CN102539650B - Photodetection mechanics test device for simulating deep rock explosion cracking - Google Patents
Photodetection mechanics test device for simulating deep rock explosion cracking Download PDFInfo
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- CN102539650B CN102539650B CN201110366318.8A CN201110366318A CN102539650B CN 102539650 B CN102539650 B CN 102539650B CN 201110366318 A CN201110366318 A CN 201110366318A CN 102539650 B CN102539650 B CN 102539650B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one Chemical compound C1C2C(=O)OC1C=CC2 TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photodetection mechanics test device for simulating deep rock explosion cracking, which comprises a static load system and an explosion load device, wherein the static load system can perform test sample stress load along the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the explosion load device is used for generating dynamic loads. The static load system comprises a vertically arranged base plate, four push plates and a pressure supplying system, wherein the four push plates are distributed on one side of the base plate along the upper direction, the lower direction, the left direction and the right direction, and the pressure supplying system respectively provides pressure for the push plates in the upper direction, the left direction and the right direction. The push plates tightly clamp the test sample during the moving process, the explosion load device exerts dynamic load on the test sample and really simulates an initial static stress field in a deep rock body and a dynamic stress field generated during the explosion process. With the combination of a photodetection mechanics test method, the photodetection mechanics test device achieves observation of phenomena of explosion cracking, cracking expansion and the like of the rock body under deep high land stress, and is a simple, convenient and practical device for scientific and accurate research.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical measurement mechanics experimental provision, relate in particular to a kind of optical measurement mechanics experimental provision that deep rock blast cracking is carried out to physical simulation experiment.
Background technology
Rock mass is long-term geochronic product, has the primary stress such as gravity stress and tectonic stress under native state, so any Under Dynamic Load that rock mass is subject to is all the effect on certain static stress field exists.Dynamic Fracture process and the static stress field of rock mass under Dynamic Loading has correlativity.Such as the digging laneway of constructing in Deep Mine borehole blasting, highland presses the initial static stress field producing to have an immense impact on to the propagation law of the phenomenon of rupture of rock under blast load and quick-fried raw crackle, and its initial static stress field effect can not be ignored.
At present, in physics explosion model test, the boundary condition of model is free boundary condition mostly, this theory of blasting for rock mass under research high confining pressure has certain limitation, especially adopting blast charger and optical measurement mechanics experimental technique (as moving photoelastic, moving caustic etc.) carry out in the research of blasting fracgmentation phenomenon and mechanism, adopt two dimensional surface model test piece, test specimen surrounding is without constraint, cannot true reappearance deep rock mass be blastingfracture rule and the mechanism of rock under high-ground stress, propagation law to crackle in blast Dynamic stress field can not be carried out science, comprehensively analyze and research.
For reaching real simulation geologic structure, initial static stress field effect is fully taken into account in simulation test condition, the fracturing process of accurate reproduction rock mass under dynamic load, spy has invented this experimental provision.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiency of above-mentioned existing experimental provision, the object of the invention is to the blastingfracture problem for deep rock, the experimental provision of a kind of simulated Deep ground stress combining with optical measurement mechanics and blast load is provided.
For simulating an optical measurement mechanics experimental provision for deep rock blast cracking, comprise the static loading system that can carry out along level and vertical direction test specimen stress loading, and for generation of the blast charger of dynamic load; Described static loading system comprises a base plate of vertically placing, four push pedals that distribute along upper and lower, left and right four direction in base plate one side, and be respectively, confession pressing system that left and right three direction push pedals provide pressure; Described base plate middle part has through hole, and push pedal bottoms upper, left and right three directions are movably connected on base plate, and the push pedal of bottom direction is fixed on base plate, and test specimen is fixed between four push pedals; The loading end of described blast charger is carried in the big gun hole at test specimen middle part from both sides correspondence by the through hole on base plate, and the other end of blast charger is fixed in the push pedal of bottom direction.
Describedly comprise three cylinders, tensimeter, valve and air compressor for pressing system, three cylinders are connected in parallel, and the cylinder pole pair of three cylinders should be connected to, in the push pedal of left and right three directions; Tensimeter and valve are connected on the connecting line between air compressor and cylinder in parallel.
In the parallel branch of described three cylinders, be also connected with respectively sub-control valve and sub-control tensimeter.
The surface that described push pedal contacts with test specimen is provided with groove, and test specimen limit portion is stuck in groove.
The outer side surface that described push pedal contacts with test specimen is provided with card rib, and card rib contacts with test specimen outside surface, and test specimen inside surface is close on base plate.
On the push pedal body of described upper, left and right direction, be also provided with groove along moving direction, be inserted with bolt in groove, bolt is connected between base plate and push pedal.
The advantage of the optical measurement mechanics experimental provision for deep rock blastingfracture of the present invention is: (1) adopts after this experimental provision, can change the boundary condition of areal model test specimen, test specimen is applied to confined pressure, realized the simulation of deep rock mass stress field; (2) can regulate and control test specimen surrounding confined pressure loading procedure, can change the force value of level and longitudinal all directions, be applicable to the simulation of multiple stress field; (3) adopt card rib or groove to hold test specimen, ensured the reliability and the dirigibility that hold meanwhile, also can make blast load produce Dynamic stress field in test specimen plane, realize the true reappearance of deep rock blastingfracture process.(4) this device is specially adapted to the moving caustic in optical measurement mechanics experiment and moves the photoelastic experiment that waits, for rule and the mechanism of research deep rock mass blastingfracture provide reliable experimental facilities; (5) whole experimental provision is simple in structure, easy to operate, is easy to realize and safeguard.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the A-A of Fig. 1 is to cut-open view.
Embodiment
Center of the present invention is: in the mode of testing, test specimen is applied to confined pressure, terrestrial stress in simulation deep rock, in test specimen model, produce initial static stress field, then by explosion test, and adopt optical measurement mechanics method to observe blastingfracture process, with reach research deep be blasting fracgmentation phenomenon and the mechanism that rock mass is depressed on highland, for geology excavate and blasting process scientific basis is provided.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1, Fig. 2, the present invention is described in further detail:
For simulating an optical measurement mechanics experimental provision for deep rock blast cracking, mainly comprise two parts: a part is the static loading system that can carry out along level and vertical direction test specimen stress loading; Another part is the blast charger 10 for generation of dynamic load.Static loading system, for simulating the terrestrial stress phenomenon of deep rock, forms the initial static stress field of test specimen.Blast charger 10, for loading and the control of test specimen 11 explosion tests, makes test specimen 11 produce blastingfracture process, to realize observation and the research to fracturing process.
Static loading system comprises a square base plate 7 of vertically placing, and is distributed with four push pedals 9 in base plate 7 one sides along upper and lower, left and right four direction, and be respectively, confession pressing system that left and right three direction push pedals provide pressure.Push pedal bottoms upper, left and right three directions are movably connected on base plate 7, and can move along base plate 7.The push pedal of bottom direction is fixed on base plate 7, and test specimen 11 is fixed between four push pedals 9.
Wherein, need for ease of the blast installation of charger 10 and the observation of optical measurement mechanics experimental provision, also have through hole 8 at base plate 7 middle parts, the large I of through hole 8 is determined according to the size of sample dimensions and blast charger 10 and optical measurement mechanics experimental provision.In loading procedure, push pedals upper, left and right three directions need to be moved along base plate 7, therefore be also provided with groove 12 along moving direction on the push pedal body of upper, left and right three directions, in groove 12, be inserted with bolt, bolt one end is fixed on base plate 7, the other end is connected with push pedal 9 through groove 12 is rear, groove 12 has ensured also can be subject to when push pedal 9 is moved the restriction of screw rod, prevent that moving direction from deflecting, and after moving into place, bolt also can be realized being fixedly connected with between push pedal 9 and base plate 7.
Comprise three cylinders 6, three sub-control valves 4, three sub-control tensimeters 5 for pressing system, and be connected to air compressor 1 and export general pressure table 3 and the total valve 2 on main line.Three cylinders 6 are connected in parallel, and sub-control valve 4 and sub-control tensimeter 5 are connected into after three groups and are connected respectively in the parallel branch of three cylinders 6, directly show and three cylinders 6 controlling on branch road are worked, and adjust the size of pressure.The cylinder pole pair of three cylinders 6 should be connected to, the push pedal back of left and right three directions, drive these three direction push pedals to move on base plate 7, thereby in the plane of test specimen 11, form initial static stress field, realized test specimen 11 simulation of terrestrial stress in direction in the horizontal and vertical direction.
The loading end of blast charger 10 is carried in the big gun hole at test specimen 11 middle parts from both sides correspondence by the through hole 8 on base plate 7, and the other end of blast charger 10 is fixed in the push pedal of bottom direction.
For further improving the reliability of push pedal 9 loading specimens 11 and the stability in blast process, the outer side surface contacting with test specimen 11 in push pedal 9 is provided with card rib 13, card rib 13 contacts with test specimen 11 outside surfaces and test specimen 11 outsides is held, and test specimen 11 inside surfaces are close on base plate 7 surfaces.Base plate 7 surfaces fully contact with test specimen 11 surfaces, have increased the stability that test specimen 11 is installed, and meanwhile, card rib 13 also can make the blastingfracture process of test specimen 11 planar load.Certainly, card rib 13 in push pedal 9 also can be transformed into the groove design of push pedal 9 and test specimen 11 surface in contacts, test specimen 11 limit portions are directly stuck in the groove of push pedal 9 sides, by the supported on both sides face of groove, test specimen 11 are clamped, and the degree of depth of groove can be set as required.
In experiment, first choose test specimen 11, test specimen 11 is of a size of 300mm*300mm*5mm, offers big gun hole in test specimen 11 centers, and blasthole diameter is 6mm, and loads the explosive of appropriate amount.Then, unclamp, bolt in left and right direction push pedal, promote push pedal to cylinder 6 one side shiftings, test specimen 11 is placed between the push pedal 9 of four direction, and test specimen 11 back sides contact with base plate 7 surfaces.Then, open three sub-control valves 4 and total valve 2, open air compressor 1, constantly by air suction air hold-up vessel, air pressure rises gradually, and cylinder bar promotes, and push pedals upper, left and right three directions are moved, in conjunction with fixed lower direction push pedal, the push pedal 9 of four direction utilizes card rib 13 that test specimen 11 is held, and makes the periphery of test specimen 11 produce uniform confined pressure.Note at any time the reading on general pressure table 3 and sub-control tensimeter 5, pressure range remains on 0-0.8MPa.In the time that reading reaches desired value, close successively three sub-control valves 4 and total valve 2, and tighten the bolt in push pedal groove 12 simultaneously, maintenance between push pedal 9 and base plate 7 is fixedly connected with, ensure that the even distributed force that push pedal 9 applies test specimen 11 is a steady state value.Due to test specimen, 11 limit portions are stuck in the card rib 13 of push pedal 9, have ensured that blast dynamic load planar carries out.Follow again, debugging blast charger 10, the loading end of the charger 10 that makes to explode is carried in the big gun hole at test specimen 11 middle parts from both sides correspondence, ensures that in test specimen 11, big gun hole plug is closely knit.The experimental provisions such as optical measurement mechanics experimental provision is aimed at test specimen 11 by through hole 8, as moving photoelastic in: transmission-type or the moving caustics of optical measurement mechanics experimental provision.Finally, detonating powder, observes and record the blastingfracture process of test specimen 11, after having tested, unloads the pressure in carrier gas cylinder 6, unclamps the bolt in groove 12, takes off test specimen 11.
The above; only for preferably embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, is anyly familiar with in technical scope that those skilled in the art disclose in the present invention; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. for simulating an optical measurement mechanics experimental provision for deep rock blast cracking, it is characterized in that, comprise the static loading system that can carry out along level and vertical direction test specimen stress loading, and for generation of the blast charger of dynamic load; Described static loading system comprises a base plate of vertically placing, four push pedals that distribute along upper and lower, left and right four direction in base plate one side, and be respectively, confession pressing system that left and right three direction push pedals provide pressure; Described base plate middle part has through hole, and push pedal bottoms upper, left and right three directions are movably connected on base plate, and the push pedal of bottom direction is fixed on base plate, and test specimen is fixed between four push pedals; The loading end of described blast charger is carried in the big gun hole at test specimen middle part from both sides correspondence by the through hole on base plate, and the other end of blast charger is fixed in the push pedal of bottom direction;
Describedly comprise three cylinders, tensimeter, valve and air compressor for pressing system, described three cylinders are connected in parallel, and the cylinder pole pair of three cylinders should be connected to, in the push pedal of left and right three directions; Described tensimeter and valve are connected on the connecting line between air compressor and cylinder in parallel;
In the parallel branch of described three cylinders, be also connected with respectively sub-control valve and sub-control tensimeter;
The surface that described push pedal contacts with test specimen is provided with groove, and test specimen limit portion is stuck in groove;
The outer side surface that described push pedal contacts with test specimen is provided with card rib, and card rib contacts with test specimen outside surface, and test specimen inside surface is close on base plate.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of for simulating the optical measurement mechanics experimental provision of deep rock blast cracking, it is characterized in that, on the push pedal body of described upper, left and right direction, be also provided with groove along moving direction, be inserted with bolt in groove, bolt is connected between base plate and push pedal.
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| CN201110366318.8A CN102539650B (en) | 2011-11-18 | 2011-11-18 | Photodetection mechanics test device for simulating deep rock explosion cracking |
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