CN102540448B - Optical system for telescope - Google Patents
Optical system for telescope Download PDFInfo
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- CN102540448B CN102540448B CN201110444799.XA CN201110444799A CN102540448B CN 102540448 B CN102540448 B CN 102540448B CN 201110444799 A CN201110444799 A CN 201110444799A CN 102540448 B CN102540448 B CN 102540448B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical system for a telescope. The optical system is an axisymmetric circular lens. According to the sequence of a light path, the front surface and the rear surface of the lens respectively comprise a circular aperture concentric with an optical axis and located in the centre of the lens and an annular aperture surrounding the circular aperture; and the surface shapes of the circular aperture and the annular aperture are axisymmetric aspheric surfaces or spherical surfaces. For the front surface of the lens, the central circular aperture of the front surface of the lens is a concave surface plated with an internal reflection film, and the annular aperture of the front surface of the lens is a convex surface plated with a reducing reflection film; and for the rear surface of the lens, the central circular aperture of the rear surface of the lens is a convex surface plated with a reducing reflection film, and the annular aperture of the rear surface of the lens is a concave surface plated with an internal reflection film. According to the invention, the telescope system on a single lens is realized, the number of the lens is reduced, material cost and processing cost are reduced, and the advantages of refracting telescopes and reflecting telescopes are reserved. With strong aberration correction ability, short light path, wide field, good image quality and convenience for carrying, the optical system is suitable for preparing glasses telescopes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical element, particularly a kind of telescopic optical system.
Background technology
Telescope is the optical instrument of observing remote object.Telescopic optical system is made up of object lens and eyepiece, and the rear focus of object lens and the focus in object space of eyepiece overlap, and telescopical magnification equals the ratio of objective focal length and eyepiece focal length.Telescopical main Types is Galileo type and Kepler's type.The telescopical object lens of Galileo type are that positive focal length, eyepiece are negative focal length, have simple in structure, tube length is short, object becomes the advantage of erect image, but enlargement ratio can not be too large, is generally no more than 6～8 times, can be used as common observation telescope.Kepler's type telescope has object lens and the eyepiece of positive focal length, therefore has middle real image, can be used for aiming at and location, but institute's imaging is inverted image, and optical path length, is now widely used telescope configuration pattern, if be used as observation, need add relay system.
Mainly contain three kinds of versions as the telescope objective of telescope critical piece: refraction type, reflective and refraction-reflection.Refraction type telephotolens is simple in structure, 2～3 of eyeglass numbers, and easily manufactured, optical energy loss is little, and aberration is easy to proofread and correct, and institute's imaging is inverted image.Than reflective, refraction-reflection system, under identical objective focal length condition, its tube length is the longest, and focal length is suitable.Astronomical telescope is commonly used reflective telephotolens.Because the optics bore that astronomical telescope needs is very large, surface figure accuracy when homogeneity when refraction type object lens cannot guarantee glass melting and use.Reflect system is without correcting chromatic aberration, and system tube length is short, but aperture has part to block, and optical energy loss is large.Common reflective telephotolens, is mainly system in Cassegrain system and Ge Lie fruit, and wherein Cassegrain system primary mirror is parabolic lens, and secondary mirror is hyperboloid, and institute's imaging is inverted image; In lattice row fruit, the primary mirror of system is parabola, and secondary mirror is ellipsoid, and institute's imaging is erect image.Reflecting system is very difficult to the correction of off-axis aberration, and therefore the field angle of reflecting system is generally all smaller.Mirror-lens system, take a catoptron as basis, adds refracting element, is used for spherical aberration corrector, has obtained good effect.More typical mirror-lens system has Schmidt objective and Maksutov objective.Schmidt objective is made up of primary mirror sphere and Schmidt corrector.Correction plate is a transmissive element, and one of them face is plane, and another face is aspheric surface.This system focal plane, between correction plate and primary mirror sphere, need be drawn outside light path by catoptron when observation.Maksutov objective is made up of primary mirror sphere and curved month type thick lens.Equally, the focal plane of Maksutov objective also, between curved month type thick lens and primary mirror sphere, need to be drawn outside light path by catoptron.
Be the optical system with large visual field, small-bore as the eyepiece of another important component part of telescope, can design separately, mainly contain Huygens eyepiece, Ramsden ocular, Kellner eyepiece, Ke Nixi eyepiece, symmetric eyepiece and wide-angle eyepiece etc.Above eyepiece is positive focal length, and eyeglass number is more than 2 and 2, for Kepler's type telescope.
Can be known by above analysis, telescopic system by two, object lens and eyepiece independently optical system form, the simplest Galileo telescope also at least needs a slice to have the object lens of positive focal length and a slice to have the eyepiece of negative focal length, the telescopical eyeglass number of Kepler's type is just more, object lens and eyepiece are added up eyeglass number at least more than four, if as overview, also must add relay system, mainly refer to prism or catoptron relay system.In addition, refraction type telephotolens cannot meet the needs of heavy caliber astronomical telescope, and light path is longer, carries very inconvenient; Reflective telephotolens bore is large, and tube length is short, but very difficult to the correction of off-axis aberration, visual field is less; Comparatively speaking, the telephotolens system tube length of transmissive plus reflective is short, and its picture element is better than reflect system, but is unfavorable for observing.Visible, traditional telescopic system image-forming component is many, and manufacture testing cost is high, complex structure, cannot accomplish that both external form was small and exquisite, is easy to carry, and can guarantee again certain observation visual field.
Chinese utility model patent " telescopic optical system of ultra-thin dress " (CN 2802534Y) discloses a kind of telescope of ultra-thin dress.This patent exploitation four plane mirrors composition inverted image systems, inverted image light path is placed in same plane, and system axial length is shortened greatly, object lens adopt a slice aspheric surface convex lens, eyepiece adopts two aspheric surface convex lens.The ultra-thin dress telescopic system that this patent proposes, the repeatedly turnover by level crossing to light path, reaches the object that shortens tube length, has realized ultra-thin effect, has realized external form pocketing, the suitable telescopic spectacles of doing.But the optical path length of this telephotolens system reality does not shorten, and still belongs to traditional refraction type telephotolens system.
Chinese invention patent " a kind of wearable telescope " (CN 1389750A) discloses a kind of wearable telescope, the plane mirror of this invention is identical with level crossing angulation with the plane of incidence of object lens angulation and boot-shaped roof prism, boot-shaped roof prism exit facet is parallel with eyepiece, and the plane of incidence of boot-shaped roof prism and plane mirror angulation are 45 °.Although the telephotolens system compact conformation that this patent relates to, volume is very little, and the object lens of system and eyepiece are monolithic convex lens, and image quality is difficult to assurance, and bore and field angle also can not be done greatly, belong to traditional refraction type telephotolens system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of light path short, visual field is large, and aberration correcting capability is strong, the telescopic optical system that system picture element is high.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is: a kind of telescopic optical system is provided, it is the axisymmetric circular eyeglass of a slice, by light path order, the front surface of eyeglass and rear surface comprise that respectively, the circular aperture that is positioned at center of lens concentric with optical axis and one surround the annular aperture of this circular aperture, and their face shape is axisymmetric aspheric surface or sphere; The front surface of described eyeglass, its central circular aperture is the concave surface that is coated with internal reflection film, its bore be less than or equal to eyeglass unified 30%, its annular aperture is the convex surface that is coated with antireflecting film; The rear surface of described eyeglass, its central circular aperture is the convex surface that is coated with antireflecting film, its bore be less than or equal to eyeglass unified 30%, its annular aperture is the concave surface that is coated with internal reflection film.
The front surface of described eyeglass, the distance between its center circular aperture face and the summit of looping pit diametric plane on optical axis is less than or equal to 3mm.
The rear surface of described eyeglass, the distance between its center circular aperture face and the summit of looping pit diametric plane on optical axis is less than or equal to 3mm.
Described eyeglass, its material is optical plastic, optical glass or optical crystal.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: on a monolithic, realized telescopic system, reduced eyeglass number, reduced material cost and processing cost; On a monolithic, realize the combination of refraction and reflection, retained the advantage of refraction and autocollimator, improved aberration correcting capability by plane of refraction, compared autocollimator and increased visual field; By reflecting surface, greatly shorten again optical path length, be 1/5～1/3 of general telescope optical path length, make telescope miniaturization, be easy to carry, be particularly suitable for doing glasses telescope; Adopt aspheric surface, improved system picture element; Specular material can be optical plastic, optical glass or optical crystal, and material is cheap, be easy to get, with low cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the monolithic refracting-reflecting telescope optical system that provides of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical axial aberration figure of the optical system that provides of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the wave aberration figure of the optical system that provides of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the curvature of field/distortion figure of the optical system that provides of the embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, first refractive face; 2, the first reflecting surface; 3, the second reflecting surface; 4, the second plane of refraction; 5, emergent pupil face; 6, as plane.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of telescopic optical system, and lens materials adopts optical plastic, and optical system specific targets are as follows:
Telephotolens clear aperture: φ 40mm;
Telescope enlargement ratio: 5.5;
Operation wavelength: 0.4861 μ m～0.6563 μ m;
Full visual field: 2.6 °.
The telephotolens optical system that the present embodiment provides, this telephotolens optical system is the axisymmetric circular eyeglass of a slice, by light path order, the front surface of eyeglass and rear surface comprise that respectively, the circular aperture that is positioned at center of lens concentric with optical axis and one surround the annular aperture of this circular aperture, and their face shape is axisymmetric aspheric surface or sphere; The front surface of described eyeglass, its central circular aperture is the concave surface that is coated with internal reflection film, its bore be less than or equal to eyeglass unified 30%, its annular aperture is the convex surface that is coated with antireflecting film; The rear surface of described eyeglass, its central circular aperture is the convex surface that is coated with antireflecting film, its bore be less than or equal to eyeglass unified 30%, its annular aperture is the concave surface that is coated with internal reflection film.Emergent pupil face place arranges a slice perfect lens, and focal length is 16.9mm.
Referring to Fig. 1, it is the structural representation of the telescopic optical system that provides of the present embodiment, by light path order, first the directional light of incident passes through first refractive face 1, it is the annular aperture of lens front surface, be refracted to the first reflecting surface 2, be on the annular aperture of eyeglass rear surface, then reflex to the second reflecting surface 3, on the circular aperture of lens front surface, then reflex to the second plane of refraction 4, be on the circular aperture of eyeglass rear surface, after refraction, to emergent pupil face 5 places, so far form a complete telescopic optical system with parallel light emergence.This system directional light incident, parallel light emergence, imaging is erect image, human eye can directly be observed, and has formed an one chip telescopic system.For evaluating the picture element of this system, at emergent pupil face, a slice perfect lens is placed at 5 places, and focal length is 16.9mm, and the effect of simulation human eye makes the finally imaging in picture plane 6 of directional light of system outgoing.
In the present embodiment, the surface in four kinds of apertures on one chip telescope is axisymmetric aspheric surface, and aspheric surface can be secondary aspherical or high order aspheric surface.The surface in these four kinds of apertures can be also sphere, but poor than aspheric surface picture element.
This optical system concrete structure design parameter as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1
Table 2
One-tenth-value thickness 1/10 from table 1 can find out, the distance between face and face will suitably be controlled, to guarantee that two apertures on same surface on eyeglass are in the natural transition of borderline region face shape, so that processing.In the present embodiment, the distance between first refractive face 1 and the second summit of reflecting surface 3 on optical axis controls to 0.49mm, and the distance between the second reflecting surface 3 to second summits of plane of refraction 4 on optical axis controls to 0.21mm.Working control amount can change according to the difference of face shape.
In the present embodiment, the telescopical visual field of 5.5x reaches 2.6 °, compares and the left and right that is doubled, the visual field of general autocollimator, and this is because increased plane of refraction, and has adopted aspheric surface, has improved the result of aberration correcting capability; In embodiment, lens thickness is about 32mm, be same multiplying power, 1/3rd left and right with bore Galileo type telescope light path, same multiplying power, 1/5th left and right with bore Kepler type telescope optical path length, be conducive to telescopical pocketing, make this system be applicable to very much making glasses telescope, be both easy to carry, easy to use, reduce and finish structure manufacturing cost again; The aperture the ratio of obstruction of the present embodiment is only 21%, is less than the ratio of obstruction of general autocollimator 30%, and optical energy loss is relatively little.In embodiment, specular material can be optical plastic, also can adopt other optical material with good transmissivity and good coated reflection rate, as optical glass and optical crystal.
Referring to accompanying drawing 2, in figure, provide the vertical axial aberration figure of the present embodiment telescopic optical system.In the present embodiment, perfect lens focal length is 16.9mm, shows to enter the interior 16.9 μ m of the corresponding image planes of 1mrad angle disperse of this perfect lens.Therefore, as can be seen from Figure 2, except the vertical axial aberration of visual field, edge is in ± 2mrad, the vertical axial aberration of other visual fields all in ± 1mrad, better performances.
Referring to accompanying drawing 3, in figure, provide the wave aberration figure of the present embodiment telescopic optical system.As seen from Figure 3, on its axle, wave aberration is less than 0.3 λ, and the maximum wave aberration of other visual fields is less than 3.6 λ, and picture element is better.
Referring to accompanying drawing 4, the curvature of field/distortion figure of the present embodiment telescopic optical system is provided in figure, as seen from Figure 4, the astigmatism of system is less, and distortion is less than 6%.
As can be seen from the above results, the present embodiment has been realized telescopic system on a monolithic, has reduced eyeglass number, has reduced material and processing cost; On a monolithic, realize the combination of refraction and reflection, made this system have the advantage of the two concurrently: both can keep a larger visual field, can shorten optical path length simultaneously.
Claims (4)
1. a telescopic optical system, it is characterized in that: it is the axisymmetric circular eyeglass of a slice, by light path order, the front surface of eyeglass and rear surface comprise that respectively, the circular aperture that is positioned at center of lens concentric with optical axis and one surround the annular aperture of this circular aperture, and the face shape of described circular aperture and described annular aperture is axisymmetric aspheric surface; The front surface of described eyeglass, its central circular aperture is the concave surface that is coated with internal reflection film, its bore be less than or equal to eyeglass unified 30%, its annular aperture is the convex surface that is coated with antireflecting film; The rear surface of described eyeglass, its central circular aperture is the convex surface that is coated with antireflecting film, its bore be less than or equal to eyeglass unified 30%, its annular aperture is the concave surface that is coated with internal reflection film.
2. a kind of telescopic optical system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the front surface of described eyeglass, the distance between its center circular aperture face and the summit of looping pit diametric plane on optical axis is less than or equal to 3mm.
3. a kind of telescopic optical system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the rear surface of described eyeglass, the distance between its center circular aperture face and the summit of looping pit diametric plane on optical axis is less than or equal to 3mm.
4. a kind of telescopic optical system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described eyeglass, its material is optical plastic, optical glass or optical crystal.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110444799.XA CN102540448B (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2011-12-27 | Optical system for telescope |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110444799.XA CN102540448B (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2011-12-27 | Optical system for telescope |
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| CN102540448A CN102540448A (en) | 2012-07-04 |
| CN102540448B true CN102540448B (en) | 2014-05-14 |
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| CN201110444799.XA Expired - Fee Related CN102540448B (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2011-12-27 | Optical system for telescope |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102621666B (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2014-05-14 | 苏州大学 | Telescope objective optical system |
| CN108957725A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-07 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | Improved Schmidt telescopic optical system |
| CN109459844B (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2022-01-04 | 北京空间机电研究所 | Compact large-view-field mutual-embedded total-reflection optical system |
| CN110543006A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-12-06 | 中科院南京天文仪器有限公司 | Optical system of wide-field wide-band astronomical telescope |
| CN111897122B (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2021-07-20 | 四川大学 | Lightweight zoom telescopic glasses |
| CN112213872B (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-07-27 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Lightweight optical antenna and method for achieving capturing and tracking based on same |
| CN116755232B (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-10-20 | 苏州简测科技有限公司 | Catadioptric optical lens |
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| CN1383021A (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2002-12-04 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Optical system of refraction-regulation type broadband imaging telescope |
| CN2651770Y (en) * | 2003-10-13 | 2004-10-27 | 潘君骅 | Optical structure for popular astronomical telescope |
| CN101201450A (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2008-06-18 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Refraction-reflection type dual-waveband imaging telescope optical system |
| CN101211006A (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2008-07-02 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Refraction-diffraction mixed telescope optical system |
| US7843650B1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2010-11-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Monolithic afocal telescope |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8134778B2 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2012-03-13 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integrations Inc. | Monolithic eccentric Mersenne-Cassegrain telescope |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1383021A (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2002-12-04 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Optical system of refraction-regulation type broadband imaging telescope |
| CN2651770Y (en) * | 2003-10-13 | 2004-10-27 | 潘君骅 | Optical structure for popular astronomical telescope |
| CN101201450A (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2008-06-18 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Refraction-reflection type dual-waveband imaging telescope optical system |
| CN101211006A (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2008-07-02 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Refraction-diffraction mixed telescope optical system |
| US7843650B1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2010-11-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Monolithic afocal telescope |
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