CN102551783A - Bi-modal real-time imaging device for surgery, system and method thereof - Google Patents

Bi-modal real-time imaging device for surgery, system and method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102551783A
CN102551783A CN201210035211XA CN201210035211A CN102551783A CN 102551783 A CN102551783 A CN 102551783A CN 201210035211X A CN201210035211X A CN 201210035211XA CN 201210035211 A CN201210035211 A CN 201210035211A CN 102551783 A CN102551783 A CN 102551783A
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ray
bimodal
imaging device
ray source
realtime imaging
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邓敏
杨浩
刘瑞
李丁
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Abstract

A bi-modal real-time imaging device or system for surgery comprises three or more arrays formed by X-ray sources. The X-ray source arrays are distributed at intervals along a fixed arc scanning rack, the span of the fixed scanning rack is larger than the largest cross section span of the section of a to-be-imaged body, the X-ray source arrays are electrically switched at preset frequency, X-rays are transmitted via a programmable sequence, so that the section of the to-be-imaged body (for example, a surgical portion of a patient) is scanned conveniently. The X-ray source arrays are used for imaging the surgical portion of the patient from different angles within an arc of 180 degrees, the X-rays which transversely pass through the patient are received at an X-ray detector, the patient does not move, images of the surgical portion of the patient at a normal position and side positions are obtained in real time, and simultaneously, axial position computed tomography is rebuilt by means of field emission of the X-ray sources from all angles.

Description

Operation is with bimodal realtime imaging device, system and method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of x-ray imaging system, relate in particular to a kind of bimodal Real Time Image System, and the signal that adopts some X ray emission sources to send, to framework, testing fixture and the detection method etc. that form images in the real-time art in corrective surgery position.
Background technology
Mostly x-ray imaging system is the two-dimensional imaging system in the current operation, has the problems such as aliasing and False Rate height of organizing, and imaging system has become urgent needs in the higher three-dimensional art of resolution.The exemplary of three-dimensional imaging device clinical practice be the traditional CT appearance by the percutaneous vertebroplasty of C type arm under the radioscopy guiding (Percutaneous VertebroPlasty, PVP).The PVP that belongs to Wicresoft's intervene operation character is widely used in the pain therapy that diseases such as osteoporotic compression fracture, vertebral body metastatic tumor and vertebral body hemangioma cause in recent years.Traditional P VP technology is that the percutaneous puncture pedicle of vertebral arch is injected bone cement to vertebral body under C type arm perspective.Because spine structure is complicated and changeable, adjoins important nerve, percutaneous cervical arc root puncture operation has great risk to the patient.Even under C type arm is participated in, can monitor operation process in real time, but the precision of operation still relies on operator individual's experience largely by perspective fashion.Wear out pedicle of vertebral arch and get into caused spinal cord of canalis spinalis or nerve root injury, and wear out complication such as pleura during fracture of rib and all happen occasionally.If combine the guiding of CT appearance; Can compress vertebral body to severe and carry out three-dimensional reconstruction; Help the doctor before operation, accurately to design operation plans such as point of puncture, inserting needle direction, angle and the degree of depth; Cause injury because of the continuous perspective of C type arm causes X-radiation in having avoided the human error and having performed the operation, still can also can pass through the accurate evaluating efficacy of graphics after the end of performing the operation after the puncture through three-dimensional reconstruction checking puncture needle position in sick vertebra.It is thus clear that development has C type arm configuration characteristics, can realize three-dimensional imaging safely, fast, flexibly and reliably, having than image documentation equipment in the operation of big technological innovation is the clinical an urgent demand of interventional medicine (also comprising the part radiotherapy).But based on the fixing imaging system in the three-dimensional art of circular arc scanning technique of traditional hot electronics X source and frame, have that imaging time is long, temporal resolution is low, caused many defectives such as motion artifacts and amount of radiation be big.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention is to provide a kind of operation with bimodal realtime imaging device; Existing CT appearance is improved; Adopt some emission X shooting light sources to make up double-mode imaging system attitude; Realize that the bimodal fast projection data acquisition line reconstruction of going forward side by side obtains three-dimensional tomographic image, thereby improve the effectiveness of imaging in temporal resolution and the operation greatly.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of operation to use the bimodal Real Time Image System; Adopt an emission X shooting light source to make up double-mode imaging system attitude; Realize that the bimodal fast projection data acquisition line reconstruction of going forward side by side obtains three-dimensional tomographic image, thereby improve the effectiveness of imaging in temporal resolution and the operation greatly.
Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of operation with bimodal realtime imaging method, realizes data acquisition, processing and the image reconstruction of operation with the bimodal Real Time Image System.
The content of describing in the background technology of the present invention maybe be with reference to used structure and the method for existing equipment.Yet such reference there is no need to be interpreted as admits that these structures and method are qualified as prior art under applicable legal provisions.Applicant's reserved power proves that the theme of any reference becomes prior art inadequately with respect to the present invention.The present invention is applied to real-time diagnosis imaging system in the operation especially, as: computer tomography (Computed Tomography, CT), particularly relate to cone-beam computed tomography (Cone Beam Computed Tomography, CT).Yet, will recognize that also described technology can also be applied in the middle of mixing or other medical science schemes or other Medical Technologies.
A kind of operation provided by the invention comprises with bimodal realtime imaging device
Gantry is fixed in the CT appearance;
Some x-ray sources are arranged at intervals at the gantry medial surface along 180 ° of semi arches;
Controller is coupled with x-ray source, and x-ray source is controlled;
X-ray detector is arranged at gantry, is used to receive X ray;
The CT image reconstructor is used to receive the CT scan data from X-ray detector, and rebuilds the CT image.
The present invention performs the operation with bimodal realtime imaging device, and x-ray source and X-ray detector are arranged at gantry face-to-face, promptly the X ray direction sent of X-ray detector and x-ray source over against.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that term " over against " be to be understood that all or part of X ray that sends for part or all of x-ray source can be detected by X-ray detector.As: gantry comprises upper frame and lower frame, and when x-ray source was arranged on upper frame frame top, X-ray detector was arranged at the bottom of the lower frame frame, so that the X ray that is sent all can be received by X-ray detector; In the time of at the bottom of x-ray source is arranged on the lower frame frame, X-ray detector is arranged on upper frame frame top.For another example: when x-ray source was arranged on upper frame, X-ray detector was arranged on the medial surface of lower frame both sides; When x-ray source was arranged on lower frame, X-ray detector was arranged on the medial surface of upper frame both sides.And for example: when x-ray source was arranged on upper frame, X-ray detector was arranged at the bottom of the lower frame frame and the medial surface of both sides; When x-ray source was arranged on lower frame, X-ray detector was arranged on the medial surface of upper frame frame top and both sides.And for example: when x-ray source was arranged on the medial surface of upper frame frame top (central source) and both sides (sidepiece source), X-ray detector was arranged on lower frame, to obtain corrective surgery position normotopia and both sides side bit image.
X-ray detector is preferentially selected the X-ray plane detector, has the width that is equivalent to body to be formed images (as: corrective surgery position) maximum cross section span 60 percent.X-ray detector is a charge coupled device, as: but be not limited only to CMOS or CCD device.
During imaging; Under controller control; X-ray source sends X ray with pulse mode in order, and X-ray detector receives the X ray that sees through body to be formed images (patient with in the operation is an example), and generation is crossed the successive X-ray scanning band of corrective surgery position cross section and do not moved the patient.X-ray detector is sent to the CT image reconstructor with the CT scan data of obtaining, and rebuilding the CT image, and to next step operation reference is provided.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the interval of each x-ray source that is adopted is more little in order to improve the resolution of scanning, resolution is high more, and promptly x-ray source quantity is many more on the unit are, and resolution is high more.The present invention performs the operation with bimodal realtime imaging device, and x-ray source quantity is at least 3, and forms an array, with greater than the span of maximum cross section, corrective surgery position across.For obtaining effective image, x-ray source quantity is preferably selected greater than 20.
The preferential a kind of x-ray source selected of the present invention sends the cone type X-ray bundle, and is directed to X-ray detector.The preferential another kind of x-ray source of selecting of the present invention is field-emission X-ray tube.The cathode material of field-emission X-ray tube is a monodimension nanometer material, as: but be not limited only to the group of at least a nanometer rods/nano wire in CNT, carbon nano-fiber, metal, metallic oxide, silicon, carborundum, silicon dioxide, carbonitride, boron nitride, Norbide. or the chalkogenide.
The preferential another kind of x-ray source of selecting of the present invention, its pulse generation frequency range is 0.1KHz-100KHz.
Controller control x-ray source is sequentially sent out pulse.It adopts according to from sensor information, the manual pulse train of the long-pending profile of strength vertebral body of at least one generation input or the swept-volume data of initially waiting to form images.
The bimodal Real Time Image System is used in a kind of operation provided by the invention, comprises
Some x-ray sources, the 180 ° of semi arches in edge are arranged at intervals at the medial surface of gantry;
X-ray detector is arranged at gantry, is used to receive the X ray that some x-ray sources send;
Some x-ray sources send X ray with pulse mode in order, and are received by X-ray detector, during CT gathers, generate the successive X-ray scanning band that passes the body interface of waiting to form images.
The present invention provides a kind of operation with bimodal realtime imaging method; Make the impulsing of the x-ray source that the 180 ° of semi arches in some edges are provided with at interval (or array of forming by some x-ray sources) order, pass the successive X-ray scanning band of body to be formed images (patient with in the operation is an example) with generation; X-ray detector receives X ray, to gather the CT scan data; The CT scan data are reconstructed into the CT view data.
Another kind of operation provided by the invention is with bimodal realtime imaging method; Make several x-ray sources evenly spaced apart impulsing sequentially that is coupled to fixing 180 ° of circular arc interscan framves, pass the successive X-ray scanning band of the lateral cross section of body to be formed images (as: corrective surgery position) with generation; Being coupled to gantry and receiving X ray, to gather the CT scan data by being fan-shaped relative X-ray detector place with x-ray source; Obtain corrective surgery position normotopia and both sides side bit image in real time, rebuild axle position faultage image through all x-ray sources simultaneously.
The pulse train of x-ray source is definite according to body to be formed images (as: corrective surgery position) profile, or confirm through desired images resolution.Wait to form images the body profile by one or more pick offs, manually import or wait the to form images initial part of scanning of body is confirmed.
The present invention also provides a kind of computer-readable medium or processor, is loaded with software to implement to be used to carry out the instruction of operation provided by the invention with bimodal realtime imaging method.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme of the present invention realizes:
Operation provided by the invention is used the x-ray source in 180 ° of circular arcs of plurality of fixed with bimodal realtime imaging device, system or method, through programme-control, can open moment or close, and need not preheating, thereby has effectively increased acquisition speed.A plurality of x-ray sources have also significantly reduced the radiation dose to the patient, have reduced the infringement of X ray to the patient.
The present invention adopts fixed gantry, does not need the rotation sweep frame, is used in combination minimonitor, and flat panel detector has particularly reduced the cost and the gross weight of device or system.The present invention has also realized the improvable motion correction of scanning process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of bimodal Real Time Image System graphic extension that is used to perform the operation provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is the system diagram explanation of the overlapped fov of a kind of field emission X ray emitter provided by the invention.
The specific embodiment
Describe technical scheme of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.The embodiment of the invention is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although the present invention is specified with reference to preferred embodiment; Those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; Can make amendment or be equal to replacement the technical scheme of invention, and not break away from the spirit and the scope of technical scheme of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the claim scope of the present invention.
The described system and method for each embodiment of following the present invention is through providing a plurality of little field emission x-ray sources; Carry out realtime imaging in the bimodal art, wherein a plurality of little x-ray sources be distributed in around with flat panel detector over against the arc medial surface of fixing 180 ° of semi arch gantrys in.Fig. 1 is a kind of bimodal Real Time Image System that is used to perform the operation, and this imaging system is made up of hardware and software.Imaging system 1 comprises the support 9 (as: workbench or chaise longue) that is used to carry the experimenter; Support 9 optionally moves up and down and locatees along the axle of workbench; Will be to be positioned at the height and the lengthwise position place of expectation by the experimenter of imaging or inspection, for example: is the center from patient 5 operative site cervical vertebra 7 with the longitudinal axis of imaging system.Workbench comprises pallet 8; This pallet 8 can be parallel to the longitudinal axis that passes fixing circular arc gantry and move, thereby can patient's operative site be moved in the field of view (FOV) of imaging system so that by detector 6 and randomly be carried out to picture by a plurality of x-ray sources and dull and stereotyped CT such as the field emission x-ray source 2 with electronic emitter (not shown).
The patient image data of being surveyed (as: CT data) is received by the work station (not shown), and this work station comprises and is used for suitable hardware and software that carries out image rebuilds etc., is used for the image of on user interface 14, being checked by the operator with generation.
System also comprises data storage 10, and this data storage is coupled to gantry 3, storage raw image data (as: CT data).Data storage is coupled to reconstruction processor 11, and this reconstruction processor is rebuild the image volume of the operative site cervical vertebra 7 that is scanned and represented.In one embodiment, a plurality of image volume of reconstruction processor 11 reconstructions are represented (as: CT data).Then, adopt CT image volume data to proofread and correct the decay in the nuclear image volume data, CT image volume data show individually.
Then, volumetric image data is stored in the volume image memory 12, image volume processor 12 adopts CT image volume data, is used for correcting image volume data decay pattern with generation.Then, on user interface 14, the operator is presented calibrated image volume.In addition, on user interface, show the CT image volume.
User interface 14 also is coupled to control place and buries device 15, and expectation during device is gathered according to CT is buried in this control place or predetermined pulse mode activates field emission x-ray source 2.In addition; For example, thereby need to use less emission source, carry out the CT data acquisition to utilize on the fixing circular arc radiographic source array of gantry to switch when the cross section at corrective surgery position is enough little; When for example head scanned, processor controls can optionally replace in all x-ray sources.The mensuration of corrective surgery position volume can be such as through adopting one or more pick off (not shown) automatically, perhaps can be (as: the using user interface etc.) that the user imports.In another embodiment, corrective surgery position volume can be based on the initial part of the CT scan of operative site, thereby the real-time optimization of pulse mode is provided.
2 of x-ray sources across arc be enough, thereby by flat panel detector receive from the X ray of multiple source whole cross-sectional dimension (for example, patient's cervical vertebra, shank ankle joint etc.) across the patient.More particularly; In source 2, adopt the small stationary field-emission X-ray tube; This field-emission X-ray tube at room temperature just can the moment opening and closing, and therefore bigger conventional thermionic emission (operating temperature is greater than 1000 degrees centigrade) is managed the cooling system that requires much less.Field launcher (not shown) on the X-ray tube has switching rate (as: with the order of magnitude of microsecond) fast, and activated X-ray tube can rapid scanning.Be also noted that owing to once have only an X-ray tube for opening, thus each X-ray tube only during the part of total X ray time for opening.For example: in system with 21 X-ray tubes, each X-ray tube only total x-ray bombardment cycle 1/21 during for opening, this makes the cooling simplification of corresponding x-ray source.Yet, also will recognize, although having described limited field emission X, Fig. 1 penetrates source 2, can adopt the field emission source of any suitable quantity.
The field emission X ray need not to cover equably patient's trunk.Or rather, as general opinion, the X ray flux is big more, and the picture quality that can rebuild is high more.Because the corrective surgery position typically is positioned at fixedly center of arc, so advantageously, the X-ray density at center that passes the corrective surgery position of being formed images is higher than periphery.This blocks minimized being avoided simultaneously of patient's radiation dose.In addition, can activate x-ray source according to the size selectivity ground of patient or the body part that is formed images.For example: when the large-scale or adult patient of scanning, can activate whole sources, yet, during scanning small-size or pediatric patient and adult head etc., can the activation center source, and two sidepiece sources maintenances do not activate; Perhaps, when needs scan patients side position, central source does not activate.
The pulse of sending out of the corresponding source sequence of each x-ray source generates successive X-ray scanning band.Simultaneously, corresponding x-ray source has the dutycycle of reduction, and this improves the cooling characteristics of system with respect to the system of routine.
In another embodiment, corresponding x-ray source is (as: 1-2mm of being separated by) pulse alternately, the cooling characteristics that this has reduced local temperature of anode and has further improved system.
System 1 has the several advantages that is superior to conventional CT imaging system, and for example: system 1 is through improving the volumetric image data picking rate from 180 ° CT track rather than 360 ° CT track reconstruction decay pattern.Owing to a large amount of overlapping motion correction that improves from the fan-shaped or cone-beam projections of different x-ray source 2, this allows the motion correction to the transmission projection of measuring in different time, as: respiratory movement is proofreaied and correct.The quantity of the x-ray source of selecting because depending on patient's size and gantry geometry in fact to use, system 1 of the present invention also is suitable for the patient of Different Individual.In the example of Fig. 1,, can use x-ray source to replace whole sources by the center for small-sized patient.Another advantage of system 1 is that it reduces the radiation dose to the patient; Through select imaging time suitably or scan the quantity of activated x-ray source at every turn; Can depend on and use and picture quality that selective system obtained, as: only be used for correction for attenuation or high quality graphic registration.Through selecting higher radiation dose to one or more x-ray sources; Can produce the high-quality CT image of the part of choosing especially of health; Thereby rebuild the organ or the part of the health relevant with better signal to noise ratio or higher counting rate, and do not have much higher patient dose with diagnosis.In axial direction extend to a large amount of sources and avoid overlapping and permission accumulated dose minimizing in the cone beam imaging.
Fig. 2 shows the graphic extension of system of the eclipsed visual field of field emission x-ray source 2.Use a plurality of small-sized field emission x-ray sources to replace the X ray of a standard or CT source to reduce cool time to patient's x-ray dose with corresponding field-emission X-ray tube.Image duration x-ray source 2 is connected the very short time at each X ray, thereby consequent fladellum or cone beam are interlocked.At 180 ° fixedly during the circular arc, resulting data can cover corrective surgery position cross section, thereby avoids blocking or use to transmission measurement the needs of 360 ° of tracks.
The placement of several liquid-cooled X-ray tubes receives the obstruction of the spatial constraints at gantry place.In addition, the liquid-cooled pipe is mobile very complicated and quite expensive.To the effective solution of this problem is the fixing layout of field emission x-ray source; Especially the layout of illustrated field emission x-ray source 2 (as: CNT field emission device) among Fig. 2, this layout comprise that several have the placement of the small-sized field-emission X-ray tube of the fixed anode target that switches in a sequential manner.Compare with fixing circular arc anode x ray pipe, because the dose distribution on several x-ray sources and because longer imaging time, the requirement of the anode current in each x-ray source of these x-ray sources is reduced significantly.This allows not have the application of the small stationary anode of liquid cooling system then, to avoid a large amount of thermic loads.
The unlatching of the field emission source of switching fast allows the design of the compactness of such field emission x-ray source.But an advantage of this layout is to switch x-ray source moment, has the X ray pulse in the microsecond scope, thus several field emission x-ray sources 2 and detector acquisition sequence become possibility synchronously.With flexible way the sequence of X ray pulse is programmed, and choosing of the quantity of x-ray source and sequence can be suitable for concrete imaging requirements.In addition, can programme to the dosage of launching from each single source individually, and reduce motion artifact owing to each x-ray source has the very short burst length.Utilize multiple-pulse and accurate triggering programming can satisfy higher dosage requirement.In another embodiment, the motion diagram of gathering As time goes on several projections can provide other control information.
In the computed tomography systems of any kind of, can adopt system 1, wherein, the visual field is because such as the small-sized X-ray detector of flat panel detector 2 and limited.Can adopt system 1 to be used for volume imagery, for example: use the computer tomography of carrying out such as flat panel detector.

Claims (19)

1. an operation is characterized in that comprising with bimodal realtime imaging device
Gantry is fixed in the CT appearance;
Some x-ray sources are arranged at intervals at said gantry medial surface along 180 ° of semi arches;
Controller with said x-ray source coupling, and is controlled said x-ray source;
X-ray detector is arranged at said gantry, is used to receive the X ray that said x-ray source sends;
The CT image reconstructor is used to receive the CT scan data from said X-ray detector, and rebuilds the CT image;
Said x-ray source and said X-ray detector are provided with on said gantry face-to-face.
2. operation according to claim 1 is with bimodal realtime imaging device; It is characterized in that under said controller control; Said x-ray source sends pulse in proper order; Said X-ray detector receives the X ray that sees through the body of waiting to form images, and generates the successive X-ray scanning band that crosses the said body cross section of waiting to form images.
3. operation according to claim 1 is characterized in that with bimodal realtime imaging device said x-ray source quantity is at least 3.
4. operation according to claim 1 is characterized in that with bimodal realtime imaging device said x-ray source quantity is greater than 20.
5. operation according to claim 1 is characterized in that with bimodal realtime imaging device said x-ray source is directed to said X-ray detector with the cone type X-ray bundle.
6. operation according to claim 1 is characterized in that with bimodal realtime imaging device said x-ray source is a field-emission X-ray tube, and its cathode material is a monodimension nanometer material.
7. operation according to claim 6 is with bimodal realtime imaging device, it is characterized in that said monodimension nanometer material is selected from least a nanometer rods or the group of nano wire in CNT, carbon nano-fiber, metal, metallic oxide, silicon, carborundum, silicon dioxide, carbonitride, boron nitride, Norbide. or the chalkogenide.
8. operation according to claim 1 is with bimodal realtime imaging device, and the pulse generation frequency range that it is characterized in that said each x-ray source is 0.1KHz-100KHz.
9. operation according to claim 1 is with bimodal realtime imaging device, it is characterized in that said some x-ray sources form an array, with greater than the span of the body region maximum cross section of waiting to form images across, to obtain image.
10. operation according to claim 1 is with bimodal realtime imaging device, it is characterized in that said X-ray detector has the width of the body maximum cross section span 60 percent that is equivalent to wait to form images.
11. operation according to claim 1, is characterized in that said ray detector is a charge coupled device with bimodal realtime imaging device.
12. operation according to claim 1, is characterized in that said charge coupled device is CMOS or CCD device with bimodal realtime imaging device.
13. operation according to claim 1, is characterized in that said controller adopts according to from sensor information, manual input or initially the wait pulse train of cervical vertebra volume profile of at least one generation the swept-volume data that forms images with bimodal realtime imaging device.
14. the bimodal Real Time Image System is used in an operation, it is characterized in that comprising
Some x-ray sources are arranged at intervals at the gantry medial surface along 180 ° of semi arches;
X-ray detector is arranged at said gantry, is used to receive the X ray that some said x-ray sources send;
Some x-ray sources send X ray with pulse mode in order, and are received by X-ray detector, during CT gathers, generate the successive X-ray scanning band that passes the body interface of waiting to form images.
15. an operation with bimodal realtime imaging method, is characterized in that making the impulsing of the x-ray source order that the 180 ° of semi arches in some edges are provided with at interval, passes the successive X-ray scanning band of the body of waiting to form images with generation; X-ray detector receives X ray, to gather the CT scan data; The CT scan data are reconstructed into the CT view data.
16. an operation is with bimodal realtime imaging method; It is characterized in that making several x-ray sources evenly spaced apart impulsing sequentially that is coupled to fixing 180 ° of circular arc interscan framves, pass the successive X-ray scanning band of the lateral cross section of the body of waiting to form images with generation; Being coupled to gantry and receiving X ray, to gather the CT scan data by being fan-shaped relative X-ray detector place with x-ray source; Obtain corrective surgery position normotopia and both sides side bit image in real time, rebuild axle position faultage image through all x-ray sources simultaneously.
17. operation according to claim 16, is characterized in that the pulse train of said x-ray source is according to waiting the body section that forms images with bimodal realtime imaging method.
18. operation according to claim 17, is characterized in that the said body profile of waiting to form images is by one or more pick offs, manually import or wait the to form images initial part of scanning of body is confirmed with bimodal realtime imaging method.
19. computer-readable medium or processor, it is loaded with software to implement to be used to carry out the instruction of method as claimed in claim 16.
CN201210035211XA 2012-02-16 2012-02-16 Bi-modal real-time imaging device for surgery, system and method thereof Pending CN102551783A (en)

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