind of Sb that is used for phase transition storage of claim 1 2Te y-Si 3N 4Composite phase-change material is characterized in that: Si 3N 4Form with amorphous exists.
5. according to the said a kind of Sb that is used for phase transition storage of claim 1 2Te y-Si 3N 4Composite phase-change material is characterized in that: Sb 2Te yWith Si 3N 4Be evenly distributed.
6. according to the said a kind of Sb that is used for phase transition storage of claim 1 2Te y-Si 3N 4Composite phase-change material is characterized in that: Sb 2Te yBecome graininess, particle diameter is a nanometer scale.
7. according to the said a kind of Sb that is used for phase transition storage of claim 1 2Te y-Si 3N 4Composite phase-change material is characterized in that: adopt the electric pulse effect to realize the reversible transition of resistivity.
8. Sb who is used for phase transition storage 2Te y-Si 3N 4The preparation method of composite phase-change material is characterized in that: the method preparation (Sb that adopts many target co-sputterings 2Te y) x(Si 3N 4) 100-xComposite phase-change material film, wherein 1<y<3,60<x<100.
9. said according to Claim 8 a kind of Sb that is used for phase transition storage 2Te y-Si 3N 4The preparation method of composite phase-change material is characterized in that: adopt Sb 2Te 3Target and Si 3N 4Target co-sputtering is perhaps used Sb target, Te target and Si 3N 4Target co-sputtering; Perhaps use Sb target, Te target, Si target and N 2Cosputtering.
10. said according to Claim 8 a kind of Sb that is used for phase transition storage 2Te y-Si 3N 4The preparation method of composite phase-change material is characterized in that: adopt Sb 2Te 3Target and Si 3N 4During target co-sputtering, the sputter body is an argon gas, and base vacuum is less than 10 -4Pa, sputtering pressure are 0.21Pa~0.22pa, Sb 2Te 3Target and Si 3N 4Target all adopts radio-frequency power supply, and sputtering power is 20W.
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CN104241527A (en) * 2014-09-30 2014-12-24 中国科学院上海微***与信息技术研究所 Phase change memory V-Sb-Te phase change material system and preparing method thereof
CN104485417A (en) * 2014-12-16 2015-04-01 曲阜师范大学 Technology for improving GeSbTe phase change property and thin film preparation method thereof
CN112786782A (en) * 2021-01-11 2021-05-11 宁波大学 Sb-Si for phase change memory3N4Thin film material and preparation method thereof

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CN104241527A (en) * 2014-09-30 2014-12-24 中国科学院上海微***与信息技术研究所 Phase change memory V-Sb-Te phase change material system and preparing method thereof
CN104241527B (en) * 2014-09-30 2017-10-27 中国科学院上海微***与信息技术研究所 V Sb Te phase-change material systems for phase transition storage and preparation method thereof
CN104485417A (en) * 2014-12-16 2015-04-01 曲阜师范大学 Technology for improving GeSbTe phase change property and thin film preparation method thereof
CN112786782A (en) * 2021-01-11 2021-05-11 宁波大学 Sb-Si for phase change memory3N4Thin film material and preparation method thereof
CN112786782B (en) * 2021-01-11 2022-09-20 宁波大学 Sb-Si for phase change memory 3 N 4 Thin film material and preparation method thereof

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