CN102540448A - Optical system for telescope - Google Patents
Optical system for telescope Download PDFInfo
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- CN102540448A CN102540448A CN201110444799XA CN201110444799A CN102540448A CN 102540448 A CN102540448 A CN 102540448A CN 201110444799X A CN201110444799X A CN 201110444799XA CN 201110444799 A CN201110444799 A CN 201110444799A CN 102540448 A CN102540448 A CN 102540448A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical system for a telescope. The optical system is an axisymmetric circular lens. According to the sequence of a light path, the front surface and the rear surface of the lens respectively comprise a circular aperture concentric with an optical axis and located in the centre of the lens and an annular aperture surrounding the circular aperture; and the surface shapes of the circular aperture and the annular aperture are axisymmetric aspheric surfaces or spherical surfaces. For the front surface of the lens, the central circular aperture of the front surface of the lens is a concave surface plated with an internal reflection film, and the annular aperture of the front surface of the lens is a convex surface plated with a reducing reflection film; and for the rear surface of the lens, the central circular aperture of the rear surface of the lens is a convex surface plated with a reducing reflection film, and the annular aperture of the rear surface of the lens is a concave surface plated with an internal reflection film. According to the invention, the telescope system on a single lens is realized, the number of the lens is reduced, material cost and processing cost are reduced, and the advantages of refracting telescopes and reflecting telescopes are reserved. With strong aberration correction ability, short light path, wide field, good image quality and convenience for carrying, the optical system is suitable for preparing glasses telescopes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical element, particularly a kind of telescopic optical system.
Background technology
Telescope is an optical instrument of observing remote object.Telescopic optical system is made up of object lens and eyepiece, and the rear focus of object lens and the focus in object space of eyepiece overlap, and telescopical magnification equals the ratio of objective focal length and eyepiece focal length.Telescopical main type is Galileo type and Kepler's type.The telescopical object lens of Galileo type are that positive focal length, eyepiece are negative focal length, have simple in structure, tube length weak point, and object becomes the advantage of erect image, but enlargement ratio can not be too big, generally is no more than 6～8 times, can be used as common observation telescope.Kepler's type telescope has the object lens and the eyepiece of positive focal length, therefore has middle real image, can be used for aiming at and the location, but institute's imaging is an inverted image that optical path length is present widely used telescope configuration pattern, if be used as observation, needs to add relay system.
Telescope objective as the telescope critical piece mainly contains three kinds of versions: refraction type, reflective and refraction-reflection.The refraction type telephotolens is simple in structure, 2～3 of eyeglass numbers, and easily manufactured, optical energy loss is little, and aberration is easy to proofread and correct, and institute's imaging is an inverted image.Than reflective, refraction-reflection system, under identical objective focal length condition, its tube length is the longest and focal length is suitable.Astronomical telescope is used reflective telephotolens always.Because the optics bore that astronomical telescope needs is very big, the surface figure accuracy when homogeneity when the refraction type object lens can't guarantee glass melting and use.Reflect system need not correcting chromatic aberration, and system's tube length is short, but the aperture has part to block, and optical energy loss is big.Common reflective telephotolens mainly is a system in Cassegrain system and the Ge Lie fruit, and wherein the Cassegrain system primary mirror is a parabolic lens, and secondary mirror is a hyperboloid, and institute's imaging is an inverted image; The primary mirror of system is parabolic in the lattice row fruit, and secondary mirror is an ellipsoid, and institute's imaging is an erect image.Reflecting system is very difficult to the correction of off-axis aberration, so the field angle of reflecting system is generally all smaller.Mirror-lens system is the basis with a catoptron, adds refracting element, is used for spherical aberration corrector, has obtained effect preferably.More typical mirror-lens system has Schmidt objective and Maksutov objective.Schmidt objective is made up of primary mirror sphere and Schmidt corrector.Correction plate is a transmissive element, and one of them face is the plane, and another face is an aspheric surface.This system's focal plane need be drawn outside the light path by catoptron during observation between correction plate and primary mirror sphere.Maksutov objective is made up of primary mirror sphere and curved month type thick lens.Equally, the focal plane of Maksutov objective also between curved month type thick lens and primary mirror sphere, needs to draw outside the light path by catoptron.
Eyepiece as another important component part of telescope is the optical system with big visual field, small-bore, can design separately, mainly contains Huygens eyepiece, Ramsden ocular, Kai Nieer eyepiece, Ke Nixi eyepiece, symmetric eyepiece and wide-angle eyepiece etc.Above eyepiece is positive focal length, and the eyeglass number is used for Kepler's type telescope more than 2 and 2.
Can know by above analysis; Telescopic system is made up of object lens and two separate optical system of eyepiece, and the simplest Galileo telescope also needs a slice to have the object lens of positive focal length and the eyepiece that a slice has negative focal length at least, and the telescopical eyeglass number of Kepler's type is just more; Object lens and eyepiece are added up the eyeglass number at least more than four; If, also must add relay system, mainly refer to prism or catoptron relay system as overview.In addition, the refraction type telephotolens can't satisfy the needs of heavy caliber astronomical telescope, and light path is longer, carries very inconvenient; Reflective telephotolens bore is big, and tube length is short, but very difficult to the correction of off-axis aberration, the visual field is less; Comparatively speaking, the telephotolens system tube length of transmissive plus reflective is short, and its picture element is better than reflect system, but is unfavorable for observing.It is thus clear that traditional telescopic system image-forming component is many, make and detect cost height, complex structure, can't accomplish that both external form was small and exquisite, be easy to carry, can guarantee certain observation visual field again.
China's utility model patent " telescopic optical system of ultra-thin dress " (CN 2802534Y) discloses a kind of telescope of ultra-thin dress.This patent has used four plane mirrors to form the inverted image system, and the inverted image light path places in the same plane, and system axial length is shortened greatly, and object lens adopt a slice aspheric surface convex lens, and eyepiece adopts two aspheric surface convex lens.The ultra-thin dress telescopic system that this patent proposes through the repeatedly turnover of level crossing to light path, reaches the purpose that shortens tube length, has realized ultra-thin effect, has realized pocketization of external form, the suitable telescopic spectacles of doing.But the optical path length that this telephotolens system is actual does not shorten, and still belongs to traditional refraction type telephotolens system.
Chinese invention patent " a kind of wearable telescope " (CN 1389750A) discloses a kind of wearable telescope; The plane mirror of this invention is identical with the level crossing angulation with the plane of incidence of object lens angulation and boot-shaped roof prism; Boot-shaped roof prism exit facet is parallel with eyepiece, and the plane of incidence of boot-shaped roof prism and plane mirror angulation are 45 °.Though the telephotolens system compact conformation that this patent relates to, volume is very little, and the object lens of system and eyepiece are the monolithic convex lens, and image quality is difficult to guarantee that bore and field angle also can not be done greatly, belong to traditional refraction type telephotolens system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of light path short, the visual field is big, and aberration correcting capability is strong, the telescopic optical system that system's picture element is high.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is: a kind of telescopic optical system is provided; It is the axisymmetric circular eyeglass of a slice; By the light path order; The front surface of eyeglass comprises concentric with optical axis, as to be positioned at a center of lens circular aperture and an annular aperture that surrounds this circular aperture respectively with the surface, back, and their face shape is axisymmetric aspheric surface or sphere; The front surface of said eyeglass, its central circular aperture is the concave surface that is coated with the internal reflection film, its bore smaller or equal to eyeglass unified 30%, its annular aperture is the convex surface that is coated with antireflecting film; The back surface of said eyeglass, its central circular aperture is the convex surface that is coated with antireflecting film, its bore smaller or equal to eyeglass unified 30%, its annular aperture is the concave surface that is coated with the internal reflection film.
The front surface of said eyeglass, its center circular aperture face and the distance of looping pit diametric plane between the summit on the optical axis are smaller or equal to 3mm.
The back surface of said eyeglass, its center circular aperture face and the distance of looping pit diametric plane between the summit on the optical axis are smaller or equal to 3mm.
Described eyeglass, its material are optical plastic, optical glass or optical crystal.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: on a monolithic, realized telescopic system, reduced the eyeglass number, reduced material cost and processing cost; On a monolithic, realized the combination of refraction and reflection, kept the advantage of refraction and autocollimator, improved aberration correcting capability, compared autocollimator and increased the visual field through plane of refraction; Through reflecting surface, greatly shortened optical path length again, be 1/5～1/3 of general telescope optical path length, make the telescope miniaturization, be easy to carry, be particularly suitable for doing the glasses telescope; Adopt aspheric surface, improved system's picture element; Specular material can be an optical plastic, optical glass or optical crystal, and material is cheap, be easy to get, and is with low cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the catadioptric formula telescopic optical system of monolithic that provides of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical axial aberration figure of the optical system that provides of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the wave aberration figure of the optical system that provides of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the curvature of field/distortion figure of the optical system that provides of the embodiment of the invention.
Wherein, 1, first plane of refraction; 2, first reflecting surface; 3, second reflecting surface; 4, second plane of refraction; 5, emergent pupil face; 6, as the plane.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment provides a kind of telescopic optical system, and lens materials adopts optical plastic, and the optical system specific targets are following:
Telephotolens clear aperture: φ 40mm;
Telescope enlargement ratio: 5.5;
Operation wavelength: 0.4861 μ m～0.6563 μ m;
Full visual field: 2.6 °.
The telephotolens optical system that present embodiment provides; This telephotolens optical system is the axisymmetric circular eyeglass of a slice; By the light path order; The front surface of eyeglass comprises concentric with optical axis, as to be positioned at a center of lens circular aperture and an annular aperture that surrounds this circular aperture respectively with the surface, back, and their face shape is axisymmetric aspheric surface or sphere; The front surface of said eyeglass, its central circular aperture is the concave surface that is coated with the internal reflection film, its bore smaller or equal to eyeglass unified 30%, its annular aperture is the convex surface that is coated with antireflecting film; The back surface of said eyeglass, its central circular aperture is the convex surface that is coated with antireflecting film, its bore smaller or equal to eyeglass unified 30%, its annular aperture is the concave surface that is coated with the internal reflection film.Emergent pupil face place is provided with a slice perfect lens, and focal length is 16.9mm.
Referring to mistake! Do not find Reference source., it is the structural representation of the telescopic optical system that provides of present embodiment, by the light path order; The directional light of incident is at first through first plane of refraction 1, and promptly the annular aperture of lens front surface is refracted to first reflecting surface 2; Be on the annular aperture on surface behind the eyeglass, reflex to second reflecting surface 3 then, promptly on the circular aperture of lens front surface; Reflex to second plane of refraction 4 again, promptly behind the eyeglass on the circular aperture on surface, after reflecting; To emergent pupil face 5 places, so far constituted a complete telescopic optical system with parallel light emergence.This system's directional light incident, parallel light emergence, the erect image that is imaged as, but human eye Direct observation have constituted an one chip telescopic system.For estimating the picture element of this system, place a slice perfect lens at emergent pupil face 5 places, focal length is 16.9mm, the effect of simulation human eye makes the finally imaging on picture plane 6 of directional light of system's outgoing.
In the present embodiment, the surface in four kinds of apertures on the one chip telescope is an axisymmetric aspheric surface, and aspheric surface can be secondary aspherical or high order aspheric surface.The surface in these four kinds of apertures also can be a sphere, but relatively poor than the aspheric surface picture element.
This optical system concrete structure design parameter is shown in table 1 and table 2.
Table 1
Table 2
One-tenth-value thickness 1/10 from table 1 can find out that the distance between face and the face will suitably be controlled, with the natural transition borderline region face shape of two apertures guaranteeing same surface on the eyeglass, so that processing.In the present embodiment, first plane of refraction 1 and the distance of second reflecting surface 3 between the summit on the optical axis control to 0.49mm, and the distance of second reflecting surface, 3 to second planes of refraction 4 between the summit on the optical axis controls to 0.21mm.The working control amount can change according to the difference of face shape.
In the present embodiment, the telescopical visual field of 5.5x reaches 2.6 °, and about comparing visual field with general autocollimator and being doubled, this is because increased plane of refraction, and has adopted aspheric surface, has improved the result of aberration correcting capability; Among the embodiment, lens thickness is about 32mm, is same multiplying power, with about 1/3rd of bore Galileo type telescope light path; Be same multiplying power, with about 1/5th of bore Kepler type telescope optical path length; Help telescopical pocketization, make that this system is fit to make the glasses telescope very much, both be easy to carry; Easy to use, reduce again and finish body plan and cause this; The aperture the ratio of obstruction of present embodiment is merely 21%, and less than the ratio of obstruction of general autocollimator 30%, optical energy loss is less relatively.Among the embodiment, specular material can be an optical plastic, also can adopt other optical material with good transmissivity and good plated film reflectivity, like optical glass and optical crystal.
Referring to attaching mistake! Do not find Reference source., the vertical axial aberration figure of present embodiment telescopic optical system is provided among the figure.The perfect lens focal length is 16.9mm in the present embodiment, shows 16.9 μ m in the corresponding image planes of the 1mrad angle disperse that gets into this perfect lens.Therefore, can know from Fig. 2, except the vertical axial aberration of visual field, edge in ± 2mrad, the vertical axial aberration of other visual fields all in ± 1mrad, better performances.
Referring to accompanying drawing 3, the wave aberration figure of present embodiment telescopic optical system is provided among the figure.Can see that from Fig. 3 its axle is gone up wave aberration less than 0.3 λ, the maxima of waves aberration of other visual fields is less than 3.6 λ, and picture element is better.
Referring to accompanying drawing 4, the curvature of field/distortion figure of present embodiment telescopic optical system is provided among the figure, can find out that by Fig. 4 the astigmatism of system is less, and distortion is less than 6%.
Can find out that from above result present embodiment has been realized telescopic system on a monolithic, reduced the eyeglass number, has reduced material and processing cost; On a monolithic, realized the combination of refraction and reflection, made this system have the advantage of the two concurrently: both can keep a bigger visual field, can shorten optical path length simultaneously.
Claims (4)
1. telescopic optical system; It is characterized in that: it is the axisymmetric circular eyeglass of a slice; By the light path order; The front surface of eyeglass comprises concentric with optical axis, as to be positioned at a center of lens circular aperture and an annular aperture that surrounds this circular aperture respectively with the surface, back, and their face shape is axisymmetric aspheric surface or sphere; The front surface of said eyeglass, its central circular aperture is the concave surface that is coated with the internal reflection film, its bore smaller or equal to eyeglass unified 30%, its annular aperture is the convex surface that is coated with antireflecting film; The back surface of said eyeglass, its central circular aperture is the convex surface that is coated with antireflecting film, its bore smaller or equal to eyeglass unified 30%, its annular aperture is the concave surface that is coated with the internal reflection film.
2. a kind of telescopic optical system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the front surface of said eyeglass, its center circular aperture face and the distance of looping pit diametric plane between the summit on the optical axis are smaller or equal to 3mm.
3. a kind of telescopic optical system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the back surface of said eyeglass, its center circular aperture face and the distance of looping pit diametric plane between the summit on the optical axis are smaller or equal to 3mm.
4. a kind of telescopic optical system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described eyeglass, its material are optical plastic, optical glass or optical crystal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110444799.XA CN102540448B (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2011-12-27 | Optical system for telescope |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110444799.XA CN102540448B (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2011-12-27 | Optical system for telescope |
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| CN102540448A true CN102540448A (en) | 2012-07-04 |
| CN102540448B CN102540448B (en) | 2014-05-14 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102621666A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-08-01 | 苏州大学 | Telescope objective optical system |
| CN108957725A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-07 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | Improved Schmidt telescopic optical system |
| CN109459844A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-03-12 | 北京空间机电研究所 | A kind of big visual field inter-embedding type optical system of total reflection of compact |
| CN110543006A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-12-06 | 中科院南京天文仪器有限公司 | Optical system of wide-field wide-band astronomical telescope |
| CN111897122A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-06 | 四川大学 | Lightweight zoom telescopic glasses |
| CN112213872A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-01-12 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Lightweight optical antenna and method for achieving capturing and tracking based on same |
| CN116755232A (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-09-15 | 苏州简测科技有限公司 | Catadioptric optical lens |
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| CN101211006A (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2008-07-02 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Refraction-diffraction mixed telescope optical system |
| US20100284099A1 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2010-11-11 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | Monolithic Eccentric Mersenne-Cassegrain Telescope |
| US7843650B1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2010-11-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Monolithic afocal telescope |
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Patent Citations (6)
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| CN1383021A (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2002-12-04 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Optical system of refraction-regulation type broadband imaging telescope |
| CN2651770Y (en) * | 2003-10-13 | 2004-10-27 | 潘君骅 | Optical structure for popular astronomical telescope |
| CN101201450A (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2008-06-18 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Refraction-reflection type dual-waveband imaging telescope optical system |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102621666A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-08-01 | 苏州大学 | Telescope objective optical system |
| CN102621666B (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2014-05-14 | 苏州大学 | Telescope objective optical system |
| CN108957725A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-07 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | Improved Schmidt telescopic optical system |
| CN109459844A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-03-12 | 北京空间机电研究所 | A kind of big visual field inter-embedding type optical system of total reflection of compact |
| CN109459844B (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2022-01-04 | 北京空间机电研究所 | Compact large-view-field mutual-embedded total-reflection optical system |
| CN110543006A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-12-06 | 中科院南京天文仪器有限公司 | Optical system of wide-field wide-band astronomical telescope |
| CN111897122A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-06 | 四川大学 | Lightweight zoom telescopic glasses |
| CN111897122B (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2021-07-20 | 四川大学 | Lightweight zoom telescopic glasses |
| CN112213872A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-01-12 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Lightweight optical antenna and method for achieving capturing and tracking based on same |
| CN116755232A (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-09-15 | 苏州简测科技有限公司 | Catadioptric optical lens |
| CN116755232B (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-10-20 | 苏州简测科技有限公司 | Catadioptric optical lens |
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